Index
Aaron (prophet)
200, 206
Abbasids (Arab clan)
208
Abgar (king of Edessa)
199, 209
Abimelech (Philistine king)
219
Abkhazia (historical region in Georgia)
213
Abraham (biblical patriarch)
219
Achtum (Hungarian duke)
6, 151, 157, 163, 240–42, 245, 247, 261, 263, 272, 327, 332
Adalbert of Prague (saint)
329
Adelaide (princess of Árpádian dinasty)
177
Adornoc / Adornok (Hungarian nobleman)
269
Adrian IV (pope)
296
Adrianople (Bulgarian fortress)
57–59, 67n51, 71, 226
Adrianyi, Gabriel (Hungarian historian)
180
Adriatic coast
67n48, 307
Aelian(us Tacticus) (Greek writer)
221
Africa (Byzantine province)
236
Agrij (river)
153
Aiton (Romanian village)
163
Ajton(y) see Achtum
Akhal Teke (horse breed)
232
Alania (medieval kingdom of the Iranian Alans)
213–15, 236, 237
Alans (Iranian nomadic people)
213, 214
Alardus (Transylvanian nobleman)
353
Alba (Romanian county)
60, 75, 164
Alba Iulia (Romanian city)
1–3, 7, 11–13, 15, 16, 18–20, 29, 32, 37, 41, 42, 43–53, 55, 60, 62, 70, 71, 73–75, 78–80, 82n17, 95, 104, 106, 107n124, 108, 109, 111–14, 125, 143, 155, 157, 159, 164, 165, 167, 173–76, 178, 181, 182, 238–40, 251, 254, 326, 338, 339–41, 344n186, 346, 348–53, 359, 365, 366n27, 375, 383, 384, 386–88
Alba Iulia I (archeological horizon)
42n65
‘Antena Orange’
43n69, 80, 96, 108
‘Apor’ Palace
53
‘Băile Romane’
44, 80, 104n105, 108
Batthyaneum Library
170
Brândușei Street
43, 44, 45, 78, 80, 94–96, 104, 108, 113, 182
Bulgarian fort
108
cathedral Ia see pillared church
cathedral Ib see Romanesque basilica
‘Dealul Furcilor’
43, 82n20
Episcopal Palace
14, 17, 21n28, 53, 108, 109, 165, 254
first cathedral see Romanesque basilica
‘1st December 1918’ University
2
Former Military Hospital see Museikon
‘Izvorul Împăratului’
43–45, 48, 51, 73, 78, 80, 88, 94, 96, 99, 104, 108, 111–14, 182
Habsburg citadel
1, 14, 16, 382
‘Lumea Nouă’
71, 75
medieval cemetery
79
medieval citadel / fortress
19, 78
Municipal Stadium
71
Museikon
80, 108
National Museum of the Union
1, 7, 11, 79, 81n13
Orange Transmission Station see Antena Orange
Orthodox Archbishopric
1, 2, 4
pillared / Byzantine church discovered in 2011
4, 7, 14, 16, 17, 20–28, 30, 32, 33–39, 41–43, 46–50, 54–56, 61, 62, 70, 73, 75n77, 108–09, 149, 165, 166, 181, 240, 247, 248, 252–55, 259, 339, 346, 349, 350, 351, 357–59, 363, 365–68, 370–71, 373–75, 378, 380–85, 387–88
Ravelin of St. Francisc de Paola
80, 108
‘Roman Bath’ see ‘Băile Romane’
Roman-Catholic / Latin (arch)bishopric residence see Episcopal Palace
Roman cemetery / necropolis
79–82
Roman fortress / wall
14–16, 19, 27, 28, 30, 32, 42, 45, 46, 53, 54, 62, 78, 107, 108, 109, 113–14, 251, 347, 366
Romanesque basilica / cathedral / church
1, 4, 5, 13, 16–20, 32, 34n49, 42, 45–50, 165, 240, 247, 253–54, 351, 359, 366n26, 387, 389
rotunda / round church
3, 16, 17, 18, 47, 49, 339, 346, 351, 359
‘Spitalul Veterinar’
79
Saint Michael Roman-Catholic cathedral
1, 5, 11, 14, 16–21, 30n45, 32, 46, 49–53, 56, 61, 78, 80, 88n30, 108–09, 112, 114, 252, 259n13, 339, 346, 353, 365, 382, 384
Septimius Severus Street (archaeological site)
71n68
‘Stația de Salvare’ I cemetery
28, 42, 45, 48, 60, 61, 71, 73, 75n77, 78–91, 92, 94, 97, 105, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 182
‘Stația de Salvare’ II cemetery
42–45, 82n17, 92, 94–96, 98, 100–02, 104–05, 110–11
Vânătorilor Street
44, 78, 80, 81, 95, 104n105, 108
Alberic (Lombard prince)
190, 195, 207
Aldea, Ioan Alexandru (Romanian archaeologist)
79n9
Alexander III (pope)
294n30
Alexander VI (pope)
309
Alexander the Great (king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon)
73n72
Alexandria (patriarchate)
208–11
Alexios I Komnenos (Byzantine emperor)
136, 185, 220
Alexios Studites (ecumenical patriarch)
258n7, 262–63
Aljmaš (Croatian village)
276
Almaș (river)
153
Álmos / Almus (Hungarian chieftain)
150, 152, 154, 250
Alpár (Hungarian village)
276
Alpine region
93
Alzati, Cesare (Italian historian)
292
Amasia (village in Armenia)
196–97
Ampelum (Roman town, now Romanian town Zlatna)
82
Ampoi (river)
109
Ampoi Valley
110
Anaclet II (antipope)
305
Anastasia of Kiev (queen of Hungary)
266
Anastasios of Herakleia (metropolitan)
189
Anastasiu, Florian (Romanian archaeologist)
121, 140
Anastasius of Esztergom (abbot)
287–88, 332
Anastasius of Sclavonia (abbot)
287
Anatolian troops
226
Anatolius (Greek writer)
221
Ancona (Italian city)
291
Andreicuț, Andrei (Romanian Orthodox archbishop)
1
Andrew (apostle)
371–72n33
Andrew I (Hungarian king)
44, 45, 104, 150, 265–66, 301–02, 333–34
Andrew II (Hungarian king)
252
Andrić, Stanko (Croatian historian)
279–80
Angevins of Naples (royal house of French origin)
298n40, 299
Angevin court
298
Angevin era
309
Anghel, Gheorghe (Romanian archaeologist)
79n9
Anglicanism (doctrine including features of both Protestantism and Roman Catholicism)
345
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon Church
349
Anglo-Saxon England
324, 349
Anglo-Saxon missionary bishops
324
Anna Porphyrogenneta (Byzantine princess)
219, 359
Annales Posonienses (medieval chronicle)
332
Anonymous Notary (Hungarian chronicler)
149–57, 162, 251, 258, 338
Antioch (patriarchate)
208–11
Antiquity (historical period)
3, 327
Late Antiquity
220, 224, 320, 351n225
Antonios of Tourkia (bishop)
241, 254, 258–59
Antonova, Vera (Bulgarian archaeologist)
141–42, 145
Apostag (Hungarian village)
258n7
Apostolic See see Holy See
Apulum (capital of the Roman province of Dacia)
13, 78, 82, 251
Apulum (scientific journal of the Alba Iulia National Museum)
357, 382
Apulia see Puglia
Aquitaine (historical region in France)
295
Arabs
226
Arabic word
250
Aracs see Vranjevo
Aragon (medieval kingdom)
309
Arethas of Caesarea (Byzantine scholar)
188
Argeș
bishopric
174
river
65n42
Romanian county
75
Arieș (river)
155
Aristotle (Greek philosopher)
221
Arkadiupolis (Byzantine city, now Lüleburgaz in Turkey)
260n15
Arles (French city)
301n44
Armenia (country)
37
Arnulf of Carinthia (Carolingian king)
60, 109
Árpád (Hungarian chieftain)
151–52, 154, 156, 161n60, 234, 250, 256n1, 281
Árpádian age / period / time
30, 48, 81, 108, 336, 352, 363
Árpádian cemeteries
81
Árpádian deniers
34
Árpádian dynasty
281, 299
Árpádian kingdom
283, 298, 305, 307
Hungary
Árpádian prince
235
Árpádians
298n40, 304, 331n90
Arrabona (Roman fortress, now Győr in Hungary)
329
Asia Minor (region)
37, 226
Asian steppes
232
Asric / Astric / Asztrik (papal legate)
287–88, 327–28n58, 330, 332, 338
Anastasius of Esztergom
Atanasov, Georgi (Bulgarian archaeologist)
141, 145
Athens (capital of Greece)
221
Athos (mount)
261n16, 266, 278
Athonite monasteries
278
Dionysiou
Esphigmenou
Attica (historical region in Greece)
235
Augustine order (Catholic monastic order)
282
Aurillac (French town)
286
Ausgleich (German term for the Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1867)
4
Austria (empire)
Austria-Hungary
311n74, 313
Austrian monarchy
179
Avars (Eurasian nomads)
106, 228, 231, 251, 275
Avar burials / cemeteries
78, 106, 232
Avar domination
78
Avar invasion
226
Avar khaganate
109, 228, 291
Avar period
88, 232
Avradaka (Bulgarian village)
39, 70n61
Azo see Asric
Baán, István (Hungarian byzantinologist)
5, 6, 247, 335n126
Baćina (Croatian village)
371, 372n33
Bačka (historical region now split between Hungary and Serbia)
281
Bács (Hungarian Latin diocese, now Bač in Serbia)
246, 260n15, 276, 279, 281
Bahlcke, Joachim (German historian)
179
Bălan, Liviu (Romanian archaeologist)
103
Balbinus, Boleslaus (Jesuit historian)
177–78
Balics, Lajos (Hungarian theologian)
180
Bălgrad (Slavic name of Alba Iulia)
11, 109, 158, 159, 160, 162, 173, 240
Alba Iulia
voivodeship of Bălgrad
54, 107, 155, 157, 386
Balkans Mountains
238
Balkan-Danubian Culture (archaeological horizon)
29n41, 58
Balkan Peninsula
67, 75, 246
Balkan sites
112
Balkan(s) (region)
7, 37, 50, 75, 84, 95, 98, 99, 107, 210, 386
Baltic region
7, 322, 324, 347
Balsamon, Theodore (Byzantine scholar)
194n35
Băluță, Cloșca (Romanian archaeologist)
79n9
Banat (historical region now in Hungary and Romania)
6, 98, 106, 125–26, 130–32, 136, 143, 157–58, 163, 243–46, 271–73, 349
Banatsko Aranđelovo (Serbian village) see Oroszlámos
Bănescu, Nicolae (Romanian historian)
58
Bank of Pentele (abbot)
269
Barački, Stanimir (Serbian archaeologist)
145
Bárány-Oberschal, Magda von)
142–43, 146
Baranya (historical Hungarian county)
276
Barátpüspöki (Hungarian village)
165
Bârlogu (Romanian village)
66, 75
Barnea, Alexandru (Romanian archaeologist)
117, 120, 122, 124, 128–29, 139–40, 142, 144–45
Baronius, Caesare (Italian historian)
175
Bartholomew (Ecumenical patriarch)
182
Bartlett, Robert (English historian)
316, 319
Basil I (Byzantine emperor)
37, 57, 186, 213
Basil II Bulgaroktonos (Byzantine emperor)
160, 242–43, 245–46, 260n15, 263
Basil Lekapenos
223–24
Basil the Great (saint)
274
Basil the Younger (saint)
197, 227
Bavaria (medieval state)
289
Bavarian princess
329
Bavarian State Library
170
Bavarians
250
Bdin (Bulgarian name of Vidin)
238
Becsei, Imre (Hungarian nobleman)
269
Beguines (Christian lay religious order)
271
Bejan, Adrian (Romanian archaeogist)
126, 143–44
Békés (Hungarian county)
239, 333
Békéscsaba (Hungarian city)
143
Béla I (Hungarian king)
301–03
Béla III (Hungarian king)
34, 149–50, 264, 276–77, 279
Béla IV (Hungarian king)
164, 270, 298n40
Belgrade (capital of Serbia)
108, 112, 238, 242, 243, 247
Belgrade National Museum
141–42, 146
Belgrade in Transylvania see Alba Iulia
Beliud (Hungarian nobleman)
163
Benedict (of Skalka) (Benedictine saint)
308n65
Benedictines (Catholic monastic order)
275
Benedictine abbey / cloister / monastery
265–66, 273–75, 277–78, 335, 352, 386
Benedictine church
363–64
