Abbreviations
Ancient Sources
| 1 En. | 1 Enoch (Ethiopic Apocalypse) |
| 1QHa | Hodayota/Thanksgiving Hymna |
| 1QM | War Scroll |
| 1QS | Rule of the Community |
| 4QI | 4QInstruction |
| Aph. | Hippocrates, Aphorismata, in Syriac from Henri Pohnon, ed. Une version syriaque des Aphorismes dâHippocrate: Texte et traduction. SSL 37. Piscataway: Gorgias, 2010 |
| b. B. Bat. | Bava Batra tractate of Babylonian Talmud |
| Bib. hist. | Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica |
| CD | Cairo Geniza copy of the Damascus Document |
| En. El. | Enuma Elish |
| Jub. | Jubilees |
| LAB | Pseudo-Philo, Liber antiquitatum biblicarum |
| Leg. | Philo, Legum allegoriae |
| LXX | The Greek Septuagint, usually as represented by Alfred Rahlfs ed. Septuaginta. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006 |
| Mut. | Philo, De mutatione nominum |
| Opif. | Philo, De opificio mundi |
| Post. | Philo, De posteritate Caini |
| Prob. | Philo, Quod omnis probus liber sit |
| Sef. | The Sefire Treaty as represented by Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Aramaic Inscriptions of Sefire. Revised ed. BibOr 19/A. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1995 |
| Syr. | Syriac, usually as represented in the Ambrosianus codex |
| Tg. | The Aramaic Targums, usually as represented in Targum Onqelos, Targum Jonathan, and Targum of the Writings |
| T. Job | Testament of Job |
| Vulg. | The Latin Vulgate |
Secondary Sources
| AASF.DHL | Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae: Dissertationes Humanarum Litterarum |
| AB | Anchor Bible |
| AP | Cowley, Arthur. Aramaic Papyri of the Fifth Century B.C.: Edited with Translations and Notes. Oxford: Clarendon, 1923 |
| ACL | Advances in Cognitive Linguistics |
| AEL | Lichtheim, Miriam. Ancient Egyptian Literature. 3 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006 [1973â1980] |
| AfO | Archiv für Orientforschung |
| ANES | Ancient Near Eastern Supplements |
| ANET | Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Edited by James B. Pritchard. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969 |
| AOAT | Alter Orient und Altes Testament |
| AOTC | Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries |
| ARCL | Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics |
| ATD | Das Alte Testament Deutsch |
| AYBRL | Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library |
| BA | La Bible dâAlexandrie |
| BAM | Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen. Edited by Franz Köcher, et. al. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1963â |
| BBRS | Bulletin for Biblical Research Supplements |
| BCOTWP | Baker Commentary on Old Testament Wisdom and Psalms |
| BDB | Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907 |
| BHRG | van der Merwe, Christo H. J., Jacobus A. Naudé, and Jan H. Kroeze. A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar, 2nd ed., Bloomsbury: London, 2017 |
| BHQ | Biblia Hebraica Quinta. Edited by Adrian Schenker et al. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2004â |
| Bib | Biblica |
| BibAnn | The Biblical Annals |
| BibInt | Biblical Interpretation |
| BibOr | Biblica et Orientalia |
| BIS | Biblical Interpretation Series |
| BKAT | Biblischer Kommentar, Altes Testament |
| BKI | Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |
| BSAW | Berlin Studies of the Ancient World |
| BTCB | Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible |
| BWANT | Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament |
| BZAW | Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft |
| CAL | Kaufman, Stephen A., et al., eds., The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon (http://cal.huc.edu). All data cited reflects the database as of May, 2022. |
| CAD | Gelb, Ignace J., et al., eds. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 21 vols. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956â2010 |
| CBR | Currents in Biblical Research |
| CBQ | Catholic Biblical Quarterly |
| CCS | Cambridge Classical Studies |
| CDA | Black, Jeremy, et al., A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd ed. (SANTAG 5), Leipzig; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2000 |
| CDCH | Clines, David J. A. ed., The Concise Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, 2009 |
| CDME | Faulkner, Raymond O. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1988 |
| CEA | Cahiers des études anciennes |
| CELCR | Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research |
| CE | Cognition and Emotion |
