Bibliography
Manuscripts
MS Amcazade Hüseyn PaÅa 452 (1090/1680) [I]
MS Atıf Efendi 1681 (578 /1182) [â®Ø¹â¬â]
Bibliothèque nationale de France
MS 2303 (1020/1611) [â®Ø±â¬â]
MS 2304 (1065/1654) [â®Ø²â¬â]
MS 2305 (1153/1740) [D]
MS 6000 (undated?) [K]
MS 6647â6648 (675/1275) [â®Ø¯â¬â]
MS Carullah 982 (undated) [J]
MS Damat Ibrahim 808 (undated) [E]
MS Esad Efendi 3637 (ca. seventh/thirteenth cent.) [â®Ùâ¬â]
MS Esad Efendi 3638 (686/1287) [â®Ø£â¬â]
MS Feyzullah Efendi 2130 (704/1304) [â®Ùâ¬â]
MS Feyzullah Efendi 2131 (704/1304) [â®Ùâ¬â]
MS Köprülü 871 (820/1417) [â®Ùâ¬â]
MS Köprülü 870 (ca. 857â886/1453â1481) [â®Ùâ¬â]
Princeton University Library, Garrett Collection MS 4263 (956/1549) [C]
MS Raghıp PaÅa, 839 (undated) [F]
MS Raghıp PaÅa, 840 (undated) [G]
Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, MS MaVI86 (612/1215) [H]
MS Yeni Camı 1199 (887/1482) [B]
A private manuscript sold at the Sotheby auction on April 26th, 2017 (683/1284) [A]
Primary Sources
Ê¿Abd al-JabbÄr. TathbÄ«t dalÄʾil al-nubuwwa. Edited by Ê¿Abd al-KarÄ«m Ê¿UthmÄn. 2 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-Ê¿arabiyya, 1962.
Avicenna. âAqsÄm al-Ê¿ulÅ«m al-Ê¿aqliyya.â In TisÊ¿ rasÄʾil fÄ« al-ḥikma wa-l-á¹abÄ«Ê¿iyyÄt, 104â118. Cairo: DÄr al-Ê¿arab li-l-bustÄnÄ«, 1326AH.
Avicenna. Al-Mabdaʾ wa-l-maÊ¿Äd. Wisdom of Persia. Edited by Ê¿Abd AllÄh NÅ«rÄnÄ«. Tehran: Institute of Islamic Studies and Tehran University, 1984.
Avicenna. The Metaphysics of the Healing: A Parallel English-Arabic Text. Edited and translated by Michael E. Marmura. Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2004.
Al-BayhaqÄ«. TÄrikh ḥukamÄʾ al-islÄm. Edited by Muḥammad Kurd Ê¿AlÄ«. Damascus: Maá¹baÊ¿at al-taraqqÄ«, 1946.
Al-FÄrÄbÄ«. Al-Farabi on the Perfect State: AbÅ« Naá¹£r al-FÄrÄbÄ«âs MabÄdiʾ ÄrÄʾ ahl al-madÄ«na al-fÄá¸ila. Edited and translated by Richard Walzer. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.
Al-FÄrÄbÄ«. IḥṣÄʾ al-Ê¿ulÅ«m li-AbÄ« Naá¹£r al-FÄrÄbÄ«. Edited by Ê¿UthmÄn AmÄ«n. Cairo: Maá¹baÊ¿at al-saÊ¿Äda, 1931.
Al-FÄrÄbÄ«. KitÄb Taḥṣīl al-saÊ¿Äda. Edited by JaÊ¿far Äl YÄsÄ«n. Beirut: DÄr al-Andalus, 1981.
Al-GhazÄlÄ«. Al-Munqidh min al-á¸alÄl. Edited by JamÄ«l á¹¢alÄ«bÄ and KÄmil Ê¿AyyÄr. Beirut: DÄr al-Andalus, 1967.
