acephalous
283
adultery
363 , 366 , 366n10 , 366n11 , 366n12 , 366n13 , 366n18 , 369 , 370n37 , 371 , 371n43 , 371n45 , 372 , 373 , 373n50 , 373n54 , 373n55 , 375 , 376 , 380 , 381 , 383 , 384 , 386 , 389 , 389n136 , 395 , 396 , 397 , 398 , 399 , 400
criminal liability of adultery
369
infidelity
363
offence of adultery
363
perceptions of adultery
366
women
370n41
African identity
175
African traditions
160
Anglicised courts
272
Angu v Attah
424
apartheid
93 , 95 , 104 , 107 , 115 , 117 , 435 , 436n3 , 437n6 , 438 , 440 , 440n13 , 440n14 , 442 , 443 , 443n23 , 444 , 447 , 447n36 , 449 , 451 , 454n61 , 456 , 458 , 460 , 461 , 462n84 , 465
apartheid government
147
Bantustans.
See
“Native Reserves”
Batswana
167n100
customary law and practices
147
customary marriage
171
customary practices
163
customs
181
Law of Marriage
155
Biko, Steve
460
Bogadi
capitalism
443 , 444 , 444n28 , 445 , 446 , 446n33 , 447 , 448 , 449 , 449n42 , 450 , 451 , 453 , 454 , 455 , 456 , 456n65 , 457 , 457n67 , 457n67 , 458 , 458n72 , 459 , 459n74 , 460 , 461 , 463 , 464 , 465 , 466 , 467
racial
440
cephalous
283
certificate.
See
Registration
challenges
404
Christianity
160
Colonialism of a Special Type (cst)
443
common law
21 , 22n6 , 23 , 24 , 24n13 , 24n14 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 32n60 , 33 , 33n66 , 33n67 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 36n80 , 37 , 38 , 38n93 , 39n94 , 41 , 44 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 94 , 122 , 131 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 153 , 153n27 , 162 , 176 , 435 , 437 , 438 , 452 , 454 , 455n62 , 465 , 466
communal
63 , 80 , 227 , 259 , 260 , 261 , 313n6 , 316 , 335 , 338 , 339n130 , 342 , 343 , 346 , 349
autonomy
150
rights
177
community
93 , 94 , 96 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 108 , 109 , 112 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 148 , 149 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 157n48 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 164 , 165 , 172n133 , 173 , 173n136 , 174 , 174n147 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181
practise
149
Constitution
404 , 405n7 , 412 , 413 , 413n47 , 413n48 , 414 , 415n57 , 416 , 417 , 418n77 , 419 , 420 , 421 , 422 , 430 , 432 , 434
1996 Constitution
148 , 152 , 152n18 , 152n22 , 153 , 153n26 , 154 , 163n82 , 166 , 173 , 173n134 , 173n136 , 175 , 177 , 178 , 180n169 , 181 , 182
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 108 of 1996
147 , 435 , 437 , 437n6 , 438 , 439 , 440 , 441 , 442 , 443 , 450 , 453n54 , 454n61 , 456n65 , 463 , 464 , 465 , 466 , 467
death penalty
479
dispossession
481
Constitution of South Africa
22 , 22n2 , 22n2 , 22n7 , 23 , 23n13 , 23n13 , 23n13 , 24 , 24n13 , 24n13 , 24n13 , 24n13 , 24n14 , 25 , 25n17 , 27 , 27n26 , 28 , 29 , 31n52 , 36n83 , 42n109 , 43 , 43n118 , 50 , 52n157 , 55 , 57 , 61
right to culture
44
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
272
courts
148 , 149 , 152 , 152n18 , 153 , 153n27 , 154 , 159 , 160n64 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 172n133 , 173 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182
crime
364 , 365 , 369 , 371 , 373 , 394 , 396
Criminal law
363
criminal liability of adultery in Nigeria
369
criminal statutes
364
decriminalisation
370n41
penal code
370n41
sharia law
370n41
cultural transformation
117
culture
147 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 153n25 , 154 , 154n30 , 155 , 155n33 , 156 , 157 , 157n51 , 158 , 160 , 161 , 164 , 167n100 , 173 , 173n136 , 174 , 174n147 , 175 , 179 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 364
custom
162 , 172n133 , 176 , 178 , 180 , 435 , 436n4 , 436n5 , 439 , 440 , 440n13 , 441 , 446 , 448 , 455 , 455n62 , 456 , 457 , 458 , 463 , 464 , 464n85 , 465 , 466 , 467 , 485 , 490
customary arbitration
273n9 , 276 , 280 , 281 , 286 , 288 , 289 , 291 , 294 , 295 , 296 , 300 , 301 , 302
estoppel
286
petrification
292
survived
285
customary criminal offences
414
customary law