Benedictine monasticism
305
Benedictine monks
273, 281
Benevento (Italian city)
296, 303
Benkő, Elek (Hungarian historian)
28n39
Berend, Nora (Hungarian-English historian)
319
Berghin (Romanian village)
93
Beroe (Byzantine stronghold, now in Romania)
116–17, 139
Besançon (French city)
296, 301n44
Biharea / Biharia (Romanian village)
53n98, 74, 247, 333, 334
Bihor county (historical region now split between Hungary and Romania)
152, 165
Bihor / Bihar see Biharea
Biograd na Moru (Dalmatian town)
339n151
Birka (Viking city)
348
Bjelo Brdo (archaeological culture)
99, 104
Black Hungarians (Independent group of Hungarians)
301, 331
Black Sea
74
Blair, John (English historian)
350n218
Blăjan, Mihai (Romanian archaeologist)
43n71, 75, 79n9, 81, 82
Blandiana (Romanian village)
29, 30, 42, 60n25, 71n67, 89, 99, 107, 109, 112
Blandiana A (archaeological site)
81, 94, 106, 107
Blandiana B (archaeological site)
44n73
Bloch, Marc (French historian)
316
Bod, Péter (Hungarian scholar)
172, 178
Bodrum Camii (church in Istanbul)
38, 39
Bogomil heresy
160, 210–11, 220
Bohemia (medieval kingdom)
233, 298, 300–01n44, 305, 322, 329n63, 345, 352n228
Boleslaw Chrobry (Polish duke)
289, 290, 305
Bollandus, Joannes (Jesuit scholar)
170
Bolliac, Cezar (Romanian amateur archaeologist)
59n12
Bolosudes / Boulosoudes (Hungarian chieftain) see Bulcsú
Bolya (son of Gyula the Younger)
251
Bóna, István (Hungarian archaeologist)
48, 60, 106, 269
Boniface VIII (pope)
298n40
Bonipert of Pécs (bishop)
331
Bononia (Roman fort) see Vidin
Bonț (Romanian village)
155
Bonyha (son of Gyula the Younger)
251
Boris-Michael (Bulgarian khan)
211
Boroffka, Nikolaus (German archaeologist)
103
Borsad (Hungarian town)
143
Borsod (Hungarian fortress)
157
Borsu (Hungarian nobleman)
157
Bosnia (diocese)
340
Botezatu, Dan (Romanian anthropologist)
81n14
Bourdieu, Paul (French sociologist)
6
Brackmann, Albert (German historian)
289
Brăila (Romanian city)
65
Brăila (Romanian county)
139
Braničevo (Serbian village)
243–45
Bratei (Romanian village)
84n24
Brătianu, Gheorghe I. (Romanian historian)
58
Bratislava (capital of Slovakia)
169, 172, 327
British historiography
349
Brodskopolje (Serbian village)
244
Brühl, Carlrichard (German historian)
290
Bruno of Querfurt (bishop)
242, 330
Bucharest (capital of Romania)
5, 381n43
National Directorate of the Historical Monuments
1
Stavropoleos Monastery
383
Buchwald, Hans (American art historian)
361
Bucov (Romanian village)
59, 67n48, 71n67, 72n71, 73
Bucov-Rotari
64, 66, 70, 75, 76
Bucov-Tioca
70n64
Buda see Budapest
Budapest (capital of Hungary)
142, 357n1, 382n1
Budapest National Museum
142, 146
chapter of Óbuda
269, 333
Eötvös Loránd University
248n1
National Archive of Hungary
269n15
Bug (river)
137
Bugeac (historical region now split between Ukraine and Romania)
58
Buisson, Ludwig (German historian)
289
Bulcsú (Hungarian chieftain)
156, 175, 184–85, 233–35, 248, 256n1, 257n4, 337
Bulgaria (medieval kingdom)
7, 15, 29, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 50, 57–59, 61–63, 67, 68, 71–75, 88, 89, 94, 95, 106, 109, 113, 134, 137, 141–42, 145, 155, 157–60, 187–88, 210–11, 219, 238–39, 241–43, 245–46, 252, 264, 386
Bulgarian archaeologist / historians / researchers see Bulgarian historiography
Bulgarian cemeteries
60, 84, 93, 107
Bulgarian Church
159–60, 238, 241–42, 262
Bulgarian Patriarchy
243
Bulgarian cultural context
379
Bulgarian control
15n10, 29, 30, 58, 70, 110, 158–59, 388
Bulgarian ecclesiastical hierarchy see Bulgarian Church
Bulgarian elite(s)
73, 114
Bulgarian emperor
73, 109
Bulgarian Empire / state see Bulgaria
Bulgarian finds
107
Bulgarian fortress
109
Bulgarian historiography
57, 60, 106
Bulgarian horizon
106
Bulgarian influence
42, 58, 149, 264, 273
Bulgarian king see Bulgarian emperor
Bulgarian leader
18, 70
Bulgarian mission
213
Bulgarian rule see Bulgarian control
Bulgarian sites
110
Bulgarian tsardom see Bulgaria
Bulgar(ian)s
57, 60, 67, 109–11, 158–59, 162–63, 186, 188, 211, 213, 231, 238, 251
Bunger (Hungarian nobleman)
157
Burgos (Spanish city)
295
Burgundy (historical region in France)
297n36
Buzás, Gergely (Hungarian archaeologist)
48
Byzantine
Byzantine architecture see Byzantine style
Byzantine army
238, 241–42
Byzantine artifacts
43, 45, 50, 73n72
Byzantine artists
67, 274
Byzantine-Bulgarian war
242
Byzantine Christianity see Eastern Christianity
Byzantine chronicles
175, 176, 187, 338
Byzantine Church see Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Byzantine church(es)
40n61, 54n106, 266, 273, 279, 357, 359, 360–62
Byzantine civilization
93
Byzantine coins
239–40n5, 250, 270
Byzantine connection
134
Byzantine conquest
50, 243
Byzantine context
84, 375, 379
Byzantine craftsmen see Byzantine artists
Byzantine diplomacy
257, 268
Byzantine ecclesiastical organization see Eastern Church
Byzantine emperor(s)
57, 190, 272, 275, 299n41
Byzantine Empire
4, 6, 7, 15, 37, 38, 41, 51, 57, 66n48, 71, 75, 88, 89, 111, 114, 138–39, 157–58, 160, 162, 180, 184–87, 193, 198, 200, 204–06, 208–12, 214, 219, 226, 228, 230–31, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241–42, 245–47, 253, 256, 264, 271, 274, 278, 280, 290, 300, 324, 351n225, 380, 384n6, 385
Byzantine fashion
107
Byzantine forts
107–08
Byzantine icons
274, 275
Byzantine influence
66n46, 161, 188, 264, 273, 282n47, 286, 290, 335, 352, 359, 364, 388
Byzantine mission
7, 53n100, 112, 114, 139, 167–68, 176–77, 180, 182–84, 212, 237, 248–49, 254–56, 338, 340, 347
Byzantine model
346n199
Byzantine monasteries see Eastern rite monasteries
Byzantine monks
282, 335
Greek monks
Byzantine monuments see Byzantine artifacts
Byzantine navy
186, 191
Byzantine origin see Eastern origin
Byzantine patronage
272
Byzantine pectoral cross see enkolpion
Byzantine reliquary cross see enkolpion
Byzantine rite see Eastern rite
Byzantine-Rus’ war
75
Byzantine society
187
Byzantine spirituality
275
Byzantine sources
6
Byzantine chronicles
Byzantine style
6, 37, 39, 42, 50, 52n97, 53, 54n106, 149, 165, 253, 255, 348, 357, 377, 384, 387
Byzantine territory
74
Byzantine theology
6
Byzantine tradition
177, 261, 340
Byzantine world see Byzantine Empire
Byzantines
57n4, 62, 158, 162, 199, 208, 220, 228, 248
Byzantium see Byzantine Empire
Caesarea (town in Israel)
188, 224
Calabria (Italian region)
296, 305
Călărași (Romanian county)
59, 76, 77, 145
Câlnic (Romanian village)
106n113
Cambrai (French town)
301n44
Cambrai-Arras diocese
337n138
Cambridge (British University)
Emmanuel College
221
Campagna (Italian town)
303
Câmpeanu, Cornel (Romanian philologist)
173n29
Cantemir, Petru (Romanian anthropologist)
81n14
Capetians-Angevins see Angevins
Capidava (Dacian fortress, later Roman)
116, 118, 120–21, 125, 127–28, 130, 136, 139, 143
Capitani, Ovidio (Italian historian)
295n31
Cappadocia (region in Turkey)
205
Capua (Italian city)
296, 303
Căpușu (Romanian village)
164
Caransebeș (Romania city)
244
Caraș-Ezeriș basin
244
Carinthia (historical region in Austria)
60
Carlisle (English city)
329n68
Caroldu (daughter of Gyula the Elder)
162
Carolingian
Carolingian age see Carolingian period
Carolingian architecture / buildings
54n106, 347n204
Carolingian church
54n106
Carolingian cemeteries
93
Carolingian Empire
88, 106, 284, 291, 322
Carolingian heritage
285
Carolingian influence
106, 211
Carolingian period
40n59, 95n67, 322
Carolingian theology
323n29
Carpathian Mountains
59, 61, 72, 74, 89, 109, 139, 228
Carpathian Basin
2, 7, 32, 37, 50, 62, 71, 74, 95, 96, 98, 99, 104, 110, 112, 232, 248, 250, 254–56n1, 264, 338, 386, 387n15
Carpathian Plateau
13
Carpathian region
84, 107
Curvature Carpathians
72
intra-Carpathian territory
149, 159, 162
Subcarpathian hills
63
Western Carpathians
82, 110
Căscioarele (Romanian village)
59, 63, 64, 67, 68, 72n71, 76
Caspian Sea
232
Cassovia see Košice
Castile (medieval kingdom)
309
Catherine (saint)
271
Cătina (Romanian village)
155
Caucasus (region)
213
Ceacalopol, Gloria (Romanian archaeologist)
139
Ceanu Mare (Romanian village)
163
Ceaușescu, Nicolae (Romanian communist leader)
3, 5, 58
Celei (Romanian village)
59
Cenad (Romanian village)
262n18, 308, 326–27, 332, 335, 346, 350
Cenadu Vechi (Romanian village)
260n14–15, 271–72
Ćepigovo (Serbian village)
141
Cerna Valley
244
Cernat (Romanian village)
109, 112
Cetatea Albă (Ukrainian city, now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi)
143
Chalcedon (now Kadiköy, in Turkey)
Chan see Ceanu Mare
Chanadin (military chieftain)
240, 272–73
Charlemagne (Holy Roman emperor)
106, 284
Charles I of Hungary (king)
299
Charles Robert of Anjou (Hungarian king)
269, 298n40
Charon (ferryman of Hades)
46
charter (written document guaranteeing rights)
267–70, 276–80, 287, 327–29, 331, 335
Chartres (French city)
331
Chazars see Khazars
Cheluță-Georgescu, N. (Romanian historian)
127, 144
Chernigov (Ukrainian city)
266
Cherson(es) (Ukrainian city)
68, 143
Cheynet, Jean-Caude (French byzantinologist)
188
Chifăr, Nicolae Călin (Romanian architect)
357
China (country)
232
Chiraleș (Romanian village)
351
Chirnogi (Romanian village)
63, 64, 66–68, 72n71, 76, 77
Christ see Jesus Christ
Christendom
184, 295, 354
Christianity
Latin Christendom
326, 340
Christian Church see Christianity
Christian Empire see Holy Roman Empire
Christian mission
285–288, 301
Christianization
Christianity
3, 5, 6, 43, 45, 57n1, 61, 137–38, 150, 159–60, 181, 185, 212–14, 231, 239, 248–49, 256–57, 275, 288, 300, 304, 308–09, 311, 323–24, 337, 343, 345–47, 349, 353, 358–59, 386n8
Byzantine Christianity see Eastern Christianity
Eastern Christianity
7, 51, 180, 252, 256, 269, 316, 384n6
Hungarian Christianity
3, 168, 173, 248
Latin Christianity see Western Christianity
