Index of Subjects
Abalidios
379
Abibos
379
Abraham
132–33, 149, 364, 369, 399
Activist
.
see Zealots
Acts of the Apostles
historicity of
245
ignorance of Jewish history in
245–46
local color in
243, 244, 243
Adam
375
Aelia Capitolina
19, 39, 54.
Jerusalem
Aelius Aristides, statue of in Smyrna
273n27
Aeschylus
4
Agrippa II
129
Ahasuerus
66
Akedah
364
Akmoneia
242
Akra
25–26
Alcimus, high priest
23, 25–27
Alexander (son of Herod)
58
Alexander Balas
26
Alexander Jannaeus
151–53
Alexandra
72–73
Alexandria
182, 185, 208, 212, 213, 253, 255, 258, 303, 336, 340, 345–46, 350, 356, 391
Alexandrian Christianity
336
donative inscription from
269
Alexas (Herod’s brother-in-law)
60–61, 64, 70
Allegory
348, 352
Amanus, Mt.
141
Amida (on the Tigris)
314
Amidah
220n30
Anagraphai
126n9
Ananias, high priest
29
Anarchy
183
Anaxagoras
133
Ancyra, church council at
272n22
Animals
78–86
Animosity
8, 297–98, 299, 308
Antioch in Pisidia
244n5, 245n8, 246–50
Antioch in Syria
251, 308–9, 321, 391
persecution of Jews in
260
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
17, 23, 48, 362, 364–65, 370, 375, 377–78
Antiochus III
254
Antipas (Herod’s son)
58, 60–61
Antisemitism
4, 395–400, 402, 404
Antonianos
379
Antoninus
189, 194–97
Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius
171, 189
Antoninus Pius
41, 42
Antony
73
Aphrodisias
247, 272, 286n73
Apocalyptic
Jewish revival post-70
205
Jewish revival sixth–eighth centuries
220n29
Roman
218–19
Apocalypse
18, 20.
End of days
Apollo
8
Apollonius, martyr, speech ascribed to
275n33
Apologetic
78, 301
Apostasy
excluded by Christ’s prohibition of idolatry
276–77
transition of Christians to Jewish congregations as
287–88
under compulsion
284, 285
voluntary
280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 287
Aquila of Pontus
269, 269n11, 290n77, 331n52
Aquileia
306, 307
Ar
112
Arabia
6, 141–54.
Province of Arabia
Arabic
115, 118, 141–54
Aramaic
114, 117, 118
Archelaus (Herod’s son)
60–61, 245
Archisynagogues
248.
Synagogues
Aretas
143, 145, 146, 151
Aristo of Pella
300
Aristobulus (Herod’s son)
58
Aristocracy
17, 22–23, 32, 180–81.
Faction, aristocratic; High priesthood; Jewish aristocracy; Old guard
Aristotle
85, 298
Armenians
151
Ascalon
5, 81
Ascetic
197–98
Asclepiades, Christian in Smyrna
274
Asia Minor
17, 269, 270, 278n38, 309
contact with Judea/Palaestina, Christian
281
Jewish
269, 283–84, 291
pagan
281
Athenians
5, 7
Athens
185
Augustine of Hippo
220, 332
Augustus
60–61, 149n, 150n, 151n, 152, 246, 258
Avidius Cassius
11
Babatha
168, 171, 173
Babylon
17, 108n3
exile
187–88
Jewish settlers from, in Asia Minor
254–55
Bacchides
25
Bacchus
379
Bakos
370, 379
Bandits
.
see Brigands
Bar Kokhba rebellion
5, 13–14, 15, 19–21, 34–35, 38–57, 211, 213, 214, 216, 395, 396
opposition to
15, 34–35
Bardaisan
84
Barnabas
.
see Paul
2 Baruch
203–8
Basil of Caesarea
339, 341, 347, 350, 352
Baucis
82, 84
Beirut
148
Ben Sira
298
Berossus
124, 127–29
Bethlehem
306
Beth She’arim
269, 284n53
Beth Zur
25
Bible
391, 399–400, 403
Biblical children of Israel
89
Biblical Hebrew
.
see under Hebrew
Biblical lands
20.
