This publication is part of the project âMonarchy in Turmoil. Rulers, Courts and Politics in the Netherlands and Germany, c.1780âc.1820â with file number 360-52-210 financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
ISSN 2211-4610
ISBN 978-90-04-54871-8
ISBN 978-90-04-54872-5 (PDF)
DOI https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004548725
Library of Congress Control Number: 2026932419
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Cover illustration: Emperor Francis I of Austria (1768â1835, r. 1792â1835) holds a general audience. Painting by Peter Krafft (1780â1856), 1836â1837. (Ãsterreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, inventory number 5997).