Romanian Christianity
2, 3
Western Christianity
7, 248, 253, 317, 320, 384n6
conversion
Christianization
1, 7, 46, 51–53, 55, 62n32, 72–74, 88, 114, 172, 174–76, 180, 182, 213, 256–57, 287–88, 304, 319, 323, 326, 332–33, 336, 344, 348, 359, 387
conversion
Christodulus of Jerusalem (patriarch)
208
Christopher Lekapenos (Byzantine emperor)
186, 188, 193
Chronicon Pictum Vindobonense (medieval chronicle)
110, 157, 161, 163
Chrysos, Evangelos (Greek historian)
237
Chussal / Chussol (Hungarian chieftain)
250
Cibulka, Josef (Czech historian)
39
Cistercian monks (Catholic monastic order)
268
Cistercian Marian devotion
293
Ciucă, V. (Romanian archaeologist)
77
Ciugudean, Horia (Romanian archaeologist)
43, 78, 79n9, 83, 85–87, 90–92, 97, 100–103, 105, 111–12, 114, 339n153, 347n202, 349n217
Ciumbrud (Romanian village)
60n25, 93, 103, 106–07, 112
Ciupercă, Bogdan (Romanian archaeologist)
77
Clement I (saint pope)
171
Clement III (pope)
307
Clement VI (pope)
260n16, 280
Cluj-Mănăștur (Romanian settlement)
247
Benedictine convent
155
fortification
153
Cluj(-Napoca) (Romanian city)
2, 12, 74, 75, 94, 99, 110, 153–55, 163–64, 169–70, 182n74, 251, 341, 381n43, 386
Cluj area
110–11
Cluj county
140, 163–65
Central University Library
170
Institute of Archaeology and History
79, 81
Jesuit Academy
3, 170
Cluny (Frech village)
287, 296, 295
Cluniac monks
296
Order of Cluny
295, 302
Clus (Transylvanian fortification) see Cluj-Mănăștur
Cologne (region)
295
Coloman the Learned (Hungarian king)
30, 34, 45, 47, 252, 267, 274, 307, 310, 334, 336, 342
Columns of Hercules (the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar)
236
Comșa, Maria (Romanian archaeologist)
58, 59, 64, 67, 70n64, 75–77
Constance (German city)
311
Council of Constance
312, 314, 315
Constanța (Romanian city)
125, 144
Constanța (Romanian county)
140, 144
Constantine I the Great (Roman emperor)
184, 210, 218, 286
Constantinian-Justinian tradition
285
Donation of Constantine
294n30, 303, 310
Constantine III of Abkhazia (prince)
213
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (Byzantine emperor)
73n72, 156, 158, 160–61, 184–85, 187, 191, 193–94, 198–99, 202–03, 206, 209, 212, 214, 216, 218–19, 221–22, 224–25, 232–36, 239, 244, 248, 256n1, 259
Constantine VIII (Byzantine emperor)
135, 263
Constantine Lekapenos (Byzantine emperor)
186n6, 187, 199, 202
Constantinople (capital of Byzantine Empire)
1–5, 15, 57, 67n48, 73, 112, 136, 159–60, 167, 174, 176–77, 182, 184–85, 187, 189–93, 195, 198–200, 204, 206–13, 215–19, 221, 224, 226–28, 230, 232–33, 235–37, 248, 250, 256–58n7, 261n16, 263n23, 264, 276, 280, 282, 286, 299n41, 310, 335–38, 345, 348, 358–59, 384n6, 387–88
Constantinopolitan context see Byzantine context
Constantinopolitan influence see Byzantine influence
Constantinopolitans
286
Church of Constantinople see Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Church of St. Irene
197
Church of St. Mary of Blachernae
187, 199, 201
Church of St. Mary of Pharos
199
Church of the Holy Apostles
203–04, 224
Council of Constantinople
258n7
Golden Gate
201
Magnaura (the Imperial palace)
37, 192–94
conversion (to Christianity)
61, 171, 180, 263, 308, 311, 323, 329n63, 330
Corabia (Romanian town)
59, 62n34
Corinth (Greek town)
67n48
Cornides, Daniel (Zipser historian)
172
Corsica (island)
303
Cosma, Călin (Romanian archaeologist)
115, 138, 140, 338n142, 347n202
Cosmas (saint doctor)
171
Coutances (French diocese)
351n224
Cremona (Italian city)
187
Crete (island) see Venetian Crete
Criș (river)
239, 250, 358
Crișul Alb
240
Croatia (country)
141, 303–04, 306–07, 334, 339n151, 364
Csanád see Cenad
Csanád see Chanadin
Csanád, Bálint (Hungarian archaeologist)
98
Cseles, Martin (Jesuit monk)
174
Csemegi, József (Hungarian architect)
266
Cserni, Béla (Hungarian scholar)
79
Csongrád (Hungarian county)
239
Culan (Hungarian nobleman)
163
Cumans (Turkic nomadic people)
154
Cumans diocese
340
Curcuas, John (Byzantine general)
198
Curta, Florin (Romanian-American archaeologist)
4, 15, 56, 57, 65, 157, 319, 339n153, 347n203
Cuvin (Serbian village)
245, 246
Cyprus (medieval Latin kingdom)
345, 350
Cyril (saint)
177, 183
Cyrillic alphabet
160, 176
Czech Republic (country)
134, 138–39, 142, 340
Czeglédy, Károly (Hungarian orientalist)
234, 235
Dăbâca (Romanian village)
Transylvanian fortress
116–18, 123, 133, 138–40, 153, 164–65, 386
residence of the Latin Bishopric of Transylvania
165, 341
Dacia (Roman province)
13, 78
Dacia Apulensis
13
Dacian-Romanian theory of continuity
253n26
Duchy of Gyla
175, 178
Dalmatia (Croatian region)
266, 305, 307, 364
Dalmatian cities
307
Dalmatian coast
372
Dalmatian cultural context
375
Damian (saint doctor)
171
Damian, Oana (Romanian archaeologist)
64, 76
Dan, Dorin Ovidiu (Romanain historian)
79n9
Daniel (prophet)
189, 219
Danube (river)
15n10, 37, 40n62, 41, 57–59, 61–63, 65, 67, 68, 70–72, 74, 75, 88, 109, 138–39, 158, 160, 226–27, 232, 238, 240, 242, 244–45, 253, 259, 269, 273, 276, 278n40, 301, 328
Danube Delta
58, 232
Danubian region
107, 238–39, 241–42, 244, 247
Lower Danube region
29, 42, 60, 61, 69n56, 72, 89, 93–95, 107, 137, 238, 246
Danubian tradition
113
Transdanubian region
Daphnopates, Theodore (imperial secretary)
189, 190
Darrouzès, Jean (French byzantinologist)
197, 261n16
David (king of Alans)
214
David (prophet)
189, 200, 219
David-Ioannes (Bulgarian archbishop)
262
David of Pannonhalma (abbot)
281
De administrando imperio (Byzantine chronicle)
161, 239, 256n1
Delidimos, Irineos (Greek historian)
167, 168
Demetrios / Demetrius (saint)
258–59, 273, 275–81, 335, 352n228
Demetrios of Tourkia (bishop)
241, 254, 258, 261
Demetrius (priest)
276
Demetrius Zvonimir see Zwonimir of Dalmatia
Demus, Otto (Austrian byzantinologist)
359
Denmark (country)
323
Danish border
301n44
Danish lands
324
Danish monarchy
324
Densuș (Romanian village)
40, 41, 53, 368, 375n35, 380
D’Eszlary, Charles (Hungarian historian)
310
Diaconu, Petre (Romanian archaeologist)
75–77, 119, 127–28, 140, 145
Dibiskos (Byzantine parish)
244–45
Dienes, István (Hungarian historian)
181
Dincă, Adinel C. (Romanian historian)
316, 354
Dinogeția (Dacian fortress, later Roman, now Garvăn)
116, 122–125, 128–131, 135–36, 140, 142, 144
Dionysiou (Athonite monastery)
261n16
Divich gora (Ukrainian village)
143
Dniester (river)
138
Doboka see Dăbâca
Dobrudja (historical region in Romania)
62, 131–33, 136, 138, 246, 349
Dolj (Romanian county)
77
Dolojman-Bisericuță (archaeological site in Dobrudja)
116–17, 123, 140
Dombó see Rakovac
Dominic of Esztergom (archbishop)
329
Domnești (Romanian village)
164
Doncheva-Petkova, Ludmila (Bulgarian archaeologist)
145
Döring, Heinrich (German writer)
179
Dracula (Wallachian voivode Vlad Țepeș)
8
Dragotă, Aurel (Romanian archaeologist)
43, 44, 78, 90–92, 97, 100–03, 143, 339n153, 347n202, 349n217
Drăguț, Vasile (Romanian art historian)
369
Dridu (Romanian village)
Dridu culture
29n41, 58n10, 60n18
Dristra (Byzantine province)
238
Dristra see Silistra
Drugeth, John (Hungarian palatine)
269
Dubravica (Serbian village)
145, 244
Morava
Duh of Zagreb (bishop)
334
Dumbovo see Rakovac
Dumitran, Ana (Romanian historian)
56, 237, 382
Dunapentele (Hungarian city)
141, 269, 270
Greek nunnery
269–271
Monastery of St. Pantaleon
269–71
Dunaszekcső (Hungarian village)
146
Dunaújváros (Hungarian city) see Dunapentele
Durham (English city)
329n68
Dymaczewska, Urszula (Polish archaeologist)
141, 145
Dymaczewsky, Aleksander (Polish archaeologist)
141, 145
East (Orthodox world) see Eastern world
Christianity – Eastern Christianity
Eastern Christian Romanness
237
Eastern Church
13, 50, 53n98, 168, 176, 182, 205, 238–39, 242, 255, 261–62, 281, 296, 349
Eastern churches
364
Eastern Englishmen (knights who fled from England to Byzantium)
260n15
Eastern mission see Byzantine mission
Eastern patriarch(ate)s
199, 208–09, 212, 236, 382
Eastern rite
6, 18, 218, 247–48, 254, 259–61, 264, 266, 271, 276, 281–82, 316, 332, 334–35, 338, 340, 348n211, 350
Eastern rite monasteries
259–61, 263–66, 269–82, 335
Eastern origin
55, 270, 281
Eastern Roman Empire see Byzantine Empire
Eastern saints
171
Eastern world
288
Christianity
Ebes (Hungarian village)
165
ecclesiology
283
Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
5, 167, 182, 190, 195, 198, 200, 209, 212, 221–22, 236, 242, 247, 277, 382
Eder, Joseph Karl (German historian)
173
Edessa (city in Upper Mesopotamia)
198, 199, 209
Edumenec (Hungarian nobleman)
150
Edunec (Hungarian nobleman)
150
Eger (Hungarian city)
142–43, 326, 330, 333–34, 346
Eichstätt (Bavarian town)
318
Emeric (Hungarian king)
30
Emeric (Hungarian saint prince)
247, 298, 300, 308n65
England (medieval kingdom)
297–98, 307, 321, 323–24, 347, 351n227
English Channel (arm of the Atlantic Ocean)
295
English kingdom see England
English-German influence
324n31
enkolpion, pl. enkolpia (reliquary crosses)
112, 130–33, 135–38, 239, 347, 386
Bulgarian enkolpia
73, 74n74
Byzantine enkolpia
115, 338
Kievan enkolpia
115
Enlightenment (intellectual and philosophical movement)
168, 173–74, 179, 181
pre-Enlightenment
167, 168, 172
Entz, Géza (Hungarian historian)
16
Eperjes (Hungarian village)
172
Erdut (Croatian village)
276
Esculeu (Romanian village, now Așchileu)
154
Esphigmenou (Athonite monastery)
261n16
Esztergom (Hungarian city)
242, 265, 287–88, 298n38, 326, 328–29, 331, 334, 352
Esztergom Benedictional
352
Esztergom Museum
146
Eternal City see Rome
Ethiopia (country)
217
Euchologion Barberini (Greek manuscript)
348
Eumelus (Greek writer)
221
Euphrosyne of Kiev (queen of Hungary)
277
Europe (continent)
4, 54, 55, 88, 95, 285, 291, 300, 305, 316, 318–19, 322, 324, 342, 344, 388
Byzantine Europe