Ibn al-Qifá¹Ä«. TÄrÄ«kh al-ḥukamÄʾ. Edited by Julius Lippert. Leipzig: Dieterichische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1903.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. The Call to God: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistle 48. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Abbas Hamdani and Abdallah Soufan. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2019.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. The Case of the Animals versus Man Before the King of the Jinn: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistle 22. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Lenn E. Goodman and Richard McGregor. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2010.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. âEdición crÃtica árabe y estudio de la RisÄlat al-Å·ÄmiÊ¿a á¸Ät al-fawÄʾid al-nÄfiÊ¿a, tÄÅ· RasÄʾil IjwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ (finales del s. IV H./X e.C., principios del s. V H./XI e.C.): Tomo II.â Edited by Mourad Kacimi. Doctoral thesis, University of Alicante, 2015.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Arithmetic & Geometry: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 1â2. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Nader El-Bizri. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2013.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Astronomia: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistle 3. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Jamil F. Ragep and Taro Mimura. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2015.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Companionship and Belief: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 43â45. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Toby Mayer, Ian Richard Netton, and Samer F. Traboulsi. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2017.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Composition and the Arts: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 6â8. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Nader El-Bizri and Godefroid de Callataÿ. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2018.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Ethics and Character Traits: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistle 9. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Omar AlÃ-de-Unzaga. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2024.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Geography: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistle 4. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Ignacio Sánchez and James Montgomery. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2014.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On God and the World: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 49â51. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Wilferd Madelung, Cyril Uy II, Carmela Baffioni, and Nuha Alshaar. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2019.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Life, Death, and Languages: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 29â31. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Eric Ormsby. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2021.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Logic: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 10â14. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Carmela Baffioni. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2010.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Magic: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistle 52, Part 1. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Godefroid de Callataÿ and Bruno Halflants. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2011.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On Music: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistle 5. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Owen Wright. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2011.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. On the Natural Sciences: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 15â21. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Carmela Baffioni. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2013.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ wa-KhullÄn al-WafÄʾ. Edited by Buá¹rus al-BustÄnÄ«. 4 vols. Beirut: DÄr á¹¢Ädir, 1957.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. Al-RisÄla al-jÄmiÊ¿a: TÄj RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ wa-KhullÄn al-WafÄʾ. Edited by JamÄ«l á¹¢alÄ«bÄ. 2 vols. Damascus: Maá¹baÊ¿at al-taraqqÄ«, 1949â1951.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. Al-RisÄla al-jÄmiÊ¿a: TÄj RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ wa-KhullÄn al-WafÄʾ. Edited by Muá¹£á¹afÄ GhÄlib. Beirut: DÄr al-Andalus, 1974.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. RisÄlat JÄmiÊ¿at al-jÄmiÊ¿a li-IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ wa-KhullÄn al-WafÄʾ. Edited by Ê¿Ärif TÄmir. Beirut: DÄr Maktabat al-ḥayÄt, 1970.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. Sciences of the Soul and Intellect, PartI: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 32â36. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Paul E. Walker, David Simonowitz, Ismail K. Poonawala, and Godefroid de Callataÿ. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2016.
IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ. Sciences of the Soul and Intellect, PartIII: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 39â41. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Edited and translated by Carmela Baffioni and Ismail K. Poonawala. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2017.
Al-KindÄ«. âRisÄlat al-KindÄ« fÄ« kammiyyat kutub Arisá¹Å«á¹ÄlÄ«s wa-mÄ yuḥtÄj ilayhi fÄ« taḥṣīl al-falsafa.â In RasÄʾil al-KindÄ« al-falsafiyya, edited by Muḥammad AbÅ« RÄ«da, 363â384. Cairo: DÄr al-fikr al-Ê¿arabÄ«, 1950.
Al-KirmÄnÄ«. RÄḥat al-Ê¿aql. Edited by Muá¹£á¹afÄ GhÄlib. Beirut: DÄr al-Andalus, 1983.
Khosrow, NÄá¹£ir-i. KitÄb JÄmiÊ¿ al-ḥikmatayn. Edited by Henry Corbin and Muḥammad MuÊ¿Ä«n. Tehran and Paris: Shirkat golshan, 1953.
Pseudo-MajrÄ«á¹Ä«. âPicatrix:â Das Ziel des Weisen von Pseudo-MaÄrÄ«á¹Ä«. Translated by Helmut Ritter and Martin Plessner. London: The Warburg Institute and University of London, 1962.
Pseudo-MajrÄ«á¹Ä«. Rutbat al-ḥakÄ«m: The Book of the Rank of the Sage. Edited by Wilferd Madelung. Zürich: Living Human Heritage Publications, 2016.
Pseudo-MajrÄ«á¹Ä«. Das Ziel des Weisen. Studien der Bibliothek Warburg. Edited by Helmut Ritter. Leipzig and Berlin: B.G. Teubner, 1933.
Al-á¹¢afadÄ«. KitÄb al-WÄfÄ« bi-l-wafiyyÄt, vol. 15. 2nd ed. Edited by Bernd Radtke. Beirut: Institut der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1991.
á¹¢ÄÊ¿id al-AndalusÄ«. KitÄb ṬabaqÄt al-umam. Edited by Louis Cheikho. Beirut: Al-Maá¹baÊ¿a al-kathÅ«lÄ«kiyya li-l-ÄbÄʾ al-yasÅ«Ê¿iyyÄ«n, 1912.
Al-SijistÄnÄ«. The Muntakhab á¹¢iwÄn al-ḥikmah of AbÅ« SulaimÄn as-SijistÄnÄ«: Arabic Text, Introduction and Indices. Edited by D.M. Dunlop. Hague, Paris, and New York: Mouton, 1979.
Al-TawḥīdÄ«. KitÄb al-ImtÄÊ¿ wa-l-muʾÄnasa. Edited by Aḥmad AmÄ«n and Aḥmad al-Zayn. 3 vols. Beirut: DÄr Maktabat al-ḥayÄt, 1939â1944.