| CEB | Consciousness and Emotion Book Series |
| CHP | Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology |
| CIS | Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum ab Academia Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum conditum atque Digestum. 5 vols. Paris: e Reipublicae Typographeo, 1881â1962 |
| CILT | Current Issues in Linguistic Theory |
| CL | Cognitive Linguistics |
| CLR | Cognitive Linguistic Research |
| CogPsych | Cognitive Psychology |
| COS | Hallo, William W., and K. Lawson Younger Jr., eds. The Context of Scripture. 4 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1997â2016 |
| CSD | Payne Smith, Jessie (Mrs. Margoliouth; ed.), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary: founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, Oxford: Clarendon, 1903 |
| CSHB | Critical Studies in the Hebrew Bible |
| CSL | Cambridge Studies in Linguistics |
| CSCL | Cambridge Studies in Cognitive Linguistics |
| CTL | Cambridge Texts in Linguistics |
| DBIm | Ryken, Leland, James C. Wilhoit, and Tremper Longman III, eds. Dictionary of Biblical Imagery: An Encyclopedic Exploration of the Images, Symbols, Motifs, Metaphors, Figures of Speech and Literary Patterns of the Bible. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1998 |
| DCH | Clines, David J. A., ed. Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. 9 vols. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, 1993â2016 |
| DISO | Jean, Charles François and Jacob Hoftijzer, eds. Dictionnaire des inscriptions sémitiques de lâouest. Leiden: Brill, 1965 |
| DOTWPW | Longman, Tremper, and Peter Enns, eds. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry and Writings. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2008 |
| DJD | Discoveries in the Judaean Desert. 40 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1951â2011 |
| DNWSI | Hoftjizer, Jacob, and Karen Jongeling. Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1995 |
| DQA | Cook, Edward M. A Dictionary of Qumran Aramaic. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015 |
| DSD | Dead Sea Discoveries |
| DULAT | Olmo Lete, Gregorio del, and JoaquÃn SanmartÃn. A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. Translated and edited by W. G. E. Watson. 3rd ed. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2015 |
| DZA | âDigitalisiertes Zettelarchiv des Wörterbuchs der ägyptischen Spracheâ in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae (https://aaew.bbaw.de/tla/). Edited by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, 2014. All data cited reflects the database as of May, 2022. |
| EANEC | Explorations in Ancient Near Eastern Civilisations |
| ÃBib | Ãtudes bibliquès |
| ECDSS | Eerdmans Commentary on the Dead Sea Scrolls |
| EHD | Wallis Budge, Ernest Alfred. An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary. 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1920 |
| EJL | Early Judaism and Its Literature |
| ÃP | Ãtudes Platoniciennes |
| FCG 1 | Langacker, Ronald W. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Theoretical Prerequisites. Volume 1. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987 |
| FCG 2 | Langacker, Ronald W. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Descriptive Application. Volume 2. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991 |
| FFS | Fokus Fortifikation Studies |
| FHN | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| FRLANT | Forschung zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments |
| FOTL | Forms of the Old Testament Literature |
| FPsy | Frontiers in Psychology |
| FrameNet | |
| Gardiner | Gardiner, Alan H., Catalogue of the Egyptian hieroglyphic printing type, from matrices owned and controlled by Dr. Alan H. Gardiner. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1928 |
| GBS | Gorgias Biblical Studies |
| GKC | Gesenius, Wilhelm. Geseniusâ Hebrew Grammar. Edited by Emil Kautzsch. Translated by Arthur E. Cowley. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910 |
| GVG | Brockelmann, Carl. Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen. 2 vols. Berlin: Reuther & Reichard, 1908â1913 |
| HALOT | Koehler, L., W. Baumgartner, and J. J. Stamm, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Translated and edited under the supervision of Mervyn E. J. Richardson. 4 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1994â1999 |
| HCOT | Historical Commentary on the Old Testament |
| HCP | Human Cognitive Processing |
