Index
Actaeon
179
adultery
19, 22, 37, 94, 105, 107, 110, 114n21, 119, 126, 128, 142–143, 151–154, 161, 165, 215, 263
Aelian
261
De natura animalium [On the Characteristics of Animals]
36, 43n48, 157
Aesop
214
Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great)
31, 38, 39n34, 41–42, 48, 198n10
De animalibus [On Animals]
31n9, 38, 41–42, 198, 199
Liber secretorum [Book of Secrets]
48
Alexander of Hales
144n13, 153, 262
al-Jahiz, Kitab al-Hayawan [Book of the Animals]
200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205
al-Nafzawi, Muhammad, Ar-Rawḍ al-ʿāṭir fī nuzhat al-khāṭir [The Perfumed Garden of Sensual Delight]
45–46
Ancyra, Synod of
103, 115n24, 124
animal
abuse, animal cruelty
6, 6nn11–13, 7, 7n14, 8, 11, 36n25, 50, 153n54, 263–264
allegory
12, 37, 54, 74, 79, 81, 83, 196, 207, 208, 213n45
bride/bridegroom xi
, 24, 51
domestication
5, 6n11, 9, 257–258
emotions
42–43, 157–159
experimentation
31n9, 49–50, 264–265
fable
158, 211, 213–217, 221, 223, 224
– human binary
51, 64–65
– human boundary xi
, 18, 23, 24, 31, 38, 39n34, 55, 57, 74, 78, 79, 84, 86, 87, 112, 144, 159, 215, 263, 265
– human metamorphosis (transformation)
58–63, 64, 73, 74, 78–83, 86, 137, 141–165, 179, 180, 188, 209, 211, 211n37–39, 213–230
imagery
170n6, 171, 176n20, 182n31, 250
Other
189
rights
8, 23, 50
role-play
239
symbolism xi
, 455, 12, 15, 53, 55, 62, 76, 83–84, 180n28, 181n30, 198, 237, 242, 246–249, 250, 253–255
turn x
, 30
welfare
2, 5, 6
anthropocentricism
25, 52, 60
anthropomorphized animal
18, 214, 250
ant
12
ant-lion
37
anal sex
115, 116
anus
1, 14, 111, 119, 122, 206
ape
49, 125n48, 129n53
aphrodisiac
19, 43, 46, 48
Aquinas, Thomas
30–31, 38, 39n34, 79, 88, 90, 131, 144n13, 153
Aristotle
21, 29–36, 38–44, 49, 88, 89nn11–12, 90, 110, 194, 196, 198n10, 200n14, 205, 264
De generatione animalium [On the Generation of Animals]
32–34, 34n17, 40, 49, 194, 195
Arthur and Gorlagon
141, 153, 156n76
ass. see donkey
Augustine of Hippo, Saint
56, 91, 124, 129, 129n52
baboon
265
bāh
44–45
Bartholomaeus Anglicus, De proprietatibus rerum
31, 43n47, 43n50, 137
bear
13, 42, 42n43, 44, 48, 49, 179
Beauty and the Beast
58, 260
bestiality
contemporary cases
1–2, 263
historical cases
46, 92n24, 114–120
bestiary
15, 18, 18n27, 23, 37, 39, 43–44, 48, 53, 79, 83, 137n70, 200, 200n14
Bible
13, 37, 55, 193
Deuteronomy
14, 193n2
Genesis
5, 13, 14, 51–52, 54, 61, 62, 97
Leviticus
14, 30, 96, 193n2, 261, 265
Biclarel
141, 156n76
bird
1, 2, 34, 36n25, 68, 135, 184n41, 194, 195, 196, 206, 215n53, 258, 260
Bisclavret
22, 112, 141–144, 145n15, 147–165, 170n6, 209, 211n37
bobcat
261
buggery
10, 11, 20n11, 114n21, 115, 116
bull
2n3, 12, 13, 32, 40, 123, 214, 258
Buraq
213, 213n42
Callisto
179
calumniated queen
109–110, 117
camel
45n58
cannibalism x
, 143, 144, 242n28
Carter, Angela
21, 51–69, 246n14
Carnival
23, 231, 235–236
castration
6, 7, 7n14, 21, 23, 77–78, 85, 144n13, 153, 161, 180, 233
cat
52, 223, 266
kitten
188n54, 265
centaur
35nn19–20, 36, 37, 43–44, 54, 129n53, 206n21, 208
charivari
208
Cheuelere Assigne (The Swan Knight)
106–114, 116, 123, 125–138
Le Chevalier au Cygne
107n4, 108, 109n8, 132n59, 136, 138
chicken
2, 3, 136, 258
hen
34, 200
rooster
200
Children of Lir
137–138
chimera
20, 23, 206, 264