Secondary Literature
Adamson, Peter. âAbÅ« MaÊ¿Å¡ar, al-KindÄ« and the Philosophical Defense of Astrology.â Recherches de théologie et philosophie médievales 69 (2002): 245â270.
Adamson, Peter. Al-Kindī. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Adamson, Peter. âThe Kindian Tradition: The Structure of Philosophy in Arabic Neoplatonism.â In The Libraries of the Neoplatonists, edited by Cristina DâAncona, 351â370. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
Adamson, Peter. âPhilosophical Theology.â In The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology, edited by Sabine Schmidtke, 297â312. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
AlÃ-de-Unzaga, Omar. âThe Missing Link: MS 1040: An Important Copy of the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ in the Collection of the Institute of Ismaili Studies.â In Texts, Scribes and Transmission: Manuscript Cultures of the Ismaili Communities and Beyond, edited by Wafi A. Momin, 81â136. London: I.B. Tauris, 2022.
Almutawa, Shatha. âEducation through Narrative in RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change, edited by Sebastian Günther, 389â403. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2020.
Alshaar, Nuha A. Ethics in Islam: Friendship in the Political Thought of al-Tawḥīdī and His Contemporaries. New York: Routledge, 2015.
Awa, Adel. Lâesprit critique des âFrères de la Puretéâ: Encyclopédistes arabes du IVe/Xe siècle. Beirut: Imprimerie catholique, 1948.
Baffioni, Carmela. âCitazioni di autori antichi nelle Rasail degli Ikhwan al-Safa: il caso di Nicomacho di Gerasa.â In The Ancient Tradition in Christian and Islamic Hellenism: Studies on the Transmission of Greek Philosophy and Sciences Dedicated to H.J. Drossaart Lulofs on His Ninetieth Birthday, edited by Gerhard Endress and Remke Kruk, 3â27. Leiden: Research School CNWS, 1997.
Baffioni, Carmela. âEléments platoniciens et néo-platoniciens de la représentation dâAdam dans la JÄmiÊ¿a al-JÄmiÊ¿a.â In Adorare caelestia, gubernare terrena: Atti del colloquio internazionale in onore di Paolo Lucentini (Napoli, 6â7 Novembre 2007), edited by Pasquale Arfé, Irene Caiazzo, and Antonella Sannino. Instrumenta patristica et mediaevalia, 99â112. Turnhout: Brepols, 2011.
Baffioni, Carmela. âEmbryology in an IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ« Messianic Context: The Manuscript Tradition of the IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Studia graeco-arabica 8 (2018): 167â180.
Baffioni, Carmela. âEpistle 48 of the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and Their IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ« Commitment.â In Case Studies in Transmission, edited by Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, Ilkka Lindstedt, Raija Mattila, and Robert Rollinger, 11â21. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, 2015.
Baffioni, Carmela. âThe Esoteric Meaning of the Sin of Adam in the Manuscript Tradition of the RasÄʾil IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Studi Magrebini 20, no. 1 (2022): 3â28.
Baffioni, Carmela. âEsoteric ShÄ«Ê¿ism in the Additions to Ancient Manuscripts of the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In Lâésotérisme shiÊ¿ite, ses racines et ses prolongements (ShiÊ¿i Esotericism: Its Roots and Developments), edited by Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi, Maria De Cillis, Daniel De Smet, and Orkhan Mir-Kasimov, 281â326. Turnhout and Bristol: Brepols, 2016.
Baffioni, Carmela. âAn Essay on Terminological Research in Philosophy: The âFriends of Godâ in the RasÄʾil IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In Scritti in onore di Giovanni Oman, edited by Carmela Baffioni, Giuseppina Igonetti, and Vincenzo Strika. Studi Magrebini, 23â43. Naples: Istituto universitario orientale, 2002.
Baffioni, Carmela. âLa Figure dâadam dans la JÄmiÊ¿a al-JÄmiÊ¿a.â In Adam, le premier homme, edited by Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, 115â134. Florence: SISMEL edizioni del Galluzzo, 2012.
Baffioni, Carmela. âThe Figure of IblÄ«s in the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ-Related Esoteric Literature.â In Raison et quête de la sagesse: Hommage à Christian Jambet, edited by Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi, 113â141. Turnhout: Brepols, 2020.
Baffioni, Carmela. Frammenti e testimonianze di autori antichi nelle Epistole degli IḫwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄʾ. Rome: Istituto Nazionale per la Storia Antica, 1994.
Baffioni, Carmela. âFrom Sense Perception to the Vision of God: A Path Toward Knowledge According to the IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 8 (1998): 213â231.
Baffioni, Carmela. âIbdÄÊ¿, Divine Imperative and Prophecy in the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In Fortresses of the Intellect: Ismaili and Other Islamic Studies in Honour of Farhad Daftary, edited by Omar AlÃ-de-Unzaga, 213â226. London and New York: I.B. Tauris and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2011.
Baffioni, Carmela. âIkhwân al-Safâʾ.â In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, 2008.
