Darwinism, Materialism, and Social Evolution

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Chapter 1 Darwinism, Materialism, and Social Evolution

In: Philosophy in the Islamic World

Author:

Anke von Kügelgen

Anke von Kügelgen
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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 62–125

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004710498_004

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Philosophy in the Islamic World

Volume 4/1: 19th-20th Centuries: The Arabic-Speaking Region

Series: Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East, Volume: 115/4.1 and Philosophy in the Islamic World, Volume: 115/4.1

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004710498

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 11 Oct 2024

Subjects

Front Matter

Preliminary Material

Preface to the English Edition

Preface to the German Edition

Introduction

Part 1 The Arabic-Speaking Region – a Changing Understanding of Philosophy and Science (1st Half of the 19th Century until the 1920s)

Introduction to Part 1

Chapter 1 Darwinism, Materialism, and Social Evolution

Chapter 2 Ethics, Religion, and Social Reform

Chapter 3 Civilisation, State, and Progress

Part 2 The Arabic-Speaking Region – Philosophical Trends Taking Shape (1920s to 1960s)

Introduction to Part 2

Chapter 4 Political Philosophy

Chapter 5 The History of Islamic Philosophy as an Academic Discipline

Chapter 6 Arab Thomism, Existentialism, and Instrumentalism; Muslim Subjectivism and Personalism

Part 3 The Arabic-Speaking Region – Philosophical Self-Critique from the 1960s Onwards

Introduction to Part 3

Chapter 7 Criticism of Culture, Society, and Religion

Chapter 8 Debating Rationality

Chapter 9 Philosophical Hermeneutics in the Context of Quranic Exegesis

Chapter 10 Philosophy of History

Chapter 11 Gender Debates

Chapter 12 Looking Ahead: Philosophy in the Arab World at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Developments, Tendencies, and Perspectives

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53
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54
ʿAbduh, M. [“Maulāya al-muʿaẓẓam.”] (8 Šaʿbān 1300 [H]/[14 June 1883]). – Partial Engl. transl. by Elie Kedourie, [no title]. In Kedourie 1966 [*79: 45]. – Partial Germ. transl. by Werner Ende, [no title], in Ende 1969 [*82: 656]. – Letter to al-Afġānī, printed facsimile in Asnād va madārek [*33: 138–140]. – The letter has no title and is listed here with its salutation.
55
al-ʿAnḥūrī, Salīm Rafāʾīl Ǧirǧis. Siḥr Hārūt. Damascus, 1885 [Kedourie 1966 [*79: 90 fn. 21]. – Includes a brief biography of al-Afġānī by al-ʿAnḥūrī in the form of a marginal commentary on a poem about al-Afġānī. The biography was reprinted in Radd [*76] and under the title “Tarǧamat Salīm Bey al-ʿAnḥūrī li-l-Sayyid Ǧamāl al-Dīn” in Riḍā 2012 [*60: I 42–49] (quoted here). – Partial Engl. transl. by Nikki R. Keddie, “Biography of Afghānī,” in Keddie 1972 [*86: 30–31]. – Soon afterwards, al-ʿAnḥūrī retracted his statements regarding al-Afġānī’s atheism [*56].
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56
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57
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58
al-Maġribī, ʿAbd al-Qādir. [“Raʾy al-Sayyid fī iṣlāḥ ḥāl al-muslimīn”] (1310 [H]/[1892/1893]). In Riḍā 2012 [*60: I 82–83]. – Letter to Riḍā concerning the subjects discussed in conversations between al-Maġribī and al-Afġānī in Istanbul.
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ʿAbduh, M. “Tarǧamat Ǧamāl al-Dīn al-Afġānī.” Al-Ǧāmiʿa 5/3 (11 Ǧumādā al-ṯānī 1324 [H]/1 August 1906): 122–129. – The date of writing and the first publication are not given. – Ed. in Riḍā 2012 [*60: I 27–35], quoted here.
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60
Riḍā, M.R. Tārīḫ al-ustāḏ al-imām al-šayḫ Muḥammad ʿAbduh, 3 vols. Cairo 1350 [H]/1931 (vol.I), 1908 (vol. II), 1910 (vol. III). – Repr. Cairo 2012 (quoted here). – The date of the first edition of vol. I may be found in the introduction (al-Muqaddima) on p. 4. – Vol. I includes biographies of al-Afġānī by Muḥammad ʿAbduh [*59], Adīb Isḥāq [*55], S[alīm]. B[ey]. al-ʿAnḥūrī [*56], Ibrāhīm al-Yāziǧī (94–99), and Ǧurǧī Zaydān (99–101) as well as Rašīd Riḍā’s brief elucidations and his supplementary biography on the basis of various documents “Tatimmat al-tarǧama” (54–94); vol. II contains two transcripts of al-Afġānī’s lessons “Falsafat al-tarbiya” and “Falsafat al-ṣināʿa” [*90], produced and stylistically amended by ʿAbduh.
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Riḍā, M.R. [no title]. Al-Manār 25/8 (1924): 598 621. – Commentary on al-Maqālāt al-Ǧamāliyya [*31].
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64
Sarkīs, Yūsuf Ilyās. Muʿǧam al-maṭbūʿāt al-ʿarabiyya wa-l-muʿarraba, 2 vols. Cairo, 1346 H/1928.
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Riḍā, M.R. “Falsafat al-Sayyid Ǧamāl al-Dīn.” In Riḍā 2012 [*60: I79–81].
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Adams, Charles C. Islam and Modernism in Egypt. A Study of the Modern Reform Movement Inaugurated by Muḥammad ʿAbduh. London, 1933.
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Amīn, Aḥmad. Zuʿamāʾ al-iṣlāḥ fī l-ʿaṣr al-ḥadīṯ. Cairo, 1948. – Repr. Cairo 1989 (5th ed.) (quoted here).
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Kedourie, Elie. Afghani and ʿAbduh. An Essay on Religious Unbelief and Political Activism in Modern Islam. London, 1966.
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