Israel
Biblical verses
31, 33
Birds
78, 79, 81
Bishop(s)
197
BJ
.
see Josephus, Flavius
Blesilla
323
Bostra
142n8
Boule, bouleutes
188–89
Bouleuterion
193
Bride of Christ
354
Brigands, brigandage
146–48, 151–52
Britain (nineteenth century)
382–84, 388–90, 394, 400–401, 403–4
Brubatios
379
Business
310–11
Caesarea Maritima
259, 269, 279, 283–84, 289n76, 291
Caesarea
188, 303–8, 324, 327, 349, 356–57
Calendar
157–77
Caligula
.
see Gaius
Case stories
191
Cassius Dio
19
Casus belli
3, 6, 8, 14
Categories of lineage
92–93
Celestial Venus
5
Celllula
345n
Celsus
278–79, 291
Celts
7–8
Cenobitic monachism
341
Cesare Baronio
337n61
Cestius Gallus, Gaius
31
Chalcis
306
Chemosh
113
Chios
287
Christianity
2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 297, 382, 384, 394, 395, 396, 399, 400, 402, 403–4
perceptions of Jews
267–68, 269, 271, 274–75, 276, 278, 279
Chromatius of Aquileia
338
Cicero
8–9, 87, 256, 391
Circumcision
19, 149, 286n73
ban on
38–57
City council
181–82, 189
Civil strife
.
see Conflict
Civil war
15, 22, 26–28, 28n32, 31, 33.
Conflict; Stasis
Claudius
259
Clement of Alexandria
339
Clement of Rome, a legend of
289n76
Cleopatra VII
146
Coins
89
Collegia
.
see Thiasoi
Commodus, emperor
275n33
Conflict
15–16, 20, 28
civil
15, 22, 27
internal
15–17, 20, 27, 29.
Civil war; Factionalism; Stasis
Constantine
14–15, 314, 396
Constitution
78
Controversy
300
Conventiculum
345
Conversion
299, 302, 312, 313, 383, 394, 403
Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Lucius
256
Corruption
181–82
Court
192–93
Covenant
49, 50
Crete
314
Crucifixion of Christ
396
Jews said to claim responsibility for, as merited punishment
288
Jews accused of it, as a sign of ingratitude to God
287–88
Cyprian
282, 291
Cypros (Herod’s mother)
145
Damascus
148–54
massacre of Jews at
260
Damasus (Pope)
306
Daniel
18, 364
Dates
157–77
David
109, 188, 197–98, 298, 369
Dead Sea
19, 143, 151, 152, 280–81
Debate, Christian-Jewish
267–92
Decapolis
142
Decius, emperor
270
edict of, requiring sacrifice
270
martyrdoms under
270, 278n38
Demetrius I Soter
25
Democracy
179–86, 199
Demons
289
expelled by Christians and Jews
289n72
pagan gods as
276
Demos
17
Demosthenes
391
Deucalion
281
Dhîbân
113
Dialogue, Jewish–Christian
300–302
Diaspora, Greek-speaking
17, 20
links of with Judea
284n54
uprising
15n.
under Asia Minor
Dibon
108n5
Didymus the Blind
340
Dietary rules
40
Dimon
108n3
Dio Cassius
.
see Cassius Dio
Dio Chrysostom
126–27
Diodorus Siculus
126
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
9
Disraeli, Isaac
394
Divisions
20–21, 29, 30n38, 35.
Conflict; Factionalism; Stasis
Domnus, moves from Christian to Jewish worship
287
Donkey
297
Doris (Herod’s wife)
58
Dutch War of Independence
3
Easter
307
Ebraios
88
Eden
371
Edinburgh
387–88, 401
Education
183, 186, 198, 303–4, 306, 309, 383, 386, 388–92
Egypt
17, 22–23, 299
Jews in
254
Eldinos
379
Eleazar ben Hanania
.
see Eleazar, son of Ananias
Eleazar
364, 369
Eleazar, son of Ananias
28
Eleazaros
379
Elvira
311–12
Empire
16, 22n24, 23.