352n228
Central Europe
99, 134, 136, 138, 159, 278, 283, 294, 300, 303, 318, 324n31, 380
Christian Europe
291
East-Central Europe
8, 323
Eastern Europe
68n55, 283–84, 289, 294, 300, 317, 319, 350
European context
345
European continent see Europe
European elites
325
European historiography
172, 287, 297
European peoples
181
European peripheries
344n188
European workshop
50
Europeanization
316, 344, 353
Latin Europe
321–22, 344, 354
Medieval Europe
81
Northern Europe
301n44, 317, 319, 323, 344
South-Eastern Europe
99, 134, 136–39, 161, 278, 318–19, 324, 346n199
Western Europe
134, 341, 352n228, 387
New Europe
Eustratios (metropolitan of Alania)
214
Eutychius of Alexandria (patriarch)
208
Euthymios (ecumenical patriarch)
226
Euthymius (missionary monk)
213
Ezelech (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Fabian of Kalocsa (archbishop)
260n15
Fărcașul (mountain peak in Western Carpathians)
153
Featherstone, Michael (French byzantinologist)
217
Fejér, György (Hungarian theologian)
294n30
Feldebrő (Hungarian village)
363–65
Felsőszentivánpuszta (Hungarian village)
142
Fenari Isa Camii (church in Istanbul)
38
Ferdinand de Aragon (king of Spain)
309
Ferincz, István (Hungarian slavist)
256n1
Fermo (Italian town)
303
Fiedler, Uwe (German archaeologist)
60
First Bulgarian Empire see Bulgaria
First Turkish khaganate
228
Fliche, Augustin (French historian)
306n60
Florescu, Radu (Romanian historian)
121, 127, 139, 144
Flusin, Bernard (French byzantinologist)
206, 211
Folz, Robert (French medievalist)
290, 308
Font, Márta (Hungarian historian)
180
Fourth Crusade
260n15, 264, 273
Fraknói, Vilmos (Hungarian historian)
313
France (medieval kingdom)
307, 323–24, 331
Franco episcopus Bellegradiensis
338
Frankfurt(-am-Main) (German city)
168, 181, 300n42
Franks (group of Germanic peoples)
109, 185
Frecăței (Romanian village) see Beroe
Frederick I Barbarossa (Holy Roman Emperor)
296
Frederick II (Holy Roman Emperor)
297
French kingdom see France
French kings
309
Fried, Johannes (German historian)
290
Frînculeasa, Alin (Romanian archaeologist)
77
Frisia (province of the Netherlands)
347
Fulbert of Chartres (bishop)
331
Gaan (Transylvanian nobleman)
353
Gabriel (Magister)
270
Gabriel juxta Honrad (pseudonym of Gottfried Schwartz)
168
Gabriel Radomir (Bulgarian prince)
239
Galatia (ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia)
310
Galicia (medieval state historically known as Kingdom of Ruthenia)
277
Gáll, Erwin (Romanian-Hungarian archaeologist)
74
Gallicanism (doctrine regulating the relationship between the Catholic Church and the state)
345
Gâmbaș (Romanian village)
98
Garvăn (Romanian village) see Dinogeția
Gasparri, Pietro (Vatican secretary of state)
311
Gelou (Romanian duke)
151–153, 155
George (saint)
271–74, 332, 352n228
George of Selishte (Bulgarian aristocrat)
69n59
Georgieva, Sonja (Bulgarian archaeologist)
141, 145
Georgius of Kalocsa (archbishop)
335
Gerbert d’Aurillac (abbot) see Sylvester II
Gergeli, Georgius (Hungarian student)
170
Gerhard (saint bishop of Csanád)
151, 158, 241–42, 261, 265, 271–72, 308n65, 327, 332
Germany (country)
179, 219, 285, 289–91, 296–97, 303, 321, 346n199
German annals
251
German author
253n26
German annals
German Church
291n22
German cultural space
171–72
German dynasties
345
German dioceses
327
German emperor
301
German Empire see Holy Roman Empire
German kingdom / lands see Germany
German language
172, 302
German missionary activity
324
German people
290
German territories
301–02, 329n68
German source
291
Germanic specificity
286
Germanic tribes
78
Germans
235
Gesta Hungarorum (Hungarian chronicle)
150–52, 154–55, 157, 251, 258
Geula see Gyula the Elder
Geula the Younger see Gyula the Younger
Geysa (Hungarian duke) see Géza
Géza (Hungarian grand prince)
162–63, 177–78, 239, 242, 251, 255, 260n15, 328–30
Géza I (Hungarian king)
252, 299, 303, 306–07n61, 333
Géza II (Hungarian king)
277
Ghent (Flemish city)
301n44
Ghirbom (Romanian village)
103, 107, 112
Gigen (Bulgarian village)
62n34
Gilău (Romanian town)
153–55, 164, 247
Gisela of Bavaria (queen of Hungary)
177–78, 328
Giulești (Romanian noble family)
161
Giurgiu (Romanian county)
77
Giustinianopoli (titular archbishopric in Turkey)
310–11n74, 313
Glad (Romanian duke)
111, 157
Gnesen see Gniezno
Gniezno (Polish city)
289
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von) (German poet)
179
Gostinari (Romanian village)
63, 65n42, 77
Govan (Scottish archaeological site)
54n106, 348
Graz (Austrian city)
4
Great Church see Hagia Sophia
Great Moravia see Moravia
Great Schism see Religious schism
Grecu, A. (pseudonym) see Panaitescu, Petre P.
Greece (country)
37n54, 40n61, 67n48, 84n28, 195, 216, 232, 351
Greek alphabet
160
Greek chronicle
244
Greek church / ecclesiastical organization see Eastern Church
Greek Empire see Byzantine Empire
Greek influence see Byzantine influence
Greek language
160, 267, 280
Greek mission see Byzantine mission
Greek monastery see Eastern rite monasteries
Greek monks
241, 260n15–16, 265–66, 269–73, 280–81
Greek nuns
269–71
Greek origin see Eastern origin
Greek rite see Eastern rite
Greek schism see Religious schism
Greek sources
250
Greek word
250
Greeks see Byzantines
Gregory (referendarius of the Great Church of Constantinople)
200
Gregory VII (saint pope)
283, 293–94, 296–97n36, 299, 303–08
Gregorian reform
295–96, 299, 302–03, 305–07, 321n21
Gregorian orthodoxy see Gregorian reform
Gregory IX (pope)
310
Gregory of Nazianzus / the Theologian (saint)
198, 202, 204–06, 235–36
Grocka (Serbian town)
244
Gudea, Nicolae (Romanian archaeologist)
115, 140
Gyan (Transylvanian nobleman) see Gaan
gyla (Pecheneg administrative unit)
161–62
gylas / gyulas (position in the system of government of the Hungarian tribal confederation)
113, 153, 161, 250–53, 255, 338, 384n6
Gylas (Hungarian chieftain) see Gyula the Elder
Gyóni, Mátyás (Hungarian byzantinologist)
244–45
Győr (Hungarian city)
48, 169–70, 242, 326, 329–30, 333, 352
Jesuit college
170, 269
Györffy, György (Hungarian historian)
163, 328n58
Gyula (Hungarian town)
143
Gyula (Pecheneg administrative unit)
161–62
Lower Gyula
161–62
Gyula Minor see Gyula the Younger
Gyula the Elder (Hungarian chieftain)
2, 6, 15, 18, 43, 44n73, 51, 52, 111–12, 157, 159–60, 162–63, 165–66, 174–81, 185, 233, 239–40, 247–52, 256–58, 263, 337–38, 358, 384n6
Gyula the fourth see Gyula the Younger
Gyula the third see Gyula the Elder
Gyula the Younger (Hungarian chieftain)
15, 51, 110, 113, 152, 163, 165–66, 240, 251, 253, 258–60, 263, 338
Gyulafehérvár (Hungarian name of Alba Iulia) see Alba Iulia
Habsburgs (dynasty)
3
Habsburg conquest
2
Haemus see Balkans Mountains
Hagia Sophia (church in Constantinople)
187, 192–94, 199, 221, 224–25, 234, 282, 359
chapel of St. Nicholas
193
chapel of St. Theophylact
225, 236
chapel of the Holy Well
193
Haimovici, Sergiu (Romanian zooarchaeologist)
75
Halle (German city)
167–69, 176, 181
Hallesleben, Horst (German art historian)
361
Hamburg-Bremen archbishop
324
Hamza, Gábor (Hungarian jurist)
284, 291
Harald Bluetooth (king of Denmark and Norway)
324
Hârșova (Romanian town)
116, 121, 125, 140, 144
Harțuche, Nicolae (Romanian archaeologist)
121, 140
Hartvic of Győr (bishop)
352
Hartwik (of Salzburg) (archbishop)
310n73
Hauszer, Daniel (Jesuit scholar)
170
Heitel, Radu Robert (Romanian archaeologist)
1, 3, 5, 16, 18–20, 24n29, 25n32, 27n33, 28n38, 29, 30, 32n47–48, 47–49, 54n104, 81, 82n22, 109, 240, 339, 383, 387
Helena (saint)
218
Helena Lekapena (Byzantine empress)
186, 202, 217, 224
Hellenes (ancient Greeks)
213
Henry II of Bavaria (duke)
289
Henry III (Holy Roman Emperor)
301, 302, 303
Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor)
297n36, 302–04, 306–07
Herakleia (metropolitan)
189, 224
Herina (Romanian village)
164
Hermann of Metz (bishop)
304
Herrin, Judith (English archaeologist)
207
Hevenesi, Gabriel (Jesuit monk)
174
Hierocles (Stoic philosopher)
221
Hierotheos (bishop of Tourkia)
1–5, 11, 15, 18, 43, 52, 55, 112, 114, 149, 159, 162, 165, 167–68, 170, 172–85, 236–37, 239, 247–51, 253–60n15, 262–63, 337–38, 358–59, 382n1, 384–85
Hippocrates (Greek writer)
221
Hizofőld-Sárrétudvari (Hungarian village)
143
Holy City see Jerusalem
Holy Land
278
Holy Roman Empire
283–86, 288–91, 296, 300–04, 307–10, 318n8, 323, 324
Holy See
283–84, 286, 291–92, 294–98, 300, 303–05, 307, 309–11, 313
Holy Virgin see Virgin Mary
Honorius III (pope)
265, 276
Honrad, Gábor see Schwartz
Horca (Hungarian chieftain)
156
karchas
Horedt, Kurt (German archaeologist)
54, 78, 106–07n124, 110, 154–55, 159
Hucul (horse breed)
232
Hugh of Italy (king)
190
Hugo of Cluny (saint abbot)
302
Hung (Slavic fortress, now Uzshorod in Ukraine)
150
Hungary (medieval kingdom)
2–4, 6, 7, 13, 16, 30, 43, 46, 49, 54n106, 62n32, 71n67, 75, 98, 110, 113, 134, 138–39, 141, 143, 146, 150, 161, 167–68, 170–72, 177, 179–80, 182–83, 227, 233, 245–50, 253–56, 259, 264–65, 267, 269n15, 271–77, 279–84, 286–91n21, 292–94, 297, 298–15, 320, 322, 325–36, 340n170, 341, 345, 349–50, 352, 357, 363, 382n1, 384, 386–87
Upper Hungary
Hungarian archaeologists /historians see Hungarian historiography
Hungarian Catholicism
6
Hungarian chronicles
175, 309, 333
Hungarian Church
298, 302, 308n65, 326, 352
Hungarian communities see Hungarians
Hungarian conquerors / conquest
18, 37, 46, 54, 81, 84, 95, 98, 99, 108, 110–14, 152, 157, 232, 250, 252, 384
Hungarian crown
170–71, 176, 286–87, 289, 298n40, 299, 301, 309, 325n39
Hungarian Domesday
151
Hungarian expedition
104, 111, 157, 228, 233
Hungarian historiography
4, 5, 7, 18, 60, 74, 75n78, 106, 173–76n43, 179, 181, 252–53, 284, 286–87, 291, 293, 297–99, 302, 308–14, 354, 384
