Symbols and Abbreviations
Symbols used in the present text and the critical apparatus
| + |
emendation |
| â¨abcâ© |
restoration/addition |
| {â¦} |
lacuna |
| â¦abc⦠|
expunction/deletion |
|
portion of text cancelled in the manuscript |
|
|
portion of text cancelled in the manuscript by a second hand |
|
| ︿abc︿ |
interlinear spelling |
| ︽abc︽ |
interlinear spelling added by a second hand |
| âºabcâ» |
marginal spelling |
| ⪻abc⪼ |
marginal spelling added by a second hand |
| * |
reconstructed form, not attested in the extant texts |
| *** |
illegible portion of text |
| â¨abcâ© |
spelling in Pahlavi script |
| â¨ABCâ© |
spelling in Arameogram |
| â¨abcâ© |
spelling in Avestan script |
Languages and Scripts
| Ak. |
Akkadian |
| Ar. |
Arabic |
| Am. |
Armenian |
| Av. |
Avestan |
| Gr. |
Greek |
| He. |
Hebrew |
| IE |
Indo-European |
| MIr. |
Middle Iranian |
| MMP |
Manichean Middle Persian |
| MP |
Middle Persian |
| NP |
New Persian |
| OG |
Old Gujarati |
| OIr. |
Old Iranian |
| OP |
Old Persian |
| Pah. |
Pahlavi |
| PÄz. |
PÄzand |
| Pth. |
Parthian |
| Sg. |
Sogdian |
| Syr. |
Syriac |
| Skt. |
Sanskrit |
| Ved. |
Vedic Sanskrit |
Calendrical Systems
| AH |
Anno Hegirae |
| AY |
Anno Yazdgirdi |
| CE |
Common Era |
| SE |
Shalivahana Era |
| VS |
Vikram Samvat |
Abbreviations/Acronyms of titles of Avestan, Pahlavi, and New Persian texts, and the publication to which the chapter/paragraph numbers refer
|
ÄH |
Äkhar-i HazÄra |
MazdÄpÅ«r 1378/1999 |
|
AJ |
AyÄdgÄr Ä« JÌÄmÄspÄ«g |
Agostini 2013 |
|
AMÅ WWa |
Abar Madan Ä« Å Äh WahrÄm Ä« WarzÄwand |
Jamasp-Asana 1897â1913 |
|
AMÅ WWb |
Abar Madan Ä« Å Äh WahrÄm Ä« WarzÄwand |
Blochet 1895 |
|
Aog. |
AogemadaÄcÄ |
Jamaspasa 1982 |
|
ASS |
AbdÄ«h ud SahÄ«gÄ«h Ä« SagestÄn |
Jamasp-Asana 1897â1913 |
|
AWN |
ArdÄ WÄ«rÄz NÄmag |
Jamasp Asa 1902 |
|
AZ |
AyÄdgÄr Ä« ZarÄrÄn |
Monchi-Zadeh 1981 |
|
Bd. |
Iranian (greater) Bundahišn |
Pakzad 2005 |
|
Bd.In. |
Indian (lesser) Bundahišn |
BihzÄdÄ« 1368/1989 |
|
BR |
BayÄn-i RistÄkhÄ«z |
MazdÄpÅ«r 1378/1999 |
|
DB |
The Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great |
Schmitt 2009 |
|
DD |