Rome; Seleucid Empire
End of days
18, 31.
apocalypse
Enmity
396
Ephesus
269, 270
Artemis of
251–52
Paul’s activities in
251–53
Ephrem
363
Epictetus
84
Epihanius
307
Epispasmos
47, 49
Eretz
.
see Israel: land of
Esau
195–96
Eschatology
.
see Apocalyptic
Essenes
30n38
Estepanos
379
Esther
64–66, 69
Ethics
181
Ethnarch, Jewish, in Judea
284n53
Ethnic
40, 54
Ethnos
17–18, 26.
Jewish nation
Euergetism
189n40
Eupolemus
26
Europe
16
Eusebius of Caesarea
9, 14, 322, 327nn36–37, 328n39, 329, 335–61
Eusebonas
379
Evagrius
339, 354
Exile, never truly ended
209
Exodus
129, 131–32
Exorcism
.
see Demons
4 Ezra
205–8
Factions/factionalism
15–17, 20, 22–23, 25–29, 30–35
aristocratic
22–23
counter-revoluntionary
25
extremist
28
Jewish rebel groups
28, 29n35, 32–33
pro-Ptolemaic
22–23
pro-Roman
15n, 33
pro-Seleucid
22–23
Civil war; Conflict; Divisions; Sicarii; Stasis; Zealots
Fadus
146
Familia Caesaris
217
Family
181, 183, 195
Fetiales
12, 14
author of
17, 21, 23–26, 33, 21n22
First Revolt
3, 4, 11, 15, 18–20, 22, 28–35, 390–91
Fiscus Iudaicus
3
Flavians
3–4
Florus
391
Fortschreibung
108n3
Fourth world empire
18
Freed slaves
92–95, 99–100, 103
Friendship
297–319
false
298
Gadday
369, 379
Gaius
259
Galilee
1–2, 18, 19–20, 32, 34, 54, 82, 152, 269, 279, 283
Gallus Caesar
15n
Gamaliel the Elder
245, 300
Gamaliel V
309
Gauls
12
Gelasius
338n15, 339
Gentiles
24, 26
George
379
Ger (convert)
92–95, 99–100, 103
Gerasa
143
Germanicus
11
Gilead
143, 152
Ginsberg, Ruth Bader
297
Gischala
19
God
16, 28–29, 31, 33
foreign gods
23
God-fearers
286n73, 299
in Acts
244, 246, 247, 250
at Aphrodisias
247
diffusion of
258–61
Gourias
379
Great Revolt
.
see First Revolt
Greek (language)
303, 304, 306, 310
Jewish use of
269, 283–84, 291
Greeks
15n 31
literary sources
21n22
religious customs
24
Gregory Nazianzen
339, 352
Gregory of Nyssa
337
Hadrian
40, 41, 42, 49, 53
Haggai
391
Ḥalal/ḥalalah
92, 94–95
Hanukah
17–18
Hasidim
23–24, 27.
Hasmoneans, opposition to
Hasmoneans
13, 15, 16, 17–18, 21–28, 22n24, 31, 145, 149, 154, 180–81
concept of the land
20n20
descent
21n22
era
89
opposition to
18, 22–28, 22n24, 31, 33
rebellion
13, 15, 17, 20–28, 31
Heavenly Jerusalem
204, 208, 215
Hebraeus
88, 303, 306
Hebrew
15, 21
Biblical
21
language
306
name
29
Rabbinic
29n35
use of
269
Hebrews
343
Hebron
369, 379
Hebṣon
369, 379
Helena
346
Hellenism
8, 15, 17, 21, 22–23, 24, 25
Heraclius
15–16
Heretic
301
Hermit
314
Herod Antipas
18n10, 28, 58–75, 143, 144–54, 372, 391
Herodian
180–81
Herodotus
4–7, 125–26
Heshbon(itis)
143
Hexapla
326–27
Hierarchy
94–95, 103
High place
113
High priesthood
17–18, 22–24, 27, 300.
Jewish aristocracy
Historiography
15, 20–21, 26, 32, 34
account
20, 21n22, 22, 26–28, 32–33
Greek
6, 11, 124–30
Greek/Roman
394
Jewish
11
narrative
21–22, 21n22, 24–28, 33–34
Holy Land
16, 19.
