Abbreviations
Grammatical Abbreviations
| a. | ancient |
| adj. | adjective |
| adv. | adverb |
| Ar. | Arabic |
| arch. | archaic |
| Biz. | Byzantine |
| Braz. | Brazilian |
| cf. | refer to |
| colloq. | colloquial |
| conj. | conjunction |
| der. | derivative |
| dial. | dialectal |
| eccles. | ecclesiastical |
| e.g. | for instance |
| En. | English |
| fig. | figured |
| Flem. | Flemish |
| Fr. | French |
| Ger. | Germanic |
| Got. | Gothic |
| Gr. | Greek |
| id. | idem, the same |
| ideo. | ideophone |
| interj. | interjection |
| It. | Italian |
| lang. | language |
| Lat. | Lat. |
| Long. | Longobard |
| Mal. | Malay |
| mus. | music |
| n. | noun |
| Ngw. | ki-Ngwana, Swahili dialect from Central Africa (Belgian Congo, Tanganyika, etc.) |
| obsol. | obsolescent |
| pers. | person |
| pl. | plural |
| Port. | Portuguese |
| prep. | preposition |
| Prov. | Provençal |
| p.c. | personal communication |
| s.v. | sub voce |
| sg. | singular |
| Sp. | Spanish |
| ultm. | ultimately |
| unus. | unusual |
| v. | verb |
| v.i. | intransitive verb |
| vulg. | vulgar |
| / | indicates a variant |
Authors’ Names
| A | Abraham |
| A&H | Araújo & Hagemeijer |
| AA.VV. | Autori Vari |
| Abe | Abe |
| Ade | Adelaar |
| AdP | Ardant du Picq |
| Ah-Cha | Ahmed-Chamanga |
| Ale | Alexandre |
| An | Angrand |
| As | Assis Junior |
| AS&B | Ali, Grimm & Bodomo |
| B&M | Bathily et Meillassoux |
| Bai | Bailleul |
| Bak | Baker |
| Bal | Balinandi |
| Ban | Banfield |
| Bar | Barbot |
| BDYB | Blench, Dawum, Yeeɗen & Bess |
| Ben | Benson |
| Bent | Bentley |
| Bl | Blench |
| Bla | Blackings |
| Bot | Botne |
| Bou | Bouquiaux |
| Bra | Bradshaw |
| Bri | Brindle |
| Bu&Bl | Bulkaam & Blench |
| C | Caron |
| Ca | Caprile |
| Can | Cannell |
| Car | Carteron |
| CAT | Cox, Adamson & Teusink |
| CF | Centro de Formação de SIL |
| Ch | Childs |
| Chr | Christaller |
| CJ&J | Creissels, Jatta & Jabarteh |
| Cl | Clarke |
| Cl&W | Clark & Williamson |
| Co&H | Coulibaly & Haraguchi |
| Cob | Cobe |
| Cox | Cox |
| Cra | Crazzolara |
| Dal | Dale |
| Dan | Dansie |
| Dar | Dard |
| Dav | Davis |
| Delaf | Delafosse |
| DeW | De Wolf |
| Div | Divuilu |
| DKS | Daget, Konipo & Sanankoua |
| Do | Doke |
| Do&Vi | Doke & Vilakazi |
| Dol | Dolphyne |
| Du | Dumestre |
| Dup | Dupuis |
| Dz | Dzokanga |
| Ed | Eddyshaw |
| EM | Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft |
| Ev | van Everbroeck |
| Fi | Fisch |
| FKM | Ferrari, Kalunga et Mulumbwa |
| Fo | Fontes |
| Frog | Froger |
| FSD | Fal, Santos & Doneux |
| Fun | Funnell |
| G | Gaden |
| Ga | Gamble |
| Gav | Gaved |
| Ge | Gevrey |
| Guér | Guérois |
| GI | GILLBT |
| Gor | Gorman |
| Gord | Gordon |
| H&D | Hacquard et Dupuis |
| Han | Hannan |
| Hc | Hancock |
| Hei | Heins |
| Hel | Helmlinger |
| H-III | Heath, tome III |
| Ho | Horton |
| Hul | Hulstaert |
| Höf | Höftmann |
| I | Innes |
| J | Johnson |
| JIU | Junta de Investigações do Ultramar |
| K&B | Kiraithe & Baden |
| K&O | Kagaya & Olomi |
| Ka | Kaji |
| Kal | Kaliai |
| Kar | Kari |
| Kaw | Kawasha |
| Kay | Kayigema |
| Kazim | Kazimirski 1860 |
| Ki-Ha | Kilian-Hatz |
| Kil | Kilham |
| Kit | Kitching |
| Kna | Knappert |
| Ko | Kœlle |
| Kr | Kröger |
| Krop | Kropp Dakubu |
| KSCE | Kritzinger, Schoonees, Cronjé, Eksteen |
| L | Lukas |
| L&K | Lessau & Kastenholz |
| Lam | Laman |
| Law | Laws |
| Le | Leger |
| Lo | Lodhi |
| M.A.M. | Mohamed A. Mohamed |
| Mat | Matiki |
| Mbi | Mbiti |
| Melz | Melzian |
| Merl | Merrill |
| Mic | Micheli |
| MMR | Muniko, Muita oMagige & Ruel |
| MN&Z | Mwalonya, Nicolle, Nicolle & Zimbu |
| Mo | Mosha |
| Moo | Moore |
| Mouk | Moukhina |
| Mu | Muratori |
| Mur | Murphy |
| Na | Naden |
| Ni | Nicolas |
| No | Noye |
| Noe | Noel |
| Nog | Nogueira |
| Nr | Norris |
| Odo | Odonga |
| ỌLC | Ọgba Language Committee |
| P | Prost |
| P&K | Pasch & Kumbatulu |
| Pa | Palayer |
| PCG | Peace Corps Gambia |
| Pch | Pichl |
| PP | Pires Prata |
| Pr | Pruett |
| Ra | Rapp |
| Raj | Rajaonarimanana |
| Rd | Rood |
| Re-Bo | Redden & Bongo |
| Ri | Richardson Irvine |
| Ric | Richardson James |
| Rom | Rombi |
| Ron | Rongier |
| Rou | Rougé |
| Ru | Ruelland |
| R-W | Raponda-Walker |
| S&T | Seignobos & Tourneux |
| Sacl | Sacleux |
| San | Sanders |
| Sad | Sadler |
| Sc | Schön |
| Sch | Schuh |
| Schl | Schlenker |
| Sco | Scott |
| Sco&Or | Scotten & Orr |
| Ser | Seroney |
| Si | Sitoe |
| SML | Sitoe, Mahumana, Langa |
| SMM | Stevick, Mataranyika & Mataranyika |
| Sno | Snoxall |
| Sta | Stafford |
| Swa | Swartenbroeckk |
| Sw-Zol | Swift & Zola |
| Ta | Taji |
| Tay | Taylor |
| Tho | Thomas |
| Tr | Turay |
| Tu | Tuckey |
| TUR | Touré |
| U&O | Ugochukwu & Okafor |
| Ua | Ualhanga |
| Vet | Vettor |
| W&Bl | Williamson & Blench |
| Wehr | Wehr |
| West | Westermann |
| Whi | Whiteley |
| Wil | Wilkie |
| Ye | Yengo-ki-Ngimbi |
| Yo | Yoneda |
| Z | Zima |