Hungarian historical criticism
172, 181, 294n30
Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle
149, 157
Hungarian invasion see Hungarian expedition
Hungarian language
159, 170, 257
Hungarian medieval ecclesiastical organization see Hungarian Church
Hungarian monks
260n16, 280–81
Hungarian newspaper
172
Hungarian occupation see Hungarian conquerors
Hungarian-Ottoman wars
244
Hungarian paganism
152, 302
Hungarian Plain
74, 106, 232
Hungarian population see Hungarians
Hungarian Protestants
3
Hungarian raids see Hungarian expedition
Hungarian Roman-Catholic diocese see Transylvania Catholic Bishopric
Hungarian rule
1, 260n15, 349
Hungarian scholars see Hungarian historiography
Hungarian tribal confederation
150, 152, 154, 160, 251, 285, 287, 309
Hungarians
1–4, 7, 43, 45, 57, 72, 74, 110, 149, 151, 155–56, 158–62, 166, 171–72, 174, 176–78, 180–84, 219, 226–28, 230–32, 236, 237–39, 241–42, 249–51, 253–54, 256–57, 259–60, 263–64, 272, 276, 284–86, 288, 297, 301–02, 308, 338, 358, 382–84, 388
Black Hungarians
Hunnic invasion
226
Huss, Richard (American historian)
181
Hyperborean regions (lands located to the far north of the known world)
236
Hyppolytus (saint)
267n8
Ialomița (Romanian county)
59n15
Iambor, Petru (Romanian archaeologist)
153, 156
Iași (Romanian city)
81n13
Institute for Biology
81
Iberian Peninsula
344
Iceland (country)
324, 350
iconoclasm (social belief in the importance of the destruction of images)
199, 208
Ielech (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Ierot(h)ei see Hierotheos
Iglau / Igló (Czech city, now Jihlava)
168, 170
Ignatios (ecumenical patriarch)
195
Ignatios (metropolitan of Alania)
214
Igor (king of Kievan Rus’)
199, 215, 233
Illyricum (Roman province)
386n8
Imre (Hungarian prince) see Emeric
Inchofer, Melchior (Jesuit monk)
174, 294n30
India (country)
236
Innocent III (pope)
294, 297
Ioannes Asinos (Bulgarian archbishop)
262
Ioannes of Tourkia see John of Tourkia
Iorga, Nicolae (Romanian historian)
58, 239
Ioutotzas (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Ipolyi, Arnold (Hungarian historian)
313
Ireland (country)
349
Irene (Byzantine-Hungarian empress)
183
Irene (saint)
197
Irish Sea
348
Iron Gates (gorge on the river Danube, part of the boundary between Serbia and Romania)
241
Isabella of Castile (queen of Spain)
309
Isaccea (Romanian town)
116–17, 121–23, 125–26, 128, 140, 144
Islam
317
István (name after baptism of Gyula the Elder)
257
Italy (country)
190, 208, 253, 286, 296–97, 304, 321–23
Italianate space
133–34
Norman Italy
267n9, 304
Northern Italy
266
Southern Italy
298n40, 304, 345, 350
Iulus see Gyula the Younger
Iustinianopolis see Giustinianopoli
Ivan (Bulgarian patriarch)
243
Ivanov, Sergey (Russian byzantinologist)
212, 213
Izvoru (Romanian village)
112
Izvoru Crișului (Romanian village)
164
Jagodina Mala (Serbian village)
145
Janković, M. (Serbian archaeologist)
145
Jebus (biblical town)
205
Jena (German city)
168, 171
Jerusalem
205, 208–11, 276
Convent of the crusaders
277
Monastery of St. Theodosius
276–78, 280n43
Jesuits (Catholic monastic order)
269
Jesuit historians
167
Jesus Christ
117–18, 123–26, 130–31, 135–36, 177, 192, 199–201, 210, 213, 219, 226, 237, 274, 286, 288, 290, 361
Jireček, Konstantin (Czech historian)
280
Joannes of Tourkia see John of Tourkia
John (apostle and evangelist)
123–24, 330
John (Transylvanian nobleman) see Gaan
John Chrysostom (saint)
206
John Komnenos (Byzantine emperor)
183
John Lackland (king of England)
297
John of Rila (saint)
264
John of Tourkia (metropolitan)
5, 246, 254, 258
John the Baptist (saint)
271–72, 332, 372n33, 376–77
John the Orphanotropos (chief Court eunuch)
263n23
John I Tzimiskes (Byzantine emperor)
75, 160
John VIII (pope)
195, 291, 297
John XI (pope)
190–91, 195, 207, 210, 236
John XIII (pope)
306
John XIX (pope)
296
Jula see Gyula the Elder
Jupa (Romanian village)
244
Justiniana Prima (Byzantine archbishopric)
242, 245
Kál (Hungarian chieftain)
156
Kalocsa (Hungarian town)
6, 176n43, 242, 254, 260n15, 268, 278n40, 279, 281, 326, 330–32, 335–36, 366n27
Kanizsa (Hungarian town)
278
Kaposvár (Hungarian city) see Zselicszentjakab
Kaposszentjakab (ruined Benedictine monastery) see Zselicszentjakab
Kaprinai, Stefan (Jesuit historian)
174
Karácsonyi, János (Hungarian historian)
164
karchas / karkhas (position in the system of government of the Hungarian tribal confederation)
151, 156, 256n1
Kasnes, Euthymios (domestikos)
220
Kastana (Bulgarian village)
73n72
Katona, Stephan (Jesuit historian)
171, 174–76, 178, 181, 294n30
Khazars (semi-nomadic Turkic people)
156, 214, 237
Kean(us) (Bulgarian or Hungarian chieftain)
6, 110, 159, 163, 252
Kecskemét (Hungarian city)
146
Kedrenos (Byzantine chroniler)
256n1
Kelleher, Patrick J. (American art historian)
299
kende (position in the system of government of the Hungarian tribal confederation)
160, 250
Keszthely (Hungarian city)
Keszthely (archaeological culture)
95n67
Kewe see Cuvin
Kiev (capital of Kievan Rus’)
217, 219, 232, 237, 266, 277, 303, 335–36, 348
Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (Ukrainian monastery)
183
St. Sophia cathedral
359
Kievan Rus’ (medieval state)
180, 236, 237, 266, 277, 301, 324n31
Kinnamos, Ioannés (Byzantine chronicler)
260n15
Kiskunfélegyháza (Hungarian city)
143
Kiszombor (Hungarian village)
250
Kladovo (Serbian town)
141, 145
Klausenburg see Cluj-Napoca
Klet (count of Pécs)
278
Kniazha gora (Ukrainian village)
143
Kollar, Franciscus Adamus (Slovak jurist)
177, 179
Koller, Joseph (German scholar)
171
Kollonics, Leopold (Hungarian cardinal)
174
Kolozsvár see Cluj-Napoca
Konrad II (Holy Roman Emperor)
300
Konstantinos VII Porphyrogennetos see Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
Konstanz (German city) see Constance
Kordylas (Byzantine stratelates)
57
Körös see Criș (river)
Košice (Slovakian city)
170
Kostolac (Serbian city)
243
Koszta, László (Hungarian historian)
6, 261, 335n128
Kovács, Mihai (Romanian historian)
316, 354
Krautheimer, Richard (German byzantinologist)
39
Kresten, Otto (Austrian byzantinologist)
215
Kristó, Gyula (Hungarian historian)
52, 158, 159, 164, 165, 336n133
Krsmanović, Bojana (Serbian byzantinologist)
188
Krum (Bulgar ruler)
57, 58n4, 67n51, 71, 109
künde see kende
Kunitsky, V. A. (Ukrainian archaeologist)
141, 143
Kurszán / Kusál / Kusanes (Hungarian chieftain)
250
Laćarak (Serbian village)
279
Ladislaus I (Hungarian king)
44, 45n80, 47, 157, 252, 278, 303, 306–07, 310, 333–34, 342, 351
Ladislaus the Bald (member of the House of Árpád)
150
Latin-Byzantine rivalry
324n31
Latin clergy see Roman-Catholic clergy
Latin Church see Roman-Catholic Church
Latin language
267, 280–81, 353
Latin mission
167, 177, 180, 182
Latin monks see Roman-Catholic monks
Latin saints see Western saints
Latin world see Western world
Laurent, Vitalien (French byzantinologist)
258–59
Laurian, August Treboniu (Romanian linguist)
173n29
Lavra in Jerusalem see Jerusalem – Monastery of St. Theodosius
Lechfeld (battle of)
158, 235
Legenda Sancti Gerhardi
241, 261, 265, 271–72, 332
Legio XIII Gemina (Roman army)
13, 16, 78
Leipzig (German city)
168, 181
Leo III (Byzantine emperor)
208
Leo IV (Byzantine emperor)
195
Leo V (Byzantine emperor)
225
Leo VI the Wise (Byzantine emperor)
186–87, 189, 216, 226, 228, 230–31
Leo IX (pope)
300, 302, 335
Leo of Palestrina (bishop)
190
Leodvin of Eger (bishop)
330, 333–34
Leontius (saint)
70n62
Levantine territories
319
Levedia (Volga-Ural region)
232
Life of Saint Basil the Younger (Byzantine chronicle)
197, 226, 228
Litavrin, Genadij Grigorievich (Russian scientist)
215
Litterata (parish belonging to Justiniana Prima)
246
Little Preslav see Pereyaslavets
Liudprand of Cremona (Lombard historian)
187, 195
Liuduinus see Leodvin of Eger
Liuthardt (German miniaturist)
290
Liutprand (Lombard king)
295
Livonia (historical region now split between Sweden, Estonia and Latvia)
294
Ljubičevac (Serbian village)
142
Ljubinković, Marko (Serbian archaeologist)
145
Lombardy (medieval kingdom)
331
Lopud (island)
372n33, 376–77n38
Lorraine (historical region in France)
302
Lorch (Austrian district)
291n21
Lot (biblical person)
219
Lothar III (Holy Roman Emperor)
296
Lotharingia (medieval kingdom)
335
Lotharingian liturgy
302
Louis of Anjou (Neapolitan saint-prince of the Capetian House of Anjou)
298n40
Louis of Toulouse see Louis of Anjou
Louis the German (king of East Francia)
291
Louis IX (saint king of France)
298n40, 309
Lovag, Zsuzsa (Hungarian archaeologist)
142, 146
Lund (Swedish city)
324
Luxembourg (country)
270
Lyon (French city)
301n44
M. Nepper, Ibolya (Hungarian archaeologist)
143
Macedonia (country)
70n62, 227
Mačvanska Mitrovica (Serbian town)
279
Măcin (Romanian town)
123–25, 131, 142
Madalbert (bishop)
190
Madgearu, Alexandru (Romanian historian)
5, 48, 51, 60, 157, 162, 233, 238, 345n196, 383n3, 387n15
Magna Moravia see Moravia
Măgureanu, Andrei (Romanian archaeologist)
77
Magyars see Hungarians
Maior, Petru (Romanian historian)
3, 173–74
Makk, Ferenc (Hungarian historian)
159, 260n15
Makkai, László (Hungarian historian)
155, 157
Malamirovo (Bulgarian village)
57n3
Mala Vrbica (Serbian village)
145
Mandylion (image of Christ not made by a human hand)
198–201, 205–06, 236
Măneciu-Ungureni (Romanian village)
59
Manicheism (dualistic religious system)
210
Mănucu-Adameșteanu, Gheorghe (Romanian archaeologist)
117, 121–22, 128, 139–40, 144
Manuel I Komnenos (Byzantine emperor)
264, 276, 280
Manuel of Adrianople (bishop)
57
Mărăcinele (Romanian village)
65, 66n44, 68, 77
Maramureș (historical region now split between Ukraine and Romania)
161
Marasovič, Tomislav (Croatian art historian)
371, 376
Marburg (German town)