chimpanzee
49
Chobham, Thomas
95, 96–97, 100n62, 103, 104, 144n13, 153
Christ
15, 53, 54, 217
Christianity
13, 44, 54, 55, 123, 137, 150, 217, 216
chupacabra
29
claustrophilia
171–172, 173n14, 189, 190n58
Code of Hammurabi
257–258
confession
35n20, 92–105, 135, 159–160, 251n44
congenital abnormality, birth defect/anomaly/deformity
32–34, 39–40, 110, 129
consent
1, 3 , 5, 6, 6n11, 9n16, 202n18
contra naturam
38, 39, 39n35, 41, 90, 91, 98
cow
4, 6, 14, 33, 123, 124, 257, 263
calf
40
crow
215n53
cyborg
49
deer
179, 237–238, 240–241, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248n48, 263
doe, hind
78, 82, 83
fawn
82
stag
78, 82, 83, 84, 111, 211n39
demon
29, 30, 39, 41, 63n57, 111n17, 129n53, 131, 186, 213, 248, 249, 263
devil
12, 13, 14, 18, 59, 60, 111, 111n17, 129, 131, 135, 155n73, 186, 253
div-i safid
213
dog
14, 15, 22, 34, 36n25, 63n57, 111, 115, 116–119, 123, 124, 128, 131, 135, 148, 171, 179, 190, 238, 243, 248n37, 249, 257, 258, 263
bitch
115–116, 128, 170n6
Indian dog
34
puppy
22, 107, 109n7, 112, 125, 126, 128, 130, 131, 134, 174, 179, 188
donkey (ass)
3n4, 13, 37, 45, 45n58, 46, 46n61, 200, 223, 257
dove
200
dragon
196
eagle
12, 183n38
ecstasy
62, 167, 173, 187–189
Eden
14, 55–56, 58–60, 62, 64–65, 68
eel
37
Egbert of York
135, 262
elephant
202, 204
encyclopedia, medieval
30–31, 38, 39, 42, 43n50, 44
Enumclaw, Washington ix
, 1–5, 8, 10, 11n19, 15, 23, 24
equid, equine
3n4, 21, 23, 43.
donkey, horse, unicorn
erotology
29, 44–46
Eve
14, 55–58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64–68, 208
Fall of Man
51, 54–57, 60, 64–66, 68, 208
faun
129n53
fish
104, 200, 260
La Fontaine, Jean de
214, 215n52, 221, 224
fox
18, 34, 214, 237, 248–249, 248n37, 248n38, 249n39, 249n40
vixen
248n37
Galen
44, 110
gargoyle
206
genetic engineering
29, 264
genitalia
animal
47
human
15, 19, 55, 223, 223n65, 248
Gervase of Tilbury
145, 163
Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald of Wales), Topographia Hibernica (The History and Topography of Ireland)
12, 14, 21, 29, 34, 81, 137, 142n5, 153, 211n37, 264
goat
2, 3, 4, 12, 14, 36, 123, 124, 129n53, 131, 193, 194, 202, 207, 223, 261, 264
god
13, 24, 32n11, 41, 123, 137
goose
136
gorilla
258
Guillaume de Palerne
141, 163
harpy
213
Hippocrates
32n11, 44
homosexuality, homoeroticism
10, 11, 20n30, 30, 39n35, 44n55, 45, 78n16, 79, 87, 89, 115, 115n24, 153, 234–235, 236, 242, 245, 247, 249, 252
horse
1–5, 1n1, 5n7, 7–9, 9n16, 12, 12n25, 13, 19n29, 23, 24, 35n19, 36, 37, 42–44, 60, 124, 129n53, 200, 207, 207n28, 208, 213, 232, 244, 246, 246n34, 257, 263
foal
3, 43
mare
3, 12, 36, 43, 43n47, 261
stallion
3, 3n4, 4, 8, 12, 23, 24, 43n47, 263
hunt, hunting
15–18, 67, 131, 147–148, 152, 155, 182–183, 188, 223n64, 235, 237, 238, 240–241, 241n25, 242–243, 243n31, 244–246, 245n33, 247–249, 248nn38–39, 253–255
hybrid
birth/offspring
14, 29, 33–35, 39, 41, 44, 125n48, 130, 131, 135, 143, 153, 256, 258, 264
creature
29, 39, 41, 68, 81, 82, 86, 125n48, 129n53, 130, 194, 205–206, 206n26, 207, 208, 211, 213, 221, 223–224, 256, 258, 264
animal–
animal
29, 34–35, 37, 206n26, 264
plant
29, 213
conceptual
82
human–
animal
29, 37, 82, 86, 125n48, 129n53, 130, 185, 187
ape
49, 125n48
bear
13, 42, 179
bovine
14, 29, 33–34, 40.