Israel, land of
Homer, cited in Pionius’s first speech
275
Honor
189, 195–97
Household
182–83
Human sacrifice
10–11
Hymns
346
Hyrcania
152
Iakos, from Pamphylia, archisynagogos in Caesarea
269n9, 284
Iberia
311–12
Identity
179
Idolatry
8, 32–33, 267–68, 275–78, 281, 291
forbidden by Christ
276–78
imputed by Jews to Christians
267–68, 275, 285, 287, 291
imputed by Christians to Jews
268, 279, 281–86, 287, 291
Idumea
18–19
Iessaioi
336
Ikonion
250–51
Illiterate
183
Imadinos
379
Innovation
134–35
Inscriptions in ancient languages
88–89
Internal fight, violence
.
see Conflict
Ionia, hostility to Jews in
253, 257, 258
Ioudaios
88
Ioullos the Patriarch
303
Irenaeus
269, 277
Isocrates
7
Isopoliteia
185
Israel
5, 7
land of
18, 20, 25, 89
modern identity
16
people of
17, 25–26, 88–91, 95–97, 101–2
subset of the people
90–103
Itureans
148
Iudaeus
88
Jacob of Kfar Sikhinin
307
Jacob of Serugh
364, 370, 372, 375, 377
Jacob
373
as representing Israel in contention with Christians
291
James
379
Jason, high priest
23–24
Jehoshaphat
149
Jephtha
363
Jerome
306–308, 315, 320–33, 338, 339, 340, 343n, 344, 345, 346, 355–57
Jerusalem
7, 18–19, 23, 29–32, 39, 152n, 153, 179, 300, 345, 346, 354, 357, 369, 392, 404
destruction of
11, 19, 204, 205, 393n27, 394, 395
in Epistle of Barnabas
216
in Epistle to the Hebrews
215n18
fall of
384, 387, 390–91
in 1 Enoch
210
Hasmonean and Herodian rebuilding of
210
in Justin Martyr
216
in New Jerusalem text
209
restoration, in the Prophets
208–9
in Revelation
215
siege of
18, 29, 32
Temple
2, 7, 17, 22–23, 26, 50, 242, 246, 391, 392
in Tobit
210
Jesus Christ
299–300, 307, 314
as crucified criminal
275n31, 287
free will of
289
as leader-astray into idolatry
275, 288
as teacher of monotheism
275–78, 291
teaches the knowledge of God as Logos
275–76, 277, 278, 291
Jethro
298
Jewish Antiquities
.
see Josephus, Flavius
Jewish–Christian polemic
267–92
Jewish War
.
see Josephus, Flavius
Jonathan
298
Jonathan Apphus
21, 23, 25–26
John Cassian
337
John Chrysostom
308–9
John Harris and Son (publisher)
384–85
John Hyrcanus
21, 26
John Marshall (publisher)
384
John of Ephesus
31
John of Gischala
33
Johnstone, John
387, 388
Joseph
66, 69
Joseph (Herod’s steward)
72n50
Joseph of Arimathea
300
Joseph of Tiberias
307
Joseph (Salome’s first husband)
72n50
Josephus, Flavius
6, 10, 18n11, 21n22, 22–23, 28–33, 58–75, 78–79, 80, 82, 84, 86, 141–54, 167, 328, 337n 339, 382–84, 387, 388, 390–91, 393, 394, 395, 403–4
documents cited by
242–43, 253, 256, 258
Jewish Antiquities
21
Jewish War
20–22, 28, 33–34
reception
382–404
Thucydidean mimesis
31, 31n40
Jotapata, siege of
393
Judah ha-Nasi
220
Judaism
9–10, 15–25, 15n, 22, 28–29, 32–35
apostates
21, 26
aristocracy
17, 22–23, 32
army
24, 31–32
association with Christians
268, 270, 287
association discouraged by Christians
271, 271nn18–19, 287
association discouraged by Jews
271n18, 287
association with pagans
268, 269, 274, 278, 279, 291
association with pagans criticized by Christians
279, 291
audience
21
behavior
22
“collaborators” with Rome
16, 29
communities
17–18, 20
European history
16
extremists
15n, 28
Galilean
19–20, 34n45
identity
25
law
17, 23–24
leadership
22–23, 31
nation
20, 26, 29
nationalism
16, 35, 209n9, 212, 213n15, 215n17
nationalism, Christianity and
214–16
nationalism, non-activist
211–12, 214
political character
35
population
16, 19, 28, 34n45, 35
rabbis
20, 34
rebel groups
28, 29n35, 32–33
religion
22–24
revolutionary government
30–32
revolutionary group
29
revolts against Rome
89
revolt under Gallus Caesar
13–14
ruling class
16–17, 29
society
22–23, 28, 31–32
sources
15–16
sovereignty
16
surnames
103
tithes
18, 96–98
views of Christianity
275, 278, 279, 280, 291
views of Christianity respected by pagans
271, 278
wars and rebellions
13
Judas Maccabeus
17–18, 24n, 377
Judas the Galilean
29–30, 245
Judea
17–21, 23, 28–31, 54, 89, 384, 391.