21 , 22 , 22n7 , 23 , 23n12 , 23n13 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 26n22 , 26n23 , 26n24 , 27 , 27n26 , 28 , 28n35 , 29 , 30 , 30n45 , 30n48 , 30n49 , 31 , 31n57 , 32 , 32n58 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 39n94 , 40 , 40n97 , 41 , 42 , 42n109 , 42n114 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 93 , 94 , 96 , 98 , 98n20 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 107 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 115 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 152 , 152n18 , 153 , 153n27 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 159 , 159n59 , 160 , 160n64 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 168 , 168n111 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172n133 , 173 , 173n136 , 173n138 , 175 , 176 , 176n150 , 177 , 178 , 178n157 , 179 , 180 , 180n167 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 274 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 278 , 279 , 292 , 297 , 298 , 299 , 300 , 301 , 435 , 437 , 438 , 439 , 439n11 , 440 , 441 , 452 , 454 , 463 , 465 , 466 , 467 , 474 , 475 , 475n1 , 476 , 477 , 478 , 479 , 481 , 482 , 483 , 484 , 486 , 487 , 488 , 489 , 490 , 491 , 492 , 493
“official”
439n11
application
274
codification
487
identity
474
illegitimate
43
inheritance.
See
succession
living
23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 26n22 , 26n23 , 28 , 29 , 29n44 , 31n57 , 34 , 39 , 45 , 46 , 55 , 96 , 96n9 , 103 , 104 , 108 , 116 , 439n11 , 475 , 475n1 , 476 , 486 , 489 , 492 , 493
marginalised
23
norms
21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 31n57 , 33 , 35 , 41 , 46 , 50 , 51 , 51n153 , 51n153 , 51n153 , 51n153 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55
oral tradition
490
ossification
25
petrify
292
Reform of Customary Law of Succession and Regulation of Related Matters Act
21 , 26n24 , 32 , 37 , 38n91 , 38n92 , 39 , 40n97 , 47 , 47n133 , 48 , 48n135 , 48n139 , 49 , 49n141 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61
right to ownership
34
self-modifying
301
social solidarity
475
societal characteristic
52
South African Law Reform Commission
39 , 39n94 , 39n97 , 40 , 40n100 , 40n101 , 40n97 , 40n98 , 41 , 41n103 , 41n104 , 41n105 , 44 , 58 , 60
succession
21 , 25 , 26 , 26n24 , 31 , 32 , 32n58 , 33 , 33n65 , 33n67 , 34 , 34n72 , 35 , 36 , 36n84 , 37 , 38 , 38n93 , 39 , 40 , 40n97 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 475n1 , 486 , 487 , 488 , 489 , 490 , 491
Tsonga law
30
ultra vires
293
unrecorded
24
Customary Law Act
404 , 404n3 , 416 , 416n65 , 416n67 , 416n68 , 416n69 , 419 , 422 , 423n100 , 423n101 , 423n97 , 423n98 , 423n99 , 427 , 432 , 434
customary law arbitration of oath-taking
281
customary marriages
93 , 95 , 97 , 98 , 103 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 149 , 154 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 164 , 174
Cyril Ramaphosa
462
developing customary laws
184
discourse.
See
values
dual legal system
404
Dualism
410
essential elements of community systems
102
European values and norms
160
go laya
172
go tshololamadi
158n53
High Courts
162
historical injustices.
See
Apartheid, colonialism
house of chiefs
412
human rights
137 , 138 , 149 , 151 , 153 , 154 , 177 , 178 , 363 , 370n39 , 370n41 , 375 , 376 , 376n63 , 376n65 , 376n67 , 376n68 , 377n72 , 377n73 , 377n74 , 378n77 , 378n80 , 378n83 , 378n86 , 379n87 , 380n94 , 380n96 , 381n98 , 382n108 , 384n115 , 384n116 , 384n117 , 386n122 , 386n124 , 387n127 , 388n133 , 390n138 , 390n139 , 390n140 , 394 , 395 , 396 , 397 , 398 , 400 , 401 , 402 , 404 , 420 , 420n87 , 421 , 422 , 425
human rights perspective
363
liberty
363
non-discrimination
370n41
right to human dignity
363
right to life
363
indigenista
231
indigenous peoples
311 , 312 , 313 , 313n8 , 314 , 314n10 , 315 , 317 , 318 , 319 , 321 , 321n43 , 323 , 324n59 , 326 , 327 , 328 , 331 , 339n130 , 340n131 , 347 , 350
Essentialism
317
ingredients of valid customary arbitration
273
interactions
117
interfaces
117
interpersonal conflict of laws
22
Intestate succession
31 , 33 , 33n65 , 33n67 , 38 , 38n91 , 41 , 44 , 47 , 47n133 , 48 , 48n138 , 49n140 , 56 , 58 , 61
invalidity.