Ox-Man, Minotaur
chimpanzee (humanzee)
49
deer
179
goat
36, 129n53.
faun
horse
35nn19–20, 36, 37, 43–44, 54, 129n53, 206n21, 207, 207n8, 208, 208n33, 213.
Buraq, centaur
insect
29.
Mothman
monkey
264
mouse
221, 223
serpent
56, 57, 207–208.
Mélusine
swan
132–134.
Swan Knight, Swan Child
wolf
64, 82, 141–165, 167–190.
werewolf
Iblis
213
Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna)
31n9, 44
incest
78–79, 84–86, 185n43, 236, 261, 263
incubus
129n53
ʿishq
44, 45n56
Isidore of Seville, Etymologies
37, 43–44, 83, 137, 206
Islam
44, 45n56, 45n59, 47n68
Ivanov, Il’ya
49
jackal
213
Kalila wa Dimna
211, 213–221, 224
kink
236, 239
Kinsey, Alfred
10, 10n18
Konrad von Megenberg, Buch der Natur
42–43
lacuna
23, 193, 196, 205, 220, 224
Lai de Melion
141, 156, 163
Lateran III
91, 103
Lateran IV
93, 94–95, 98, 100, 101, 114n21
Leda iv
, 134, 137, 258–260
leopard, leo-pard
37
lesbianism
46
lion, lioness
18, 37, 58, 64n58, 198, 214, 264
loup-garou
145.
werewolf
Lucretius
35n19
lycanthrope. see werewolf
lycanthropy
142, 143, 148, 161, 179
Lycaon
179
lynx
214
The Mabinogion
21, 73–86
magic
12, 19, 48, 51, 75–76, 78, 80, 146, 155n73, 156n76, 215, 248, 249, 252
manticore
37
marginalia xi
, 145, 194, 196, 196n5, 198, 205–207, 206n23, 223
Marie de France, Lais
110n9, 126n49, 141–165, 209, 211
masturbation
10, 20n32, 30, 46n59, 103, 153, 236
Maxims
181, 186
Mélusine
112, 207, 208
mermaid
259
metamorph
179–180.
see shapeshifter
Michael Scot
30
Minner, Hans, Das Tierbuch
48–49
Minotaur
36, 39, 123
miracle
107, 113, 127, 133, 136, 154
Mirk, John
98–99, 104
miscegenation
153, 160
monkey
59, 213n45, 258, 264
monster, monstrosity
32, 32n11, 36, 39, 41, 41n40, 45, 82, 150, 180n28, 185, 186, 188, 189n57, 205, 206, 213n44, 264
Mothman
29
mouse
188n54, 213–230
mouth
1, 84, 111, 113, 119, 120, 131, 138, 181n30, 196n8, 198, 242, 242n30, 243
mule
34–35, 37, 39, 200, 257, 262
Naissance du Chevalier au Cygne
108, 109n8
Neanderthal
257
necrophilia
1, 237
oral sex
1, 62, 115, 263
orangutan
49
Ovid
8, 81, 123, 137, 179, 196n6, 211, 212, 221
owl
53n215
Ox-Man
not of Wicklow
38n34
of Wicklow
14, 29, 34
paganism
12, 13, 37, 74n5, 76n10, 81, 123, 137–138, 184, 235, 253
Pan
193, 194, 207, 223
Panchatantra
213
Paré, Ambrose, Des Monstres et Prodiges
35n20, 41
partridge
34
Pasiphaë
123
peccary
257
pederasty
45, 236
pedophilia
3, 8, 115
peephole
120, 123
pelican
53
penance
30, 63n57, 66, 67, 91, 93–94, 103–105, 123–124, 135, 251n44, 262
penis
animal
3, 3n4, 19, 45, 45n48, 202n17, 258
human
19, 46, 46n59, 47, 47n68, 49, 223, 238, 248, 257
penitential literature
30, 87, 93–94, 99–104, 124, 135, 153, 216n54, 262
pet
2, 6n13, 124, 147, 178, 257n1, 265
Phoenix
53
Pliny the Elder
42, 83, 156n77
Historia naturalis [Natural History]
13, 35n18, 83n30, 206, 206n26
Plutarch, Bruta animalia ratione uti [Beasts Are Rational]
36, 36n25
