All translations from Persian and Urdu are my own, unless noted otherwise.
For Arabic and Persian, I have adopted the International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (IJMES) system of transliteration. For key philosophical and religious terms that are used in both Arabic and Persian, I have opted to use the Arabic-standard rather than the Persian, since the Arabic will be more readily recognized by a wider readership. For instance, I use the Arabic-standard âwujÅ«dâ rather than the modern Persian âvujÅ«dâ or âvojÅ«d.â I have included accents for names and book titles. With the exception of Ê¿ayn (