| HÃO | Hautes Ãtudes Orientales |
| HMJPS | Humana Mente: Journal of Philosophical Studies |
| HS | Hebrew Studies |
| HSK | Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft/Handbooks of Linguistic and Communication Science |
| HSM | Harvard Semitic Monographs |
| HTR | Harvard Theological Review |
| HUCA | Hebrew Union College Annual |
| HvTSt | HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies |
| IBHS | Waltke, Bruce K., and Michael OâConnor. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1990 |
| IBC | Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching |
| ICC | International Critical Commentary |
| IJL | International Journal of Lexicography |
| IOS | Israel Oriental Studies |
| IPRG | Intercultural Pragmatics |
| JANER | Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions |
| Jastrow | Jastrow, Morris, comp. A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature with an Index of Scriptural Quotations. London: Luzac, 1903 |
| JBL | Journal of Biblical Literature |
| JCS | Journal of Cognitive Semiotics |
| JCSci | Journal of Cognitive Science |
| JEP | Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition |
| JML | Journal of Memory and Language |
| JNES | Journal of Near Eastern Studies |
| JNeuro | Journal of Neuroscience |
| JNSL | Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages |
| Joüon | Paul Joüon & Takamitsu Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, rev. ed. (SubBi 27) Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 2006 |
| JPrag | Journal of Pragmatics |
| JPSBC | Jewish Publication Society Bible Commentary |
| JRAI | Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute |
| JSJSupp | Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism |
| JSOT | Journal for the Study of the Old Testament |
| JSOTSup | Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series |
| JSP | Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha |
| JSPSup | Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Supplements |
| JSS | Journal of Semitic Studies |
| JT | Journal of Translation |
| JTS | Journal of Theological Studies |
| K&D | Keil, C. F., and F. Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. Translated by J. Martin et al. 25 vols. Edinburgh, 1957â1978. Reprint, 10 vols. Peabody, 1996 |
| KAI | Donner, H., and W. Röllig, Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften. 2nd ed. Leipzig; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1966â1969 |
| KHC | Kurzer Hand-Commentar zum Alten Testament |
| KTU | Manfried, Dietrich, Oswald Loretz, and JoaquÃn SanmartÃn, Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen OrtenâThe Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places. 3rd enlarged ed., (AOAT 360/1), Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2013 |
| KUSATU | Kleine Untersuchungen zur Sprach des Alten Testaments und seiner Umwelt |
| LAL | Learning About Language |
| LBS | Linguistic Biblical Studies |
| LCM | Language, Cognition, and Mind |
| LEH | Lust, Johan, Erik Eynikel, and Katrin Huspie, Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint, 3rd ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2015 |
| LHBOTS | Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Series |
| LSAWS | Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic |
| LSJ | Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, and Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed. with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996 |
| MetaNet | |
| MO | Mundus Orientis: Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Cultures |
| MSt | Monographien und Studienbücher |
| NETS | Wright, Benjamin G., and Albert Pietersma, eds. A New English Translation of the Septuagint: And the Other Greek Translations Traditionally Included under That Title. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007 |
| NIB | The New Interpreterâs Bible. Edited by Leander E. Keck. 12 vols. Nashville: Abingdon, 1994â2004 |
| NICOT | New International Commentary on the Old Testament |
| NIDNTTE | Silva, Moisés, ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis. 2nd ed. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014 |
| NIDOTTE | VanGemeren, Willem A., ed. New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997 |
| NSBT | New Studies in Biblical Theology |
| OBO | Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis |
| OHL | Oxford Handbooks in Linguistics |
| OLA | Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta |
| OPS | Oxford Psychology Series |