Judea-Palestine; Palestine
Judean Desert
19
Judean Desert documents
157–77
Judea-Palestine
15, 15n, 18–21, 35.
Judea; Palestine
Judgment, divine, by fire and water
280–81
Julia Severa
242n2
Julian (emperor)
309, 325, 396
Julius Caesar
9, 246, 391
Julius Severus
53
Jupiter
82
Jurisdiction
179, 189
Jurisprudence
191
Justin Martyr
300, 302
Kellia
340
King/kingship
179–82, 181, 187, 193, 195, 197–99.
Monarchy
Kir
112n17
Lake Mariut
356
Language
6, 9, 11
Laodicea, Council of
309
Lapsi (Christians who have offered sacrifice)
270, 272, 291
mockery of
274, 278, 285, 291
Law
188–91, 194, 198
Lawlessness
22, 24–27, 29, 32, 33, 35.
Hasmoneans: opposition to
Learning
.
see Education
Lepidus, official at Smyrna
275n31
Levites
90–103
Libanius of Antioch
309
Livy
8, 391
Logios
126
Logos (Word)
.
see Jesus Christ
Lot
281
Luke (author)
299–300
Lyons
269, 280n44
Macaulay, Thomas Babington
401–2
Maccabean Revolt
.
see Hasmoneans: rebellion
Maccabeans
.
see Hasmoneans
Maccabees (book)
1
17, 20–28, 22n24, 33–34
2
21, 21n22, 26
Machaerus
143, 152
Madrasha
365, 376
Magona
313
Maimonides
85, 179
Malchus
146
Mamzer
92–98, 100, 103
Manetho
124, 127–30
Maqbay
369, 379
Marcus Aurelius, emperor
272n24
Marean Marsh
336
Marginalization
314
Mariamme
72–73
Mariamme (II)
58
Mark
336, 356
Markellos
379
Marriage rules
92–95, 97, 100
Marriage
299, 311
Martyrdom
8, 9, 314, 339n, 396
Christian
267–92
Martyrs of Palestine
349
Maryam
364
Masada
29
Matitiyahu
22
Mediterranean
17–18
Melania the Elder
340, 354
Menelaus, high priest
23, 25
Menorca
312–13
Mercenaries
151n
Mercury
82
Mesha
110
Meshukhim
47–50
Messiah
7, 20, 34, 203, 208, 211, 212, 214, 218
aspiration, messianic
16
character, messianic
28
definition
207n7, 214n17
Herod as
210n11
hopes, messianic
49
Metics and metoikia, Jews as in Hellenistic Asia
255
Minim
301, 305
Misanthropy
79
Moab
6, 107–19, 152
Moabite language
110–11, 114
Moabite Stone
110, 113
Modestinus
41
Monarchianism, in Christian doctrine of God
270, 277n35
Monarchy
179, 181, 186, 188, 197–98.
king/kingship
Monasterion
344, 345, 348
Monasterium
344, 345
Monasticism
9, 196–97, 337, 338, 340, 341, 345, 356, 357, 357n
Monotheism
8, 11
Mordechai
65
Moses
78, 79, 132–34, 187, 298, 365
atones for the sin of the Golden Calf
283
as colonist, in pagan polemic
283n52
warns against rejoicing over the fallen
275
Mount Olives
340
Mycale
5
Nabataea
6–7, 142–45, 151, 164–66
Nablus
19
Naibatûn
151
Naomi
298
Napoleon
382, 394
Narrative
.
see historiography
Nasi Yisrael (Nasi of Israel)
20, 34.