Baffioni, Carmela. âLâinfluence des IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ sur la minéralogie de ḤamÄ«d al-DÄ«n al-KirmÄnÄ«.â In Une lumière venue dâailleurs: Héritages et ouvertures dans les encyclopédies dâOrient et dâOccident au Moyen Ãge, edited by Godefroid de Callataÿ and Baudouin Van den Abeele, 319â331. Turnhout: Brepols, 2008.
Baffioni, Carmela. âIsmaili Onto-Cosmological Doctrines in the Manuscript Tradition of the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Shii Studies Review 3 (2019): 33â58.
Baffioni, Carmela. âAl-Madinah al-FÄá¸ilah in al-FÄrÄbÄ« and in the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ: A Comparison.â In Studies in Arabic and Islam: Proceedings of the 19th Congress, Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Halle 1998, edited by S. Leder, H. Kilpatrick, B. Martel-Thoumian, and H. Schönig, 3â12. Leuven: Peeters, 2002.
Baffioni, Carmela. âNÄá¹£ir-i Khosrow, Translator of the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ?â In Sources and Approaches across Disciplines in Near Eastern Studies: Proceedings of the 24th Congress, Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Leipzig 2008, edited by Verena Klemm and Nuha al-ShaÊ¿ar, 319â331. Leuven: Peeters, 2013.
Baffioni, Carmela. âOnto-Cosmology and Hierohistory in the Manuscript Tradition of the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In Intellectual Interactions in the Islamic World: The Ismaili Thread, edited by Orkhan Mir-Kasimov, 193â218. London: I.B. Tauris and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2019.
Baffioni, Carmela. âThe Religious Approach to Natural Sciences: The Case of Mineralogy in the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and in ḤamÄ«d al-DÄ«n al-KirmÄnÄ«.â In Islamic Thought in the Middle Ages: Studies in Text, Transmission and Translation, in Honour of Hans Daiber, edited by Anna Akasoy and Wim Raven, 181â194. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008.
Baffioni, Carmela. âTemporal and Religious Connotations of the âRegal Policyâ in the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Mélanges de lâUniversité Saint-Joseph 57 (2004): 337â366.
Baffioni, Carmela. âUso e rielaborazione degli autori classici nella RisÄla al-ǦÄmiÊ¿a.â In La diffusione dellâeredità classica nellâetà tardoantica e medievale: Filologia, storia, dottrina: Atti del Seminario nazionale di studio (Napoli-Sorrento, 29â31 ottobre 1998), edited by Carmela Baffioni, 1â10. Alessandria: Edizioni dellâOrso, 2000.
Bausani, Alessandro. Lâenciclopedia dei Fratelli della Purità : Riassunto, con introduzione e breve commento dei 52 trattati o epistole degli IkhwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄʾ. Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale, 1978.
Bergé, Marc. âÃpitre sur les sciences dâAbÅ« ḤayyÄn al-TawḥīdÄ«: Introduction, traduction, glossaire technique, manuscrit et édition critique.â Bulletin dâétudes orientales 18 (1964): 241â300.
Biesterfeldt, Hinrich. âArabisch-islamische Enzyklopädien: Formen und Funktionen.â In Die Enzyklopädie im Wandel vom Hochmittelalter bis zur frühen Neuzeit: Akten des Kolloquiums des Projekts D im Sonderforschungsbereich 231 (29.11.â1.12.1996), edited by Christel Meier, 43â83. Munich: Wilhelm Fink, 2002.
Biesterfeldt, Hinrich. âMedieval Arabic Encyclopedias of Science and Philosophy.â In The Medieval Hebrew Encyclopedias of Science and Philosophy: Proceedings of the Bar-Ilan University Conference, edited by Steven Harvey. Amsterdam Studies in Jewish Thought, 77â98. Dordrecht: Springer, 2000.
van Bladel, Kevin. The Arabic Hermes: From Pagan Sage to Prophet of Science. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Bosworth, C.E. âA Pioneer Arabic Encyclopedia of the Sciences: Al-KhwÄrizmÄ«âs Keys of the Sciences.â Isis 54, no. 1 (1963): 97â111.
