Patricide, Fratricide, and Betrayal: the Role of Parthia in the First War with Rome

Nikolaus Overtoom

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Chapter 11 Patricide, Fratricide, and Betrayal: the Role of Parthia in the First War with Rome

in Brillâs Companion to War in the Ancient Iranian Empires

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Nikolaus Overtoom

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Art:: Kapitel

Seiten:: 329â365

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004710771_012

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Abstract

The Parthians conquered the Middle East under the capable and charismatic leadership of the early Arsacids. Yet beginning in the late 90s BCE a series of devastating civil wars brought on by dynastic turmoil squandered the momentum of the Parthian state. These civil wars eventually led to the first assassination of a Parthian king by his two sons, who then fought amongst themselves for the throne. The powerful Parthian aristocracy helped facilitate this rise in dynastic chaos, as the western and eastern families of the empire used rival Arsacid candidates to exert power and authority. Moreover, the war of the brothers in the middle 50s BCE led to Roman intervention in Mesopotamia and the beginning of the great rivalry of Parthia and Rome. This chapter breaks from the dominant Rome-centric, anti-Crassus traditions concerning the geopolitical developments before, during, and after the Carrhae campaign (54â53 BCE) to reconstruct these events as much as possible from the Parthian perspective. The Roman focus of our sources and centuries of anti-Crassus propaganda have led most scholars to discount or overlook the critical agency of the Parthians and the crucial developments within the Parthian Empire that eventually led to Parthiaâs first war with Rome. This chapter challenges the misguided tradition that describes the Parthians as feeble, passive, and parasitic and that places agency in the hands of the Parthiansâ rivals, blaming the incompetence or weakness of the Parthiansâ enemies to explain their actions and successes. Indeed, the Parthians were important, active, and powerful agents in the origin of the rivalry between Parthia and Rome, something often obscured or neglected because of the inherent Roman focus and bias of the Graeco-Roman literary tradition and modern scholarship.

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Brillâs Companion to War in the Ancient Iranian Empires

Reihe:Â Brill's Companions to Classical Studies, Band: 9Â undÂ Brill's Companions to Classical Studies: Warfare in the Ancient Mediterranean World, Band: 9

ISBN:: 9789004710771

Verleger:: Brill

Print-Publikationsdatum:: 10 Oct 2024

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Afrikanistik	Internationale Beziehungen	Nahost- und Islamwissenschaften
Altorientalistik und Ägyptologie	Internationales Recht	Pädagogik
Amerikanistik	Judaistik	Philosophie
Asienwissenschaften	Klassische Altertumswissenschaft	Religionswissenschaft
Bibelauslegung	Kunstgeschichte	Slawistik und Eurasienkunde
Biologie	Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaften	Sozialwissenschaften
Biowissenschaften	Medienwissenschaft	Sprachen und Linguistik
Buchgeschichte und Kartographie	Menschenrechte und humanitäres Völkerrecht	Theologie und Christentum
Geschichte	Musikwissenschaft

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Chapter 11 Patricide, Fratricide, and Betrayal: the Role of Parthia in the First War with Rome

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Brillâs Companion to War in the Ancient Iranian Empires

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Brillâs Companion to War in the Ancient Iranian Empires