DÄdestÄn Ä« DÄnÄ«g |
chaps. 1â40: Jaafari-Dehaghi 1998 |
|
chaps. 41â94: MÄ«rfakhrÄʾī 1397/2018 |
||
|
Dk. |
DÄnkard |
bk. III: de Menasce 1973 |
|
bk. IV: RiżÄʾī 1393/2014 |
||
|
bk. V: ÄmÅ«zgÄr & TafażżulÄ« 1386/2007 |
||
|
bk. VI: Shaked 1979 |
||
|
bk. VII: RÄshid-Muḥaṣṣil 1389/2010 |
||
|
bk. VIII: NaáºarÄ«-FÄrsÄnÄ« 1397/2018b |
||
|
bk. IX chaps.1â23: Vevaina 2007 |
||
|
bk. IX chaps. 24â46: Tafazzoli 1344/1965 |
||
|
DM |
DabistÄn-i MaáºÄhib |
Kaykhusraw IsfandiyÄr 1362/1983 |
|
Ds. |
DasÄtÄ«r |
Mulla Firuz Bin Kaus 1818 |
|
Fr.W |
Fragment Westergaard |
Westergaard 1852â1854 |
|
FOE |
Frahang Ä« ÅÄ«m Äk |
GushtÄsb & ḤÄjÄ«-PÅ«r 1397/2018 |
|
FÅ» |
FrÄdÅn Å»aḥÄk RÄ Girift |
MazdÄpÅ«r 1378/1999 |
|
G |
GÄh |
Geldner 1889 |
|
GA |
Gizistag AbÄliÅ¡ |
NaáºarÄ«-FÄrsÄnÄ« 1397/2018a |
|
HAM |
Handarz Ä« ÄdurbÄd Ä« MahrspandÄn |
Jamasp-Asana 1897â1913 |
|
HDM |
Handarz Ä« DÄnÄgÄn Å MazdÄsnÄn |
Jamasp-Asana 1897â1913 |
|
HKR |
Husraw Ä« KawÄdÄn ud RÄdag-Äw |
Azarnouche 2013 |
|
HOD |
Handarz Ä« ÅÅ¡nar Ä« DÄnÄg |
GushtÄsb & ḤÄjÄ«-PÅ«r 1393/2014 |
|
HN |
HÄdÅxt Nask |
Piras 2000 |
|
Hr. |
HÄrbadestÄn |
Kreyenbroek & Kotwal 1992â2009 |
|
J |
JÄmÄspÄ« (New Persian version) |
Modi 1903 |
|
KAP |
KÄrnÄmag Ä« ArdaxÅ¡Är Ä« PÄbagÄn |
Anklesaria 1935 |
|
MFRH |
MÄh Ä« FrawardÄ«n RÅz Ä« HordÄd |
Alimoradi (forthcoming) |
|
MHD |
MÄdayÄn Ä« HazÄr DÄdestÄn |
Macuch 1993 |
|
MX |
DÄdestÄn Ä« MÄnÅy Ä« Xrad |
Anklesaria 1913 |
|
N |
NÄrangestÄn |
Kreyenbroek & Kotwal 1992â2009 |
|
Ny. |
NiyÄyiÅ¡n |
Taraf 1981 |
|
NZM |
NishÄnhÄ-yi ZÄdan-i MunjÄ« |
MazdÄpÅ«r 1378/1999 |
|
OH |
Oracle of Hystaspes |
Bidez & Cumont 1938 |
|
PP |
Patit Ä« PaÅ¡ÄmÄnÄ«h |
Buyaner 2016 |
|
PRaDD |
Pahlavi RivÄyat accompanying the DÄdestÄn Ä« DÄnÄ«g |
Williams 1990 |
|
Pü.APZ |
Pahlavi Äfrin Ä« PaygÄmbar ZarduxÅ¡t |
Dhabhar 1927 |
|
Pü.Ny. |
Pahlavi NiyÄyiÅ¡n |
Dhalla 1908 |
|
Pü.Vd. |
Pahlavi WidÄwdÄd |
Jamasp 1907 |
|
Pü.Y |
Pahlavi Yasna |
Dhabhar 1949 |
|
QS |
Qiṣṣa-yi SanjÄn |
Williams 2009 |
|
QZH |
Qiṣṣa-yi ZartushtiyÄn-i HindÅ«stÄn |
Cereti 1991 |
|
RAF |
RivÄyat Ä« Ädur-Farnba |
Anklesaria 1969 |
|
RHA |
RivÄyat Ä« HÄmÄ«t Ä« AÅ¡awahiÅ¡tÄn |