| ORA | Orientalische Religionen in der Antike |
| OTE | Old Testament Essays |
| OTL | Old Testament Library |
| OTP | Charlesworth, James H., ed. Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983â1985 |
| OxTL | Oxford Textbooks in Linguistics |
| PAT | Hillers, D. R. and E. Cussinie, eds. Palmyrene Aramaic Texts. Baltimore; London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996 |
| PBM | Paternoster Biblical Monographs |
| PBR | Progress in Brain Research |
| PDÃ | Probleme der Ãgyptologie |
| PHSC | Perspectives on Hebrew Scriptures and Its Contexts |
| PhR | The Philosophical Review |
| PhilS | Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition |
| PIAS | Publication of the Institute for Advanced Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| PJTC | Perspectives on Jewish Texts and Contexts |
| PSB | Princeton Seminary Bulletin |
| Pyr. | Sethe, Kurt. Die Altaegyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrücken und Photographien des Berliner Museums. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1908 |
| QdS | Quaderni di semantica |
| RB | Revue biblique |
| RBS | Resources for Biblical Study |
| RCL | Review of Cognitive Linguistics |
| RHR | Revue de lâhistoire des religions |
| RevQ | Revue de Qumran |
| RSPhTh | Revue des Sciences philosophique et théologiques |
| RTR | Reformed Theological Review |
| SAIS | Studies in the Aramaic Interpretation of Scripture |
| SALALS | Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies |
| SAM | Studies in Ancient Medicine |
| SBFA | Studium Biblicum Franciscanum. Analecta |
| SBLAIL | Society of Biblical Literature: Ancient Israel and Its Literature |
| SBLANEM | Society of Biblical Literature: Ancient Near Eastern Monographs |
| SBLCS | Society of Biblical Literature Commentary on the Septuagint |
| SBLDS | Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series |
| SBLMS | Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series |
| SBLSymS | Society of Biblical Literature Symposium Series |
| SBOTB | Soncino Books of the Bible |
| SCS | Septuagint and Cognate Studies |
| SDBH | Blois, Reinier de, ed. Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew, United Bible Societies. (https://semanticdictionary.org) All data cited reflects the database as of May, 2022. |
| Sef | Sefarad |
| SJOT | Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament |
| SOGBC | Story of God Bible Commentary |
| SSL | Syriac Studies Library |
| SSN | Studia Semitica Neerlandica |
| ST | Studia Theologica |
| STDJ | Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah |
| StPohl | Studia Pohl |
| SubBi | Subsidia Biblica |
| TBN | Themes in Biblical Narrative |
| TBT | The Bible Translator |
| TDNT | Kittel, Gerhard, and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964â1976 |
| TDOT | Botterweck, G. Johannes, Helmer Ringgren, and Heinz-Josef Fabry, eds. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Translated by John T. Willis et al. 15 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974â2006 |
| THB | Text of the Hebrew Bible |
| Them | Themelios |
| ThIn | Theologie Interdisziplinär |
| THOTC | Two Horizons Old Testament Commentary |
| TiLSM | Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs |
| TLG | Pantelia, Maria C. ed. Thesaurus Linguae Graecae Digital Library. Irvine: University of California. (http://www.tlg.uci.edu) All data cited reflects the database as of May, 2022. |
| TLOT | Jenni, Ernst, and Claus Westermann, eds. Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Translated by Mark E. Biddle. 3 vols. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1997 |
| TOTC | Tyndale Old Testament Commentary |
| TT | Theology Today |
| TynBul | Tyndale Bulletin |
| UCS | Understanding Complex Systems |
| UDB | Cunchillos, Jesús-Luis, Juan-Pablo Vita, and José-Ãngel Zamora, eds. Ugaritic Data Bank: The Texts. (BDFSN) Madrid: Laboratorio de Hermeneumática, 2003 |
| UF | Ugarit-Forschungen |
| UTB | Understanding the Bible Commentary |
| VT | Vetus Testamentum |
| VTSup | Supplements to Vetus Testamentum |
| WAW | Writings from the Ancient World |
| Wb. | Erman, Adolf and Hermann Grapow, eds. Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache. 5 vols. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1926â1961 |
| WBC | Word Biblical Commentary |
| WBCR | Wiley Blackwell Companions |
| WTJ | Westminster Theological Journal |
| ZAH | Zeitschrift für Althebräistik |
| ZAW | Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft |
| ZBAT | Zürcher Bibelkommentare Alte Testament |