168
Marcu Istrate, Daniela (Romanian archaeologist)
1, 5–7, 11, 70, 88n30, 109, 182, 238, 240, 339, 346n200, 349n217, 357–59, 366–67, 370–71, 383, 385, 387
Margum see Morava
Maria (queen of Alans)
214
Maria-Irene Lekapena (wife of Bulgarian emperor Peter I)
73n72, 188, 219
Marittima (Italian hamlet)
303
Marjanović-Vujović, Gordana (Serbian archaeologist)
141–42, 146
Markopoulos, Athanasios (Greek byzantinologist)
237
Maros see Mureș (river)
Marosvár see Cenadu Vechi
Marțian, Sorin (Romanian historian)
181
Martin (saint)
278
Marxism (materialist interpretation of historical development)
70n64
Mary (Mother of God) see Virgin Mary
Mary (Hungarian princess)
298n40
Mas’udi (Arab historian)
226
Matei, Ștefan (Romanian archaeologist)
153
Matilda of Tuscany (member of the House of Canossa)
296
Matthew (evangelist)
213
Matthias Corvinus (king of Hungary)
175n41
Maurice of Pécs (bishop)
279
Mauricius (Byzantine emperor)
228, 230–31
Maxim-Alaiba, Ruxandra (Romanian archaeologist)
120, 141
Maximus the Confessor (saint)
281
McCabe, Anne (English byzantinologist)
221
McKitterick, Rosamond (English historian)
320
Mediaș (Romanian town)
Mediaș (archaeological culture)
89, 106
Medieval Latinity / society
Early Medieval society
320
High Medieval society
319, 320
Meijns, Brigitte (Belgian medievalist)
320
Melkite (Eastern Catholic Church)
209
Menumorout (Transylvanian duke)
152
Merseburg (German town)
111, 291
Meseș Mountains
155, 341
Methodius (saint)
177, 181, 183, 297, 386n8
Metz (French city)
304
Micești (Romanian village)
106
Micești-Cigaș
80, 113–14
Micești-Orizont
103
Michael Ducas (Byzantine emperor)
299
Michael IV (Byzantine emperor)
263n23
Michael V (Byzantine emperor)
263n23
Michael VIII Palaeologus (Byzantine emperor)
243
Michael the Archangel (saint)
164, 180, 328, 334, 340, 351–52n228
Micu, Samuel (Romanian historian)
3, 173, 174
Middle Ages (historical period)
6, 60, 61, 69, 267–68, 270, 279, 281, 284, 294, 296, 313, 320, 327n47
Early Middle Ages
79
Late Middle Ages
316, 345
Middle Byzantine period (historical period)
360, 375
Middle Byzantine architecture / art
39
Middle East (region spanning the Levant, Arabian Peninsula, Anatolia, Egypt, Iran and Iraq)
344
Miezko I (Polish duke)
289
Migrations Period
78
Mijatev, Krăstju (Bulgarian archaeologist)
39
Mikhailov, Stamen (Bulgarian archaeologist)
145
Milchev, Atanas (Bulgarian archaeologist)
141, 145
Milkovics, Michael (Jesuit professor)
170
Mironești (Romanian village)
65n42
Mitrea, Bucur (Romanian archaeologist)
76
Mitrovica see Sremska Mitrovica
Miu, Georgeta (Romanian anthropologist)
81n14
Mociu (Romanian village)
155
Modern period (historical period)
345
Modrá (Czech village)
39, 41
Moga, Vasile (Romanian archaeologist)
79n9
Mohács (Hungarian town)
273
Moldavia (historical region in Romania)
131–32, 136, 139, 175
Möller, István (Hungarian architect)
339
Mongol invasion
164, 261, 264, 268, 270–71, 273–74, 281, 334, 364
Monostorpályi (Hungarian village)
364–65
Mont-Cassin / Monte Cassino (rocky hill near Rome)
295
Mont Saint-Michel (sanctuary dedicated to Archangel Michael)
341
Monte Gargano (sanctuary dedicated to Archangel Michael)
341
Morandi Visconti, Giovanni (Italian architect)
108
Morava (Serbian village)
108, 243, 244, 245
Moravcsik, Gyula (Hungarian byzantinologist)
256n1, 257n4
Moravia (historical region in Czech Republic)
41, 60, 88, 95n67, 98, 107, 109, 138, 141, 228, 239, 340, 386n8
Moravian buildings
204, 347n
Moravian burials / cemeteries / graves
59n16, 84, 88, 93, 95
Moravian elite
84
Moravian graves see Moravian burials
Moravian mission
181, 213
Moravian necropolis see Moravian burials
Moravian state see Moravia
Moravians
106
Moravon (bishopric)
238
Moravište see Morava
Morea (medieval Frankish kingdom)
345
Morghen, Raffaello (Italian historian)
297n36
Morisena (old name of Romanian village Cenad)
bishopric and Greek monastery
53n98, 240–42, 247, 272, 332
Benedictine monastery
273, 386
Moses (prophet)
189, 200, 206, 219
Moses the Hungarian (saint)
183
Mosolygó, József (Hungarian historian)
262
Moulet, Benjamin (French byzantinologist)
198
Mureș (river)
13, 15, 16, 60, 98, 159, 180, 239, 241, 250–51, 262, 272, 358
Mureș Valley
29, 44n73, 78, 93, 106, 109–11, 163, 244, 341
Mureșan, Dan Ioan (Romanian historian)
52, 184
Muslim(s)
198, 208–09, 278, 285
Nadăș Valley
155
Nagy, Tibor (Hungarian archaeologist)
145
Nagyvárad see Oradea
Nania, Ion (Romanian scholar)
75
Naples (Italian city)
298n40
Narratio de imagine Edessena (Byzantine chronicle)
199
Nazianzus (town in ancient Cappadocia)
198, 202, 206, 235–36
Nea Ekkesia (church in Constantinople)
37
Nechvátal, Bořivoj (Czech archaeologist)
141–42
Neradin (Serbian village)
276
Nestor, Ion (Romanian archaeologist)
58n10, 59n11
New Europe
179, 323, 345
New Israel
200
Byzantine Empire
New Rome see Constantinople
Nicaea (ancient Greek city in northwestern Anatolia)
First Nicaean Council
268
Nicephorus the Deacon (Byzantine chronicler)
186
Nicetas of Amasia (metropolitan)
196, 197
Nicholas (saint)
40, 41, 53, 193, 274, 352n228, 368–69, 375n35, 377, 380
Nicholas I Mystikos (ecumenical patriarch)
186–87, 197, 212–13, 215
Nicholas I (pope)
207
Nicholas II (pope)
296
Nicolae, Jan (Romanian historian)
167, 182n74
Nicomedia (capital of the Roman province of Bithynia)
225
Nicorescu, Paul (Romanian archaeologist)
140
Nikephoros II Phokas (Byzantine emperor)
214, 232
Nikon (old Russian chronicler)
249, 255, 256n1
Niš (Serbian city)
141, 280
Nitra (Slovakian city)
154, 260n16, 267n8, 281, 327, 333–34
Nitra Evangelistary
352
Normandy (French region)
296, 351n224
Normans (emigrants from the Duchy of Normandy)
296
Norman conquest
349
Norman princes
303
Norman Principality
304
Northmen see Scandinavians
Norway (country)
323, 324
Norwegian medieval state
353
Novi Pazar (Serbian city)
145
Novi Sad (Serbian city)
274
Museum of Vojvodina
274
Noviodunum (Roman-Byzantine fortress, now in Romania)
238
Nufăru (Romanian village)
125, 126, 130, 144
Nyirkasz (Hungarian village)
146
Nyitra see Nitra
Obârșia (Romanian village)
89, 112
Obolensky, Dimitri (Russo-British byzantinologist)
181
Óbuda see Budapest
Ochrid (Bulgarian patriarchy / autocephalous archbishopric)
242–43, 245–47, 336, 386
Ocna Mureș (Romanian town)
239, 240n5
Odărci (Bulgarian village)
141, 145
Odilo of Cluny (abbot)
287, 296, 302
Oescus (Roman town in Bulgaria, now Pleven)
62n34
Ognenova, Ljuba (Bulgarian archaeologist)
141, 145
Ohtunh see Aiton
Oikonomidès, Nikos (Greek byzantinologist)
5, 299n41
Olav Tryggvason (king of Norway)
324
Old Sarum (earliest settlement of Salisbury)
351n227
Oleg (king of Kievan Rus’)
233
Olga of Rus’ (queen)
215–19, 233, 237
Olov Skötkonung (king of Sweden)
324
Olomouc / Olmütz (Czech city)
340
Olt (Romanian county)
59
Oltenița (Romanian city)
63, 77
Omayyad caliphate see Umayyad
Omiš (Croatian town)
372n33
Opočničev-Poděbrady (Czech settlement)
142
Oradea (Romanian city)
157, 307n61, 327, 333–35, 352
Orăștie (Romanian town)
60n25, 93, 103, 107, 112
Oroszlámos (Byzantine monastery, now in Serbia)
255, 260n14–15, 261, 271, 272n26, 273, 332, 335
Ortahu (Hungarian town)
328n61
Orthodoxy see Eastern Church
Orthodox Church / Orthodoxy see Eastern Church
Orthodox liturgy
379
Orthodox monastery see Eastern rite monasteries
Orthodox patriarchates see Eastern patriarch(ate)s
Osnabrück (German city)
168
Oster (Ukrainian city)
141
Otrocotsius / Otrokocsi Foris, Ferenc (Hungarian historian)
175
Otto I the Great (Holy Roman emperor)
185, 208, 219, 248, 285, 300–01
Otto II (Holy Roman emperor)
285–86
Otto III (Holy Roman emperor)
283, 285–92, 297, 299, 300, 309–10, 387
Ottonian dynasty
286
Ottonian Empire see Holy Roman Empire
Ottokar I (king of Bohemia)
305
Ottoman conquest / devastation
268, 273
Hungarian-Ottoman wars
Ousterhout, Robert (American art istorian)
361
Pacaut, Marcel (French historian)
294n30
Pâclișa (Romanian village)
44, 104n105, 114
Pâclișa – La Izvoare
80
Păcuiul lui Soare (Bulgarian and Byzantine fortress, now in Romania)
67, 68, 77, 116–19, 125, 127–28, 130, 136, 140, 145
Pais, Dezső (Hungarian linguist)
154n24
Palanka (Serbian village)
245
Pamiers (French commune)
175n40
Panaitescu, Petre P. (Romanian historian)
58
Pâncota / Pankota (Romanian town)
334
Pannonhalma (Hungarian town)
281, 329
Abbey of St. Martin
277–78, 328, 352
Pannonia (region)
93, 95n67, 152, 156, 158, 161, 175, 181, 183–84, 287, 291–92, 297, 308, 327
Pannonian steppe
231
Roman province
297
Pantaleon (saint) see Panteleimon
Panteleimon (saint doctor)
171, 269–71, 274
Papacy see Holy See
Paradunavon (Byzantine province)
246
Parapotamos (Greek village)
84n28
Pascu, Ștefan (Romanian historian)
79n9
Păsculescu, Marius Mihail (Romanian architect)
357
Paris (capital of France)
284
Passau (German city)
242, 291n21, 327–28
Pasztó (Hungarian town)
281
Paterfy, Peter Carl (Jesuit professor)
169–70
Patlagean, Evelyne (French byzantinologist)
200, 205
Patriarchat of Constantinople see Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Patzinakia see Pechenegs
Patzold, Steffen (German historian)
320
Paul (apostle)
207, 288, 295, 330–31
Paul II (pope)
309
Paul of Ancona (bishop)
291
Paulician state (Armenian sect)
186
Paulicianism (medieval Christian sect)
210
Pécs (Hungarian city)
242, 278, 281, 326–27, 329–31, 372
Cella Septichora
366n27
Romanesque cathedral
331, 333
St. Peter Church
279
University of Pécs
248n1
Pechenegs (semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic people)
155, 157, 161–62, 219, 226, 239, 351
Pelagonius (Greek writer)
221
Pentarchy (the five major episcopal sees of the Christian world)
207, 210, 236
Pentele see Dunapentele
Pentelemonostor
269
Pereyaslavets (Bulgarian city)
232