Burnett, Charles. âThe Planets and the Development of the Embryo.â In The Human Embryo: Aristotle and the Arabic and European Traditions, edited by G.R. Dunstan, 95â112. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1990.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. âAstrology and Prophecy: The IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and the Legend of the Seven Sleepers.â In Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences in Honour of David Pingree, edited by Charles Burnett, Jan P. Hogendijk, Kim Plofker, and Michio Yano, 758â785. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2004.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. âBrethren of Purity.â In Encyclopaedia of Islam Three, edited by Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Abdallah Nawas, and D. J. Stewart. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. âThe Classification of Knowledge in the RasÄʾil.â In The IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and Their RasÄʾil: An Introduction, edited by Nader El-Bizri. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity, 58â82. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2008.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. âFrom Ibn Masarra to Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«: References, Shibboleths and Other Subtle Allusions to the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ in the Literature of al-Andalus.â In Labor limae: Atti in onore di Carmela Baffioni, edited by Antonella Straface, Carlo De Angelo, and Andrea Manzo, 217â268. Naples: Centro di studi maÄ¡rebini, 2014â2015.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. Ikhwan al-Safaʾ: A Brotherhood of Idealists on the Fringe of Orthodox Islam. Makers of the Muslim World. New York: Oneworld Publications, 2006.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. âMagia en al-Andalus: RasÄʾil IjwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ, Rutbat al-ḥakÄ«m y GÄyat al-ḥakÄ«m (Picatrix).â Al-Qaná¹ara 34, no. 2 (2013): 297â344.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid. âPhilosophy and BÄá¹inism in al-Andalus: Ibn Masarraâs RisÄlat al-IÊ¿tibÄr and the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 41 (2014): 261â312.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid, and Sébastien Moureau. âAgain on Maslama Ibn QÄsim al-Qurá¹ubÄ«, the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and Ibn KhaldÅ«n: New Evidence from Two Manuscripts of Rutbat al-ḥakÄ«m.â Al-Qaná¹ara 37, no. 2 (2016): 329â372.
de Callataÿ, Godefroid, and Sébastien Moureau. âA Milestone in the History of AndalusÄ« BÄá¹inism: Maslama b. QÄsim al-Qurá¹ubÄ«âs Riḥla in the East.â Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 5 (2017): 86â117.
Carusi, Paola. âAlchimia islamica e felicità nella RisÄla ÄÄmiÊ¿a: Inalterabilità delle sostanze e pace dellâanima.â In Le felicità nel Medioevo: Atti del Convegno della Società italiana per lo studio del pensiero medievale (S.I.S.P.M.), Milano, 12â13 settembre 2003, edited by Maria Bettetini and Francesco D. Paparella, 277â296. Louvain-la-Neuve: Fédération internationale des instituts dâétudes médiévales, 2005.
Carusi, Paola. âAlchimia islamica e religione: La legittimazione difficile di una scienza della natura.â Oriente Moderno 19, no. 3 (2000): 461â502.
Casanova, Paul. âUne date astronomique dans les épîtres des Ikhwân aá¹£-á¹¢afâ.â Journal Asiatique 5 (1915): 5â17.
Casanova, Paul. âNotice sur un manuscrit de la secte des assasins.â Journal Asiatique 11 (1898): 151â159.
Corbin, Henry. Histoire de la philosophie islamique,I: Des origines jusquâà la mort dâAverroës (1198). Paris: Gallimard, 1964.
Daftary, Farhad. The IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ«s: Their History and Doctrines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
De Smet, Daniel. âLâauteur des RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ selon les sources ismaéliennes á¹ayyibites.â Shii Studies Review 1, no. 1â2 (2017): 151â166.
De Smet, Daniel. âLa doctrine avicennienne des deux faces de lââme et ses racines ismaéliennes.â Studia Islamica 93 (2001): 77â89.
De Smet, Daniel. âEsotericism and Exotericism.â In Encyclopaedia of Islam Three, edited by Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, and Denis Matringe. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
De Smet, Daniel. âHenry Corbin et les études ismaéliennes.â In Henry Corbin: Philosophies et sagesses des religions du livre: Actes du colloque âHenry Corbinâ, Sorbonne, les 6â8 novembre 2003, edited by Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi, Christian Jambet, and Pierre Lory. Bibliothèque de lâÃcole des Hautes Ãtudes, 105â118. Turnhout: Brepols, 2005.
De Smet, Daniel. âIsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ« Theology.â In The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology, edited by Sabine Schmidtke, 313â324. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
De Smet, Daniel. La philosophie ismaélienne: Un ésotérisme chiite entre néoplatonisme et gnose. Paris: Les Ãditions du Cerf, 2012.
De Smet, Daniel. La quiétude de lâIntellect: Néoplatonisme et gnose ismaélienne dans lâÅuvre de Ḥamîd al-Dîn al-Kirmânî. Leuven: Peeters, 1995.
De Smet, Daniel. âLa RisÄla al-JÄmiÊ¿a attribuée aux IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ: Un précurseur de lâismaélisme á¹ayyibite ?â. In Labor limae: Atti in onore di Carmela Baffioni, edited by Antonella Straface, Carlo De Angelo, and Andrea Manzo, 269â298. Naples: Centro di studi maÄ¡rebini, 2014â2015.
De Smet, Daniel. âYves Marquet, les IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ et le pythagorisme.â Journal Asiatique 295 (2007): 491â500.
Dieterici, Friedrich. Die Philosophie der Araber imIX. undX. Jahrhundert n. Chr. aus der Theologie des Aristoteles, den Abhandlungen AlfÄrÄbÄ«s und den Schriften der Lautern Brüder: Erstes Buch: Einleitung und Mikrokosmos (die Welt). Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs, 1876.