Safa-Isfehani 1980 |
|
á¹V |
á¹gVeda |
Jamison & Brereton 2014 |
|
SDB |
á¹¢ad Dar-i Bundahish |
Dhabhar 1909 |
|
SDN |
Ṣad Dar-i Nas̱r |
Dhabhar 1909 |
|
Å Ä |
Å ahrestÄnÄ«hÄ Ä« ÄrÄnÅ¡ahr |
Daryaee 2002 |
|
Å GW |
Å kand GumÄnÄ«g WizÄr |
Jâmâsp-Ãsânâ & West 1887 |
|
Å N |
ShÄhnÄma |
Firdawsī 2007 |
|
Å NÅ |
Å Äyest NÄ-Å Äyest |
Tavadia 1930 |
|
Sr. |
SÄ«h-rÅzag |
Raffaelli 2014 |
|
SS |
Sūr Saxwan |
Tavadia 1935 |
|
Vd. |
VÄ«dÄvdÄd |
1â9, 16â18, 20â22: Geldner 1896 |
|
10â15: Andrés-Toledo 2016 |
||
|
19: Redard 2021 |
||
|
Vr. |
Visperad |
1â2: Kellens 2006 |
|
3â6: Kellens 2007 |
||
|
7â12: Kellens 2010 |
||
|
13â24: Kellens 2011 |
||
|
VYt. |
WiÅ¡tÄsp YaÅ¡t |
Westergaard 1852â1854 |
|
WD |
Wizirgerd Ä« DÄnÄ«g |
Sheffield 2010 |
|
WZ |
WizÄ«dagÄ«hÄ Ä« ZÄdspram |
Anklesaria 1964 |
|
XP |
Xwad Patit |
Buyaner 2016 |
|
Y |
Yasna |
1.1â7.23: Kellens 2006 |
|
7.24â15.4: Kellens 2007 |
||
|
16â27.12: Kellens 2010 |
||
|
27.13â34.15: Kellens 2011 |
||
|
35â41: Hintze 2007 |
||
|
42â61: Kellens 2011 |
||
|
62â72: Kellens & Redard 2013 |
||
|
YF |
MÄdayÄn Ä« YÅiÅ¡t Ä« FriyÄn |
Cantera & Andrés-Toledo 2006 |
|
Yt. |
Yašt |
1: Pirart 2007 |
|
2, 4, 9: Geldner 1889 |
||
|
3: König 2016 |
||
|
5: MaulÄʾī 1392/2013 |
||
|
6: Panaino 1990c |
||
|
8: Panaino 1990b |
||
|
10: Gershevitch 1959 |
||
|
12: Goldman 2015 |
||
|
13: MaulÄʾī 1382/2003 |
||
|
14: Pirart 2006a |
||
|
15: Wikander 1941 |
||
|
16: Pirart 2008 |
||
|
17: Pirart 2006b |
||
|
19: Hintze 1994a |
||
|
ZFJ |
Zand Ä« Fragard Ä« JÌud-dÄw-dÄd |
Moazami 2021 |
|
ZN |
ZarÄtusht-nÄma (MaulÅ«d-i ZartuÅ¡t) |
Sheffield 2012 |
|
ZWY |
Zand ī Wahman Yašt |
Anklesaria 1957 |
|
ååºå é¾ (Cefu Yuangui: Prime Tortoise of the Record Bureau) |
Wang Qinruo (çæ¬½è¥) et al. 1960 |
|
|
大å西åè¨ (Da Tang Xiyu Ji: The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions) |
Xuanzang (çå¥) 1988 |
|
|
æ´é½ä¼½èè¨ (Luoyang châieh-lan chi: A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Luoyang) |
Yang Xuanzhi (æ¥è¡ä¹) 1988 |
|
|
è³æ²»éé (Zizhi Tongjian: Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government) |
Sima Guang (å¸é¦¬å ) 1956 |