Peri, Vittorio (Italian historian)
207
Peringer, Andreas (Jesuit professor)
170
Peter (apostle)
207, 279, 287–89, 292–97, 301, 304–07, 309, 330–31, 372n33
Obol of St. Peter
297
Patrimony of St. Peter
285, 294, 296, 303
Peter (archbishop of Alania)
213–14
Peter (Hungarian nobleman)
269
Peter (papal legate)
190
Peter I (Bulgarian emperor)
69, 73n72, 74, 158, 160, 188, 210–11, 219, 243
Peter / Pietro I Orseolo (king of Hungary)
150, 300–01, 331, 333
Péterfy, Carolus (Hungarian historian)
179
Petre, Aurelian (Romanian archaeologist)
139
Phalis (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Phalitzis (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Philip of Swabia (king of Germany)
305
Photius (ecumenical patriarch)
187, 195, 207, 209, 211, 213
Piatra Frecăței (Romanian village) see Beroe
Pietroiu (Romanian village)
65, 66n44
Pilgrim of Passau (bishop)
291n21
Pilis Monastery (Hungarian settlement)
265
Piroska see Irene (Byzantine-Hungarian empress)
Platonești (Romanian village)
59n15
Pliska (Bulgarian town)
38, 39, 59, 63, 66n46, 67n50, 68, 69, 112, 145
Ploiești (Romanian city)
59
Poian (Romanian village)
109, 112
Poland (medieval kingdom)
7, 62, 286–91n22, 300–01n44, 309, 322, 324, 329n63 and 68, 345
Polish king
299
Polish kingdom see Poland
Polish princess see Richeza (Adelaide) of Poland
Polish spaces
352n228
Polyeuktos (ecumenical patriarch)
218, 224
Pomerania (Historical region now split between Poland and Germany)
301n44
Pontifical See see Holy See
Pop, Ioan Aurel (Romanian historian)
182
Popa, Alexandru (Romanian archaeologist)
79n9
Popescu, Monica-Elena (Romanian scholar)
78, 347n202, 349n217
Porta Mezesina (passing between the Tisza basin and Transylvania)
151
Posa (Hungarian nobleman)
269
Povest’ o latinĕch (old Russian chronicle)
249, 255, 256n1
Poznań (Polish city)
62n34
Pozsony see Bratislava
Prague (capital of Czech Republic)
329
National Museum
142
Prahova (Romanian county)
59, 75–77
Prahovo (Serbian village)
145
Pray, Georgius (Jesuit historian)
174, 178–79
Presian (Bulgar ruler)
58n4
Preslav (Bulgarian city)
39, 40n62, 61, 63, 66n46, 68–70, 72, 73, 75, 112, 141, 145, 242
Preslav Patriarchy
242
Little Preslav see Pereyaslavets
Prešov see Bratislava
Pressburg see Bratislava
Priscianus (Caesariensis) (Latin grammarian)
331
Priskin, Katalin (Hungarian biologist)
231, 232
Privilegium Othonis (agreement from 962, clarifying the relationship between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors)
285–86
Procopius (saint)
274–75, 280
Prokuj (Slavic name of Gyula the Younger)
251
Gyula the Younger
Protase, Dumitru (Romanian archaeologist)
30n45, 32n48
Prussians (Baltic indigenous tribe)
286
Puglia (Italian region)
296, 303, 305
Queen of Sheba
217
Querfurt (German town)
242, 330
Quinque Ecclesiae see Pécs
Raab see Győr
Rădăuți (Romanian city)
369, 377
Rado (Hungarian palatine)
279
Rakovac (Serbian village)
260n14, 273–75
Crkvine
273
Gradina
274
Rambaud, Alfred (French byzantinologist)
232
Rászonyi, László (Hungarian linguist)
154n24
Ravenna (Italian city)
287, 329
basilica San Vitale
287
basilica Sant’Apollinare in Classe
287
basilica Santa Maria di Pomposa
287
Ravna (Serbian village)
142
Recidiva (parish belonging to Justiniana Prima)
246
Regnum Erdeelw see Transylvania
Reich see Holy Roman Empire
Reichenau (island)
290
Religious schism
3, 55, 316, 387
Religious Union
2
Renaissance (historical period)
352
Reuter, Timothy (German-British historian)
320
Révész, Éva (Hungarian byzantinologist)
256, 261, 335n124, 338n146, 350n222
Richeza (Adelaide) of Poland (queen consort of Hungary)
301
Rinteln (German town)
168
Robert Guiscard (Norman conqueror of southern Italy and Sicily)
297n36
Robinson, Ian S. (English writer)
306
Roger II (king of Sicily)
305
Rogozea, Petre (Romanian archaeologist)
126, 143–44
Roman-Catholic Church
3, 13, 175n39, 178, 180, 182n75, 189–91, 195, 207, 211, 270n17, 283, 285, 287–88, 292–94, 296–97n36, 298–99, 302, 304–06, 308–13, 316–17, 322, 345–46, 382n1, 387
Roman-Catholic abbey / monasteries
270, 275
Roman-Catholic clergy
191, 278, 280, 281, 351
Roman-Catholic context
282
Roman-Catholic monks
265, 270
Roman-Catholic nuns
268
Roman Catholicism
281
Roman church
274
Roman influence
286
Roman Empire see Holy Roman Empire
Late Roman Empire
88
Roman buildings
347n204
Roman coins
99
Roman city see Rome
Roman forts
107
Roman rite
255
Roman See see Holy See
Roman times
42, 78, 80n11
Romans
157, 207–08, 286, 309
Roman Empire of Constantinople see Byzantine Empire
Roman emperor see Byzantine emperor
Roman land see Byzantine Empire
Roman navy see Byzantine navy
Romans
185–86, 190, 200, 206, 227–29, 231, 245, 249, 257
Romanesque architecture / style
4, 5, 13, 42, 50, 333, 364, 371, 372n33
Romania (country)
1, 3, 29, 58–60, 62, 69, 71, 73, 75, 115–16, 130–32, 134–36, 139, 142–43, 248, 251
Romanian archaeologists see Romanian historiography
Romanian bishopric
3
(Romanian) Greek-Catholic Church
3
Romanian historians see Romanian historiography
Romanian historiography
3, 5, 7, 29n41, 58, 60, 62, 66, 67, 75, 107, 169, 173, 253, 294n30, 384
Romanian language
173
Romanian nationalists
4
Romanian Orthodox Church
383
Romanian Plains
65
Romanian provinces
132
Romanian rights
3
Romanian scholars see Romanian historiography
Romanian-speaking population see Romanians
Romanians
2, 3, 52n96, 53n98, 153, 155, 161n59, 173–74, 176, 238, 253
Romanized population
113
Romanos / Romanus I Lekapenos (Byzantine emperor)
186–90, 192–95, 197–99, 201–02, 208–09, 212, 214, 219, 224, 226, 232, 235–36
Romanos / Romanus II Porphyrogenitus (Byzantine emperor)
73n72, 203, 223, 233, 235
Romanos the Elder see Romanos I Lekapenos
Romanos the Melodist (saint)
274
Rome (capital of Italy)
3, 189, 195, 207–11, 256, 285–86, 288, 290–91n21, 292–93, 295–98, 300–01, 303, 306–08, 310, 313, 330, 344–45, 384n6, 387–88
Lateran Palace
296
Roșia Montană (Romanian village)
110–11
Rostislavich (Rus’ dinasty)
277
Rouen (French city)
351n224
Rouphinianai monastery
224
Rufinus (founder of Rouphinianai monastery in Chalcedon)
224
Runciman, Steven (English historian)
57n1, 225
Rus’ (ethnos in early medieval eastern Europe)
75n79, 199, 215–16, 218–19, 232–33, 236–37, 359
Kievan Rus’
Rus’ (metropolitanate)
6
Byzantine-Rus’ war
75
Rus, Vasile (Romanian philologist)
181–82n74
Russia see Kievan Rus’
Russian churches
266
Russian mission
213
Russian monks see Slavic monks
Russian princes
280n43
Russian sources see Slavic sources
Russian steppes
250
Russian territories
37
Russians see Rus’
Rusu, Adrian Andrei (Romanian archaeologist)
2–5n13, 53
Ruttkay (type of archaeological artifacts)
96, 98
Sabina (Italian region)
303
Saint-Gilles (French commune)
307
Saint Irene (church in Constantinople)
197
Saint Mary of Pharos (church in Constantinople)
199
Saint Sophia see Hagia Sophia
Sălăgean, Tudor (Romanian historian)
15, 46, 51, 149, 345n195
Salagius, István see Szalagy
Salisbury (English city)
351n227
Saltovo (archaeological culture)
84, 89
Salzburg (Austrian city)
327, 334
Sâmpetru, Mihai (Romanian archaeologist)
64, 68, 76, 77
Samuel (Bulgarian emperor)
75, 238–39, 241–43, 245, 276, 386
Samuel Aba (Hungarian king)
104, 150, 301, 330, 332–33
Sânbenedic (Romanian village)
106n113
Sâncrai (Romanian village)
164
Sânnicolau de Beiuș (Romanian village)
50
Saracens see Muslim(s)
Sarchas see karchas
Șard (Romanian village)
164
Sardinia (island)
303
Sardis (capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia)
361
Sarolta / Saroltu (daughter of Gyula the Elder)
162–63, 165, 177–78, 247, 251
Satu Mare (Romanian city)
52n96
Satu Mare county
165
Saul (king of Israel)
219
Sava (river)
259, 273, 275–79, 281
Sava (saint)
263
Savior see Jesus Christ
Saxony (German state)
347
Scandinavia (region)
7, 309, 319, 322–24, 329, 344n188, 345–47, 349–51
Scandinavian lands see Scandinavia
Scandinavian Scotland
348
Scandinavian term
215n97
Scandinavians
351n224
Schabel, Chris (English historian)
345n190
Schioppa, Lorenzo (Italian prelate)
310–11n74, 313
Schmidt, Hans-Joachim (German historian)
320
Schmink, Andreas (German byzantinologist)
210
Schröckh, Johan Mathias (Austrian historian)
179
Schulze-Dörrlamm, Mechthild (German archaeologist)
111n147
Schuster, Christian F. (Romanian-German archaeologist)
77
Schwartner, Martin von (Hungarian statistician)
294n30
Schwartz, Gottfried (German historian)
2, 3, 167–74, 176–82n74, 183
Sclavonia (historical region now split between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina)
287
Școala Ardeleană (publishing house)
182n74
Scriptor incertus (Byzantine chronicler)
57
Sebastea (city in Turkey, now Sivas)
186
Sebeș (Romanian town)
29, 30, 42, 60n25, 94, 106, 112
Seifert, Johann (Zipser scholar)
172
Selishte (Bulgarian village)
69n59
Semendria see Smederevo
Senty church (church in Russia, near the village of Nizhnyaya Teberda)
214
Șerban, Ioan (Romanian historian)
79n9
Șerbănescu, Done (Romanian archaeologist)
64, 68, 76, 77
Serbia (country)
74, 134, 137–38, 141–42, 145, 255, 276
Serbian Church
263
Serbian monastery
273, 275
Serbian monks
281
Serbian population
281
Serbian town
275
Serbs
280
Sergios (ecumenical patriarch)
224
Sergios (papal legate)
190
Shumen (Bulgarian region)
141
Sicily (island)
297, 305, 322, 345, 350
Sigismund of Luxembourg (king of Hungary)
270
Silistra (Bulgarian town)
141–42, 145, 238, 242–43, 246
Simon episcopus Vltrasilvanus (bishop of Transylvania)
11, 55, 338
Simon de Kéza (Hungarian chronicler)
149, 161
Simon of Athens (Greek writer)
221
Șincai, Gheorghe (Romanian historian)
3, 173
Sirmium (Roman city in Pannonia) see Sremska Mitrovica
Sixtus (saint pope)
171
Skazanie o russkih knjazjah X veka (Russian chronicle)
216, 219
Skopje (capital of Macedonia)