Diwald, Susanne. Arabische Philosophie und Wissenschaft in der Enzyklopädie: KitÄb IḫwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄʾ (III): Die Lehre von Seele und Intellekt. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1975.
Ebstein, Michael. Mysticism and Philosophy in al-Andalus: Ibn Masarra, Ibn al-Ê¿ArabÄ« and the IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ« Tradition. Islamic History and Civilization, 103. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2014.
El-Bizri, Nader (ed.). The IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and Their RasÄʾil: An Introduction. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2008.
El-Bizri, Nader. âPrologue.â In The IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and Their RasÄʾil: An Introduction, edited by Nader El-Bizri. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity, 1â32. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2008.
Endress, Gerhard. âThe Cycle of Knowledge: Intellectual Traditions and Encyclopædias of the Rational Sciences in Arabic Islamic Hellenism.â In Organizing Knowledge: Encyclopædic Activities in the Pre-Eighteenth Century Islamic World, edited by Gerhard Endress, 103â133. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
Endress, Gerhard. âMathematics and Philosophy in Medieval Islam.â In The Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives, edited by Jan P. Hogendijk and Abdelhamid I. Sabra, 121â176. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.
van Ess, Josef. âEncyclopædic Activities in the Islamic World: A Few Questions, and No Answers.â In Organizing Knowledge: Encyclopædic Activities in the Pre-Eighteenth Century Islamic World, edited by Gerhard Endress, 3â22. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
Fierro, Maribel. âBÄá¹inism in al-Andalus: Maslama b. QÄsim al-Qurá¹ubÄ« (d. 353/964), Author of the Rutbat al-ḤakÄ«m and the GhÄyat al-ḤakÄ«m (Picatrix).â Studia Islamica 84, no. 2 (1996): 87â112.
Flügel, Gustav. âUeber Inhalt und Verfasser der arabischen Encyclopädie â®Ø±Ø³Ø§Ø¦Ù اخÙا٠اÙصÙا ÙØ®Ùا٠اÙÙÙاâ¬â d.i. die Abhandlungen der aufrichtigen Brüder und treuen Freunde: Nebst Andeutungen über die Einrichtungen des Bundes der verbrüderten.â Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 13, no. 1/2 (1859): 1â43.
Goldziher, Ignaz. âÃber die Benennung der âIchwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾâ.â Der Islam 1 (1910): 22â26.
Gutas, Dimitri. Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition: Introduction to Reading Avicennaâs Philosophical Works: Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition, Including an Inventory of Avicennaâs Authentic Works. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2014.
Gutas, Dimitri. âThe Greek and Persian Background of Early Arabic Encyclopedism.â In Organizing Knowledge: Encyclopædic Activities in the Pre-Eighteenth Century Islamic World, edited by Gerhard Endress, 91â101. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2006.
Gutas, Dimitri. âPaul the Persian on the Classification of the Parts of Aristotleâs Philosophy: A Milestone between Alexandria and BaÄ¡dâd.â Der Islam 1 (1983): 22â26.
Hamdani, Abbas. âAbÅ« ḤayyÄn al-TawḥīdÄ« and the Brethren of Purity.â International Journal of Middle East Studies 9, no. 3 (1978): 345â353.
Hamdani, Abbas. âThe Arrangement of the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and the Problem of Interpolations.â In The IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and Their RasÄʾil: An Introduction, edited by Nader El-Bizri. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity, 83â100. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2008.
Hamdani, Abbas. âBrethren of Purity, a Secret Society for the Establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate: New Evidence for the Early Dating of Their Encyclopaedia.â In LâEgypte fatimide: Son art et son histoire, edited by Marianne Barrucand, 73â82. Paris: Presses de lâUniversité Paris-Sorbonne, 1999.
Hamdani, Abbas. âAn Early FÄá¹imid Source on the Time and Authorship of the âRasÄʾil IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.ââ Arabica 26, no. 1 (1979): 62â75.
Hamdani, Abbas. âThe IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ: Between al-KindÄ« and al-FÄrÄbÄ«.â In Fortresses of the Intellect: Ismaili and Other Islamic Studies in Honour of Farhad Daftary, edited by Omar AlÃ-de-Unzaga, 189â212. London and New York: I.B. Tauris and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2011.
Hamdani, Abbas. âShades of ShiÊ¿ism in the Tracts of the Brethren of Purity.â In Traditions in Contact and Change: Selected Proceedings of theXIVth Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions, edited by Peter Slater and Donald Wiebe, 447â460. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1983.
Hamdani, Husain F. âRasÄʾil IkhwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄʾ in the Literature of the IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ« ṬayibÄ« DaÊ¿wat.â Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des Islamischen Orients 20 (1932): 281â300.
Hein, Christel. Definition und Einteilung der Philosophie: Von der spätantiken Einleitungsliteratur zur arabischen Enzyklopädie. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1985.
