| ACM | Asian Civilisations Museum (Singapore) |
| AMEP | Archives des Missions Estrangères de Paris (Paris, France) |
| ANPM | Archives of the National Palace Museum (Taipei, Taiwan) |
| ARSI | Achivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (Rome, Italy) |
| BAV | Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (Vatican Library, Vatican City) |
| BMC | British Museum Collection (London, England) |
| BNF | Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Paris, France) |
| CMA | Cleveland Museum of Art (Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.) |
| FHSC | First History Archive of China (Beijing, China) |
| GDL | Gallica Digital Library (California, U.S.A.) |
| HKUMA | Hong Kong University Museum and Art Gallery (Hong Kong) |
| JMRMA | John and Marble Ringling Museum of Art (Sarasota, FL, U.S.A.) |
| LM | Liaoning Museum (Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China) |
| MCH | The Museum of Chinese History (Beijing, China) |
| MG | Musée Guimet (Paris, France) |
| MMOA | The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City, U.S.A.) |
| MSA | Museum of Sacred Art (Macau, China) |
| MV | Musei Vaticani (Vatican City) |
| NLC | National Library of China (Beijing, China) |
| NM | Nanjing Museum (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China) |
| SM | Shanghai Museum (Shanghai, China) |
| SM | Shengyang Museum (Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China) |
| PM | The Palace Museum (Beijing, China) |
| YUAG | Yale University Art Gallery (New Haven, CT, U.S.A.) |
| General Abbreviations | |
| apps. | appendices |
| ca. | circa |
| d. | death |
| ed. /eds. | editor/editors |
| fig./figs. | figure/figures |
| fos. | folios |
| r. | religne |
| repr. | Reprint |
| seq. | sequence |
| S. J. | Society of Jesus |
| trans. | translator |