Bar Kokhba
National identity
Israeli
16
Jewish
15
Nationalism
aspirations
16
Jewish
16, 35
movements
16
passions
19, 34
uprisings
15–16, 20, 34–35.
Bar Kokhba rebellion; Diaspora; Gallus Caesar; First Revolt; Hasmonean rebellion
Nazirites
96
Necromancy
287, 289, 290
Jesus said to have used
289n74
used to resolve doubts concerning after-life
289n76
Neighbor
299, 304, 313, 314
Nero
259
Nerva
4
Netinim (temple servants)
90–94, 96–98, 100, 103
New Jerusalem
203, 205, 207, 218, 219
Nicodemus (Pharisee)
300, 306
Nicolaus of Damascus
6, 59n11, 62n18, 74n56, 149–54
Nitria
340
Noah
281
Noetus
270
Northern kingdom
89
Novatian
291
Novatianism
272n22
O’Neill, Tip
297
Oath
.
see Vow
Obedas
146, 150
Old guard
22–23, 31.
Hasmoneans, opposition to; High priesthood; Jewish aristocracy
Old Latin
326
Oligarchy
181
Onias III, high priest
23–24
Onkelos (Aquila), legend of
289n77
Origen
84, 271, 279, 285, 303–4, 306, 307, 315, 325, 326, 327n36, 328, 329, 330n48, 332n57, 338, 339, 346n, 349, 349n, 354n, 356
Origenist controversies
338
Ovid
82, 84
Oxyrhynchus
310–11
Pachomian monasticism
340, 341n36
Paideia
181
Palestine
19, 21, 299, 306, 307, 309, 340.
Judea; Judea-Palestine
Palestinian Targum
370
Palladius
340
Pamphilus
349
Pamphylia
269, 279n38
Papias
269, 277
Parables of Enoch
205
Parting of the ways
309
Patriarch
179, 181, 192–94, 196–97
Jewish
309
Paul (apostle)
141, 152, 243, 246, 247–50, 251–53, 395
Paula
323, 325
People of Israel. see under Israel
Perea
19, 143, 152
Persia
4–5, 7, 14, 15, 16
Peshitta
111
Peter (apostle)
336, 354–55
Pethion
379
Petra
142–45, 151, 153
Pharisees
2, 29, 30n38, 299
Pheroras
58
Philadelphia
143
Philemon
82, 84
Philip (Herod’s son)
60–61
Philo of Alexandria
79–80, 84, 86, 328, 332n56, 335–61
Philosophers
7, 80, 81–82, 84, 179–82, 184–187, 191, 198, 301, 302, 303
Phrygia
242, 258, 269, 309
Pietists
24n
Pilgrimage
20
Christian, to Judea
281
Pinchas, biblical
22, 29
Pionius
267–92
Pity
78–86
Plataea
5–6
Plato
125, 133
Plutarch
10, 12
Polemon, of Smyrna
274
Polis
182–83, 185, 188
Politeia
185
Politikoi nomoi
254
Polyarchy
186
Polycarp
269, 270, 277
Polytheism
8
Pontus
269
Porphyry, bishop of Gaza
325
Postcolonialism
.
see Subaltern narratives
Priests
90–103
as historians
126–27
Priscianus (governor)
309
Property
181, 183, 191
Prophets
345, 346, 347, 351
Proselytes
48, 249, 269, 279, 290, 299
Proseukhai
.
see Synagogues
Province of Arabia
157–77.
Arabia
Province of Arabia, “new,”
174.