pornography
10n19, 11, 44, 44n52, 235, 235n9, 237, 238, 238n17, 241, 241n25, 245n33, 246, 246n35, 260
pregnancy
29, 35n20, 41, 107, 127–128, 132, 180, 189, 260
Putin, Vladimir
256
Qurʾan
14, 193, 193n3, 200, 200n14
rabbit
64, 266
rape x
, 8, 21, 73, 75–79, 81–82, 84–86, 120, 153, 236, 241, 242, 242n28, 243, 245n32, 252, 258, 263
raven
183n38, 241
reserved case
100–103, 104
Reynard the Fox
18, 19, 248
rhinotomy
160–161
Roman de Fauvel
196n6, 207–210, 211
Rufus of Ephesus
44
Satan
41, 213
satyr
129n53
Saxo Grammaticus
13, 42
Scholasticism
30, 31n9, 41, 88–91, 198n10
semen
3, 7, 34, 42, 111
serpent (snake)
13, 14, 55–57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 131, 200, 207, 207n29, 264
shamanism
9, 12, 24, 257
shapeshifter xi
, 19, 66, 143, 158, 161, 179, 261
Shatner, William
29
sheep
2, 4, 182, 202, 202n17, 223, 257
ram
32
lamb
40, 58
Silvan
36
Singer, Peter
5, 5n8, 24
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
23, 53, 122, 231–255
Sir Gowther
63n57, 112
siren
37
slander
13, 47n68, 94, 107, 109, 113–114, 118, 121, 126–128, 131, 132, 138
snake. see serpent
sodomy
1, 20n32, 46, 87n2, 89n10, 89n12, 91, 92n23, 97, 98, 114, 115, 116, 234n8, 249n40, 255n68, 263
sorcerer
155n73
sparrow
48–49
sparrow-hawk
214, 225
Sphinx
36, 211
stork
200
Stubbe, Peeter
155n73
swan
14, 107, 108, 109n7, 111, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 258, 259
Swan Children
108, 109n8, 113, 126, 134–135, 136, 137, 138
Swan Knight
106, 108, 109n8
swine
75–76, 78, 82, 83, 83n32
boar
40, 77, 78, 83, 237, 242–248, 250
pig
4, 7, 36, 76, 85, 257, 258, 263, 264, 264n16
sow
36, 78, 83
taboo x, xi
, 2, 5, 7, 22, 23, 50, 78, 84, 100, 155, 193, 215, 235n9, 236, 252, 256, 261, 265, 266
Thomas of Cantimpré (Thomas Cantimpratensis), Liber de natura rerum
30, 42, 43
tiger
58–63
toad
14
torture
159–160, 162, 165
treason
8, 115, 130, 152n49, 255
unicorn
vi, 15–18, 23, 53–54, 54n11, 206n26
uterus. see womb
vagina, female genitalia
animal
19, 47
human
15, 19, 54, 223n65
venereal disease, sexually transmitted disease
7, 46, 47, 47n66, 47n68
Vincent de Beauvais (Vincent of Beauvais), Speculum naturale
31, 40–41, 205
viper
37
Völsunga saga
146, 147, 148
waq-waq tree
213
werewolf
22, 81–82, 141–165, 170n6, 190, 211, 260
wild man/woman
vi, 63n56, 129n53, 253
William of Palerne
141
witch
12, 14, 263
wolf
21, 22, 63–68, 78, 81, 82, 83–84, 142–165, 167–190, 214n47, 260, 261, 265
she-wolf
12, 78, 81, 83, 153
whelp, hwelp
169n4, 170, 174, 177, 179, 186, 188, 190
Wolf-Alice
52, 63–69
womb
41, 54, 75, 110, 111, 120, 127
“Wulf and Eadwacer”
22, 167–190
xenotransplant
50, 264
Yonec
142n5, 145n15, 209n36, 211
Zeus (Jupiter)
12, 134, 137, 258
zooarchaeology
257
zooeroticism
20, 21, 22, 24, 237n16, 241, 242, 251
zoonosis
7
zoophile
7, 8, 10, 19n29, 128
zoophilia xi, xi
n1, 35–36, 128, 257
zoosadism
7, 237