Heinrichs, Wolfhart. âThe Classification of the Sciences and the Consolidation of Philology in Classical Islam.â In Centres of Learning: Learning and Location in Pre-Modern Europe and the Near East, edited by Jan Willem Drijvers and Alasdair A. MacDonald, 119â139. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
Irwin, Robert. âThe Arabic Beast Fable.â Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 55 (1992): 36â50.
Ivanow, Wladimir A. A Guide to Ismaili Literature. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1933.
Ivry, Alfred L. Al-Kindiâs Metaphysics: A Translation of YaÊ¿qÅ«b Ibn IsḥÄq al-KindÄ«âs Treatise âOn First Philosophyâ (fÄ« al-Falsafah al-ŪlÄ). Albany: State University of New York Press, 1974.
Kacimi, Mourad. âEdición crÃtica árabe y estudio de la RisÄlat al-Å·ÄmiÊ¿a á¸Ät al-fawÄʾid al-nÄfiÊ¿a, tÄÅ· RasÄʾil IjwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ (finales del s. IV H./X e.C., principios del s. V H./XI e.C.): Tomo I.â Doctoral thesis, University of Alicante, 2015.
Kacimi, Mourad. âReflexiones sobre la relación de la RisÄlat ÄÄmiÊ¿at al-ÄÄmiÊ¿a con los IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â eHumanista/IVITRA 8 (2015): 328â338.
Kraemer, Joel L. Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam: The Cultural Revival during the Buyid Age. Leiden: Brill, 1986.
Kraemer, Joel L. Philosophy in the Renaissance of Islam: AbÅ« SulaymÄn al-SijistÄnÄ« and His Circle. Leiden: Brill, 1986.
Krinis, Ehud. âAl-RisÄla al-JÄmiÊ¿a and Its Judeo-Arabic Manuscript.â In Islam: Identité et altérité: Hommage à Guy Monnot,O.P., edited by Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi. Bibliothèque de lâÃcole des Hautes Ãtudes: Sciences Religieuses, 311â329. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
Kukkonen, Taneli. âAl-GhazÄlÄ« on the Origins of Ethics.â Numen 63 (2016): 271â298.
Madelung, Wilferd. âḲarmaá¹Ä«.â In Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, 1071â1076. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
Madelung, Wilferd. âMaslama al-Qurá¹ubÄ«âs Contribution to the Shaping of the Encyclopedia of the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In Labor limae: Studi in onore di Carmela Baffioni, edited by Antonella Straface, Carlo De Angelo, and Andrea Manzo, 403â417. Naples: Centro di studi maÄ¡rebini, 2014â2015.
Marquet, Yves. â910 en IfrÄ«qiyÄ: Une épître des IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Bulletin dâétudes orientales 30 (1978): 61â73.
Marquet, Yves. âLa détermination astrale de lâévolution selon les Frères de la pureté.â Bulletin dâétudes orientales 44 (1992): 127â146.
Marquet, Yves. âLes épîtres des Ikhwân as-Safâʾ, Åuvre ismaïlienne.â Studia Islamica 61 (1985): 57â79.
Marquet, Yves. Les âFrères de la puretéâ, pythagoriciens de lâIslam: La marque du pythagorisme dans la rédaction des Ãpîtres des IḫwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄʾ. Paris: Textes et travaux de Chrysopaiea, 2006.
Marquet, Yves. âIḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ, ismaïliens et qarmaá¹es.â Arabica 24 (1977): 233â257.
Marquet, Yves. âIkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, 1071â1076. Leiden: Brill, 1968.
Marquet, Yves. âNote annexe: à propos dâun poème ismaïlien dans les épîtres des IḫwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Studia Islamica 55 (1982): 137â142.
Marquet, Yves. La philosophie des alchimistes et lâalchimie des philosophes: Jâbir Ibn Ḥayyân et les âFrères de la Puretéâ. Paris: Maisonneuve and Larose, 1988.
Marquet, Yves. La Philosophie des IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ: Nouvelle édition augmentée. Paris and Milan: S.Ã.H.A and Archè, 1999.
Mattila, Janne. âThe Authorship of al-RisÄla l-ǦÄmiÊ¿a Re-Examined.â Arabica 68, no. 5â6 (2021): 461â494.
Mattila, Janne. âFihrist of the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ: Textual Variants and Their Relation to al-RisÄla al-JÄmiÊ¿a.â Micrologus 33 (2025): 249â274.
Mattila, Janne. âThe IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ on Religious Diversity.â Journal of Islamic Studies 28, no. 2 (2017): 178â192.
Mattila, Janne. âThe Philosophical Worship of the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Journal of Islamic Studies 27, no. 1 (2016): 17â38.
Mattila, Janne. âSabians, the School of al-KindÄ«, and the Brethren of Purity.â In Religious Identities in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, edited by Ilkka Lindstedt, Nina Nikki, and Riikka Tuori. Studies on the Children of Abraham, 92â114. Leiden: Brill, 2021.
Mattila, Janne. âUtopia.â In The Routledge Companion of Islamic Ethics, edited by Mohammed Ghaly. New York: Routledge, forthcoming.