Arabia
Provincia Asia, calendar of
158–59
Ptolemaic realm
17
Ptolemy
60–61, 64
Pulcheria
15
Pythagoras
133
Qarcho
113
Qumran
26
Quryaqos
379
Rabbis
1–2, 5, 7, 20–34
Abbahu
289n76, 304–6, 315
Abimi bar Tobi
305
Akiva
20, 44, 51, 395
Bar Ḥanina
306
Bar Kappara
303
Elazar ben Dama
307
Elazar HaModaʿi
49–50
Eliezer
93
Eliezer ben Hyrcanus
42, 43–44, 46, 307
Hoshaia
303
Ishmael ben Elisha
50, 51–52
Israel Isserlein
85
Johanan (bar Nappaha)
279
Joshua ben Levi
303
Judah
93–94, 96
Judah the Patriarch
82–85
Judah bar Ilaʿi
44–45, 46, 47
Levi
283
Mar bar Joseph
305
Meir
93–94
Moshe ha-Darshan
53
Natan
53
Rav Safra
305
Resh Lakish
289n74, 303
Samuel
305
Shimon ben Gamaliel
52, 101
Tannaim
5
Tarfon
96, 275n32
Yose
96, 101
Yose ben Halafta
47, 49
Yudan
53
Rabbinic Hebrew
.
see Hebrew: rabbinic
Rabbinic sources and tradition
20n19, 34–35
Reagan, Ronald
297
Rebel groups
.
see Factions
Reception
9–10
Religion
claims
32
conviction
19
freedom
17
legitimacy
32
observance
17
offenses
17
overtones
33
passions
19
persecution
23
religionists
19, 30
seriousness
32
Reproaches to Israel
biblical, for idolatry and slaying the prophets
282, 284–85
in Christian apologetic and homily
284–85, 287–88
in Christian liturgy
288n67
Reserve, Christian doctrine of
278n37
Revolt
10.
Bar Kokhba; First Revolt
Revolution
16, 17, 30, 34–35
counter-revolution
25
Jewish revolutionary government
30–32
Jewish revolutionary group
29
Rhetores
184
Rhetoric
26–27, 32–34
Rome
15–20, 19n14, 22, 28–29, 31–33, 306, 390–391
administration
29
Babylon, Jewish code-name for
205
census
29
citizenship
256, 258
colony
19
emperor
28
Empire
20, 31
imperialism
8, 12
manifest destiny
203, 218
narratives criticizing the Roman imperium
220
narratives legitimizing the Roman imperium
218
period
15
point of view
33
procurators
18, 28
Roma aeterna, Roma perpetua
203, 218
Pax romana
203
Romanization
157, 177
rule
30, 33, 34n47
symbol of imperial power
205
Rosh Ha-Shanah
308
Rufina, in Smyrna
268
Rufinus
9, 306, 330, 332n56, 335–61
Ruth
298
Sabbath
42, 43, 242, 246, 387–88
Sabina, escaped from servitude
270n15, 274
Sacrifice to pagan deities
eating of
276, 278
offering of
285
refusal of
285
Sadducees
2, 30n38
Sadok, a Pharisee
29
Sages
45, 47, 49, 303
Saliba b. David
366
Salome (Herod’s sister)
60–61, 64, 66, 67, 70–71
Salome Komaise
169
Samaria
19
Samaritans
93, 304
Samonas
379
Samuel, apparition of at En-dor
affirmed as genuine
289n76
rejected as illusion
290
Sanhedrin
192–93
Sardis
270, 272
Jews’ privileges in
243
Satan
307
Scalia, Antonin
297
Scythians
5
Second Temple era literature
90–91
Sectarianism
30n38
Seed of Aaron
23.
Alcimus
Seleucids
13, 16, 21–24
army
24
Empire
22n24
king
26
persecution
23
realm
17
religious decrees
23
Semneion
344
Semnium
345
Septuagint
79, 110–11, 115, 116, 118, 320, 325, 326, 327
Serapion, bishop of Antioch
287
Sergius
379
Sergius Paullus
246, 252
Servenius Capito, Lucius
.
see Julia Severa
Severus of Antioch
379
Severus of Menorca
312–13
Shema prayer
88, 303
Shlomzion
63–64, 66, 67, 70–71, 75
Shmoni
362
Shrek
297
Sibylline Oracles
5, 205, 208
Sicarii
29, 30, 32, 33.