See
validity
Islamic law
as customary law
277
Islamicarbitration
Tahkim
282
judicial precedent
290n123
judicially noticed
293
jurispathology
474
KwaZulu Act and the Natal Code
112
“lawyers customary law”
406
legal pluralism
150 , 150n12 , 151n14 , 151n15 , 151n16 , 152n24 , 164n88 , 169n117 , 177n155 , 178n158 , 179n160 , 179n161 , 179n162 , 179n163 , 180n170 , 181n171 , 182 , 183 , 185 , 272 , 273 , 439 , 439n9 , 440 , 467
combative and competitive
284
legal realists
292
marginalisation.
See discrimination
marriage
147 , 148n3 , 149 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 156n44 , 157 , 157n49 , 157n50 , 158 , 158n55 , 158n58 , 160 , 161 , 161n73 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 164n89 , 165 , 166 , 166n97 , 167 , 167n106 , 168 , 168n109 , 168n113 , 168n114 , 169 , 169n116 , 170 , 170n124 , 171 , 172 , 172n133 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 179 , 181 , 181n172 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 363 , 366n11 , 366n12 , 366n13 , 366n17 , 375n61 , 391n145 , 395 , 398 , 399 , 401 , 402
migration
160
Minerals-Energy Complex
462
misconceptions about marriage
108
modern African society
159
modern constitution
172
National Party
444
Native Land Act of 1913
447
Nigeria
cosmopolitan country
273
Nigerian
364
Ntsoane
183
Order-in-Council of May 1891
408
patriarchal
160
political economy
435 , 435n.* , 440 , 442 , 444 , 444n26 , 446 , 449 , 450 , 451 , 452 , 455 , 457 , 458 , 460 , 462 , 463 , 464 , 465 , 466 , 467
Proclamation 33 of 1943
410
proprietary rights
110
Quran
282
rcma
93 , 94 , 97 , 98n19 , 102 , 103 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 109n57 , 109n58 , 109n59 , 109n60 , 110 , 111 , 111n65 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 154 , 156 , 164 , 165 , 169
Recognition of Customary Marriages Act
28 , 30 , 30n48 , 31n52 , 32n60 , 48 , 48n138 , 52 , 56 , 61 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 98n19 , 100 , 120 , 154 , 159n61 , 162 , 184 , 186
Reform of Customary Law of Succession and Regulation of Related Matters Act
21 , 38n91 , 38n92 , 47 , 58 , 61
religious
364
rural areas
161
section 31(1) of the 1996 Constitution
153
self-determination
150
social
364
social cohesion
22
social grouping.
See
Community System
societal changes
151
South Africa
435 , 436n3 , 437 , 437n6 , 438 , 439 , 440 , 442 , 443 , 444 , 445 , 446 , 448 , 450 , 452 , 453 , 454 , 454n59 , 454n60 , 454n61 , 458 , 458n72 , 460 , 462n84 , 463 , 465 , 467
South African Communist Party
443
State
435 , 439 , 439n11 , 440 , 441 , 445 , 447 , 449 , 449n42 , 451 , 453 , 454 , 454n58 , 454n60 , 454n61 , 455 , 456 , 458 , 459 , 459n74 , 460 , 461 , 461n78 , 462 , 465 , 466
state law
25
the fundamental rights to equality and human dignity.
See
Bill of Rights
Transformative legislation
97
United Nations (UN) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
152n21
unity and diversity
21
urban areas
161
validate
109
Validity of a Customary Marriage
184
value systems.
See
Values
voluntas testatoris servanda est
33
Western civilization
christianity
160
Western societies
174
Western values
African cultural values
149
Wolpe, Harold
435 , 440 , 441 , 442 , 443 , 443n22 , 443n25 , 444 , 445 , 446 , 447 , 448 , 449 , 450 , 451 , 455 , 456 , 457 , 460 , 461 , 463 , 465 , 467
written and unwritten traditions
148