Michot, Yahya Jean. âMisled and Misleading ⦠Yet Central in Their Influence: Ibn Taymiyyaâs Views on the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In The IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and Their RasÄʾil: An Introduction, edited by Nader El-Bizri. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity, 139â179. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2008.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ, al-BÄ«rÅ«nÄ«, and Ibn SÄ«nÄ. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964.
Netton, Ian Richard. âBrotherhood Versus ImÄmate: IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and the IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ«s.â Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 2 (1980): 253â262.
Netton, Ian Richard. Muslim Neoplatonists: An Introduction to the Thought of the Brethren of Purity (IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ). Islamic Surveys. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.
Nokso-Koivisto, Inka. âMicrocosm-Macrocosm Analogy in RasÄʾil IkhwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄʾ and Certain Related Texts.â Doctoral thesis, University of Helsinki, 2014.
Organizing Knowledge: Encyclopædic Activities in the Pre-Eighteenth Century Islamic World. Edited by Gerhard Endress. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
Pines, Shlomo. âShÄ«Ê¿ite Terms and Conceptions in Judah Haleviâs Kuzari.â Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 2 (1980): 156â251.
Plessner, Martin. âHermes Trismegistus and Arab Science.â Studia Islamica 2 (1954): 45â59.
Poonawala, Ismail K. âWhy We Need an Arabic Critical Edition with an Annotated English Translation of the RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â In The IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ and Their RasÄʾil: An Introduction, edited by Nader El-Bizri. Epistles of the Brethren of Purity, 33â57. Oxford: Oxford University Press and the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2008.
Richter, Gustav. Studien zur Geschichte der älteren arabischen Fürstenspiegel. Leipzig: Heinrichs, 1932.
Rosenthal, Franz. Aḥmad b. aá¹-Ṭayyib as-Saraḫsî. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1943.
Rudolph, Ulrich. Islamische Philosophie: Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Munich: C.H. Beck, 2004.
Rudolph, Ulrich. âReflections on al-FÄrÄbÄ«âs MabÄdiʾ ÄrÄʾ ahl al-madÄ«na al-fÄá¸ila.â In In the Age of al-FÄrÄbÄ«: Arabic Philosophy in the Fourth/Tenth Century, edited by Peter Adamson, 1â14. London: The Warburg Institute, 2008.
Saif, Liana. âIkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾâs Religious Reform and Magic: Beyond the IsmaÊ¿ili Hypothesis.â Journal of Islamic Studies 30, no. 1 (2019): 34â68.
Sorabji, Richard. The Philosophy of the Commentators, 200â600AD: A Sourcebook: VolumeI: Psychology (with Ethics and Religion). Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 2004.
Stern, Samuel Miklos. âThe Authorship of the Epistles of the IkhwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Islamic Culture 20 (1946): 367â372.
Stern, Samuel Miklos. âNew Information About the Authors of the âEpistles of the Sincere Brethrenâ.â Islamic Studies 3 (1964): 405â428.
Stroumsa, Sarah, and Sara Sviri. âThe Beginnings of Mystical Philosophy in al-Andalus: Ibn Masarra and His Epistle on Contemplation.â Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 36 (2001): 201â252.
Takim, Liyakat N. The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shiʿite Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006.
Tibawi, Abdul Latif. âIkhwÄn aá¹£-á¹¢afÄ and Their RasÄʾil: A Critical Review of a Century and a Half of Research.â Islamic Quarterly 2 (1955): 28â46.
de Vaulx dâArcy, Guillaume. âAḥmad b. al-Ṭayyib al-SaraḫsÄ«, réviseur de Lâintroduction arithmétique de Nicomaque de Gérase et rédacteur des RasÄʾil IḫwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ.â Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 29, no. 2 (2019): 261â283.
de Vaulx dâArcy, Guillaume. âThe Epistles of the Brethren of Purity Edited by the Institute of Ismaili Studies: When the Re-Edition of a Text Can Be Its Destruction.â Mélanges de lâInstitut dominicain dâétudes orientales 34 (2019): 253â330.
de Vaulx dâArcy, Guillaume. Les Ãpîtres des Frères en Pureté (RasÄʾil IkhwÄn al-á¹¢afÄʾ): Mathématique et philosophie: Présentation et traduction de six épîtres. Paris: Les Belles lettres, 2019.
Wagner, Ewald. âSprechende Tiere in der arabischen Prosa.â Asiatische Studien: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft 48, no. 3 (1994): 937â957.
Walker, Paul. âBÄá¹iniyya.â In Encyclopaedia of Islam Three, edited by Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, and Denis Matringe. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
Walker, Paul. Early Philosophical Shiism: The Ismaili Neoplatonism of AbÅ« YaÊ¿qÅ«b al-SijistÄnÄ«. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Westerink, Leendert G. âThe Alexandrian Commentators and the Introductions to Their Commentaries.â In Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and Their Influence, edited by Richard Sorabji, 325â348. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.