Factions: Jewish rebel groups
Simon (father of Mariamme II)
58n5
Simon, the high priest
18
Simon Thassi
21, 26
Slave/slavery
195, 299, 388, 396
Smyrna
267–92
Jewish community of
268–69, 270, 271, 274, 278, 287, 289–90, 291
Societal structures
27
Socrates of Constantinople
314
Soēmus
72n50
Solomon
cited in Pionius’s first speech
275
an example of lapse into idolatry
285
Solomonē
378
Sons of Noah
96
Sophists
267, 273, 279n39
Sorcery
288
Soul
342, 347, 352, 353, 354, 357
Source criticism
140
Sozomen
336, 339
Spain
299
Sparta
6, 7
Spirit, Holy
blasphemy against
288
Jewish–Christian polemic on
288n68
Spy
190–91
Stasis
15–16, 15n, 20, 22, 27, 28, 31, 34
“Stasis document”
28, 34
Stephen
379
speech ascribed to
284–85
Stoic
84
Strido, Dalmatia
306
Struggle
.
see Conflict
Subaltern narratives
217, 219
Sukkot
308
Suratios
379
Syllaeus
147
Symmachus
331n52
Symphonia
125
Synagogues
242, 246, 269, 270, 286–87, 306, 307, 308, 310, 314, 395
attendance, Christian
270, 271, 287
in Egypt
254
figure of, in literary dialogue
286
Paul preaching in
247–50
with sense of “assembly” in Jewish usage
286–87
Synecdoche
102–3
Syria
17, 22–23, 299, 308
Tacitus
11
Tamar
362
Tanna Qamma
47
Targum
111, 115
Tarichaeae
391
Tarsay
369, 379
Teacher
.
see Education
Temple(s)
179, 180n2, 193
destruction of
5, 7, 13, 16, 70, 180n2, 205, 206, 235, 391
Jerusalem
2, 7, 50, 242, 246, 392
of Solomon
391
Terumah
97–98
Testimonies, biblical
Christian use of
282, 291
Christian use of
rebutted by Jews
283, 83n52
Thaumaturgy, Jewish–Christian rivalry in
290, 291
Theodoret
339
Theodorus (Jewish leader on Menorca)
313
Theodosius II
15, 16
Theodotion
269, 331n52
Therapeutae
335–61
Thessalonica
287
Theudas
245
Thiasoi
241n1, 256
Thucydides
6, 7, 27, 31
Tiberias
188, 279, 307
Tiberius
259
Timocracy
181
Tineius Rufus
53, 289n76
Titus
391, 399
Tobiad
.
see Menelaus, high priest
Tobiads
148
Torah
24–25, 78, 79, 82, 84, 86
Trachonitis
147, 152
Transjordan
19, 153n.
Perea
Trypho
302
Vahram
237
Valerian, emperor
272
Valerius Flaccus, Lucius, procos Asiae 63 BCE
256
Varus, P. Quinctilius
147–48, 150n
Vespasian
391
Virgins/virginity
352, 353, 354, 357
Virtue(s)
181n6, 184
Vitellius, Lucius
146
Vote(s)
184, 186, 199
Vow
308
Nazarite
305
Vulgate
111, 320
War
8, 16, 20, 28–32.
Conflict; Revolution; specific events, e.g., First Revolt
Wealth
181, 183, 188, 195
William Tait (publisher)
387
Wisdom
181n6, 183, 185, 187, 189–90, 196–99
Women
99–100, 102
Xenocrates
80, 81, 84
Xenophon
391
Yannai
58–75
Yazdgard I
237
Yehudi(m)
88–89
Yohanan Hyrcanus
66
Yonadab
370, 379
Zealots
29, 30, 32–33, 211, 212, 213, 214.
Judaism: rebel groups
Zenobia
16
Zeuxis, strategos of Asia
254