239
Skylitzes, John / Ioannes (Byzantine chronicler)
2, 3, 111, 184–86, 188, 191, 194, 196–97, 201, 203, 216–17, 220, 222–23, 225–26, 233–35, 248–49, 255–56, 337, 384
Slavs (group of Indo-European peoples)
110, 113, 153–55, 159, 163, 176–77, 251, 253–54, 285
Slavic-Byzantine background
319
Slavic-Byzantine world
316–17
Slavic finds
78
Slavic lands
37, 161
Slavic language
160
(South-)Slavic mission
213
Slavic monks
260n16, 266, 280–81
Slavic origin
110, 154n24, 257
Slavic sources
249, 256n1, 257
Slavicization
180
Slavonic alphabet see Cyrillic alphabet
Slon (Romanian village)
59, 66–68, 77, 109, 112
Slon-La Ciungă
59n12
Slovakia (country)
134, 138–39, 141, 168, 170
Slovaks
172
Smederevo (Serbian city)
244–45
Sofronie (abbot)
280
Solnoc county (historical region now split between Hungary and Romania)
164
Solomon (Hungarian king)
44, 302, 303, 306
Solomon (prophet)
217
Someșul Mare (river)
156, 162
Someșul Mic (river)
149, 153, 155–56, 159, 162
Somogy (historical Hungarian county)
276
Somorjai, Adam (Benedictine historian)
291
Sophia (saint)
282
Sopianae (Roman town, now Pécs)
331
Sopron (Hungarian city)
170
Spain (medieval kingdom)
297, 298, 303, 306
Biblioteca Nacional de España
194, 201, 203, 216, 223, 234–35
Speech about Batu’s murder (old Russian chronicle)
256n1
Spinei, Victor (Romanian historian)
141, 156
Spoleto (Italian city)
303
Spondanus, Henri (French historian)
175
Srem (historical region now split between Serbia, Croatia and Hungary)
260n15, 273, 275–76, 278n40
Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian city)
175, 242–43, 255, 260n14–15, 267, 273, 275–79, 281, 335, 386n8
Byzantine monastery of St Demetrius
275–81
Stahl, Henri H. (Romanian sociologist)
70n64
Staikos, Mikhail (Orthodox metropolitan)
182n75
Stancev, Stancio (Bulgarian archaeologist)
145
Stanojev, Nebojša (Serbian historian)
274
Staré Město (Czech town)
41
Ștefan, Gheorghe (Romanian archaeologist)
139, 142
Stephen I (ecumenical patriarch)
187, 189
Stephen I (Hungarian king)
5, 6, 11, 15, 44–46, 48–50, 53, 75, 104, 110, 113, 149–50, 157, 159, 162–66, 169, 170–71, 179, 182, 239, 240–42, 246, 250–52, 254, 258, 260n15, 264, 267–68, 270, 272, 284, 287, 289–90, 292–93, 297–302, 304–06, 308, 310n73, 311, 313–14, 325n39, 326–34, 336, 338–39, 349, 351–52, 366n27, 382n1, 384n6, 387–88
Stephen II (ecumenical patriarch)
188, 219
Stephen III (Hungarian prince)
277
Stephen Lekapenos (Byzantine emperor)
186n6, 187, 193, 199, 202
Stephen the Protomartyr (saint)
329
Stiltingus / Stiltinck, Joannes (Jesuit scholar)
169–70, 178–80
Știrbu, Maria (Romanian anthropologist)
81n1
Stoica, Octavian (Romanian archaeologist)
77
Stojkovski, Boris (Serbian historian)
264, 335n130
Stosch, Ferdinand (German scholar)
168
Stoudios Monastery
263
Strategikon (Byzantine manual of war)
228
Strigonium see Esztergom
Strodtmann, Johann Christoph (German scholar)
168
Strumica (Macedonian city)
70n62, 142
Surangi (canon, historian)
311, 314
Șuletea (Romanian village)
116–18, 120, 123, 133, 139, 141
Sullivan, Alice Izabella (American art historian)
11, 167, 237
Sultana (Romanian village)
89, 112
Sunad see Chanadin
Supplex Libellus Valachorum (petition from 1792)
3, 4, 173
Susek (Serbian village)
276
Sutri (Italian village)
295
Sviatoslav (king of Kievan Rus’)
219, 232
Swabia (historic region in Germany)
305
Sweden (country)
323–24, 347
Swedish historiography
347
Sylvester I (pope)
286
Sylvester II (pope)
286–89, 291–93, 297, 299, 300n42, 306, 310–12, 314–15, 325n39
Symeon (Bulgarian emperor)
40, 61, 69, 72, 74, 155, 157–58, 186–88
Syrmia see Srem
Syria (country)
209
Syro-Palestinian cultural context
133
Syro-Palmyra
134
Szabolcs (Hungarian village)
370–71n32
Szakács, Béla Zsolt (Hungarian art historian)
5, 383n4
Szalagy, István (Hungarian historian)
179
Szatmár (Romanian city, now Satu Mare)
278
Szávaszentdemeter see Sremska Mitrovica
Szeged (Hungarian city)
28n39
Szeghalom (Hungarian town)
152
Székesfehérvár (royal residence of Hungary)
277
Crusaders monastery
277
Szeklers (Hungarian subgroup living in Szeklerland)
174
Szeklerland (historical region in eastern Transylvania)
175n42
Szekszárd (Hungarian city)
364–65
Széll, Márta (Hungarian archaeologist)
146
Szende, Katalin (Hungarian historian)
319
Szentes Szentlászló (Hungarian village)
146
Szerémség see Srem
Szerémvár see Sremska Mitrovica
Szőny (Hungarian town)
141
Szovák, Kornél (Hungarian historian)
271n22
Tacitus (Roman historian)
389
Takács, Imre (Hungarian art historian)
48
Takács, Miklós (Hungarian archaeologist)
4, 5n13, 18n20, 48, 52n96, 240, 383n4
Takimovo (Bulgarian village)
141, 145
Taktica (Byzantine military treatise)
228
Taktikon Beneševič (Byzantine chronicle)
210
Taliata see Veliki Gradac
Tápióbicske (Hungarian village)
142
Țara Hațegului (historical region in Transylvania)
163
Târgșor (Romanian village)
59, 65, 66, 68, 72n71, 77
Tarkatzous (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Târnava (river)
159
Tartar invasion see Mongol invasion
Tasis (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Tășnad / Tasnád (Romanian village)
164, 341
Tata (Hungarian town)
143
Taxis (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Tebelis (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Țeligrad (Slavic name of Blandiana)
109
Bandiana
Teleki, József (Hungarian count)
172
Temes (island between Cuvin and Palanka)
245
Timișoara
Temesváry, János (Hungarian historian)
164
Tengerfehérvár see Biograd na Moru
Tephrike (Turkish town, now Divriği)
186
Termacsu (Hungarian chieftain)
234–35, 256n1
Termatzous (Hungarian chieftain) see Termacsu
Terra Ultrasilvana
149, 152–55, 158–59, 162, 239–42, 247, 386
Transylvania
Theiner, Augustin (German historian)
313
Themes see Timișoara
Theodor of Sebastea (Byzantine chronicler)
186
Theodora (Byzantine empress)
186
Theodore (metropolitan of Alania)
214
Theodorescu, Răzvan (Romanian art historian)
383n5
Theodosius (saint)
276, 277, 278, 280n43
Theodosius of Antioch (patriarch)
208
Theodulos (Bulgarian archbishop)
262
Theomnestus (Greek writer)
221
Theophana of Constantinople (princess)
286, 292
Theophanes (protovestiarios)
226
Theophanos (opponent of tetragamy)
226–27, 233
Theophanos the Confessor (Byzantine chronicler)
185, 213
Theophylact Lekapenos (Byzantine patriarch)
2, 184–92, 194–98, 201–04, 206, 208–12, 215, 218–26, 228, 232–37, 249, 257
Theophylact of Nicomedia (bishop)
225
Theophylact of Ochrid (archbishop)
243
Theophylact of Tourkia (bishop)
241, 254, 258, 260n15
Theophylact the Unbearable (father of Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos)
186
Thietmar of Merseburg (prince-bishop)
291
Thoroczkay, Gábor (Hungarian historian)
248, 331n90, 337n140
Thosu (Hungarian chieftain)
152
Thurocius / Thuróczy, János (Hungarian chronicler)
175
Tibiscum (Roman town, now Jupa in Romania)
244
Tibiscus see Timiș
Tihany (Hungarian village)
281
Benedictine monastery
265–66, 277
Greek monastery
266
Oroszkő
266
Tikhomirov Mikhail Nikolajevich (Russian scientist)
216
Timbisko
244, 245
Timiș (river)
244
Timișoara (Romanian city)
244
Timok (geographical region in Serbia)
238
Timon, Samuel (Jesuit historian)
167, 174–78, 181
Tisa / Tisza (river)
15n11, 53n98, 106, 138–39, 152, 180, 239–40, 250, 259, 276
Upper Tisza region
Tisza area
159
Tiszántúl see Transtisza region
Tiszaeszlár-Sinkahegy (Hungarian village)
141
Tiszaörveny (Hungarian village)
142
Titel (Serbian village)
255, 282
St. Sophia chapter
282
Točik, Anton (Slovak archaeologist)
141
Tomis (Greek-Byzatine city in Dobrudja)
242
Tonelli, Tommaso (Italian scholar)
175n40
Toptanov, Dimitr (Bulgarian archaeologis)
145
Toropu, Octavian (Romanian archaeologist)
77
Toulouse (French city)
298n40
Tourkia (Byzantine name for Hungary)
1, 2, 4–6, 15, 48, 52, 161, 182, 184–85, 234, 236–37, 239, 241–42, 246–49, 254, 256–58n7, 259–60n15, 261n16, 264, 268, 272, 335, 358, 384, 386–87, 389
Tourkon
254, 258, 261, 358
Turks
Tóth, Sándor László (Hungarian historian)
156
Transdanubia(n) region
22, 328, 329, 330
Transtisza region
250, 259, 263
Transylvania (historical region in Romania)
1–6, 8, 11–13, 15, 29, 40, 44n73, 50–52n96, 53, 55, 60–62, 71–75, 78, 79, 84n24, 88, 89, 95n69, 96, 104, 106, 107, 109, 112, 131–32, 136, 138–39, 149, 152–59, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166–67, 172–82, 239, 248, 250–55, 258–59, 263–64, 283, 309, 313, 320, 326, 335, 337–41, 343, 345–46, 349, 351, 354, 357, 359, 380, 383–87, 389
Transylvanian Byzantine Bishopric
160, 174, 176, 247, 258–60, 335, 338, 340, 346, 349, 388
Transylvanian Catholic Bishopric
2, 11–13, 15, 18, 32, 47n84, 49, 50, 54, 55, 114, 164–67, 179, 240, 247, 253–54, 258, 313, 316–18, 326, 333, 335, 337, 339–44, 346, 350–53, 366n27, 387–88
Transylvanian cemeteries
98, 99
Transylvanian School (cultural movement)
3, 4n8, 173–74
Treadgold, Warren (American historian)
185
Trianon (treaty of)
4
Trinity (Christian doctrine)
204–06, 211, 237
Trnovec nad Vahom (Slovakian village)
141
Troița (Bulgarian village)
142
Tryphon (ecumenical patriarch)
188–89
Tsar’grad see Constantinople
Tudorie, Ionuț (Romanian theologian)
237
Tuhutum (Hungarian chieftain)
151–52, 156, 176
Tulcea (Romanian county)
139–40, 142, 144
Turanian horse
232
Turcuș, Șerban (Romanian historian)
49, 247, 283, 335n126, 345n196
Turda (Romanian town)
155, 163
Turda county
164
Turin (Italian city)
199n52
Turkey see Tourkia
Turkey (country)
2
Turks (Byzantine name for Hungarians)
184–85, 219, 226, 228, 230–31, 233, 249, 257, 335
Hungarians
Turkic origin
162
Turkic word
163, 273
Turzol (today Hungarian village Tarcal)
151
Tuscany (Italian region)
296
Tychon (saint)
266
Tymes see Timișoara
Tyrnau (Austrian town)
175n42
Ungheria see Hungary
Urban II (pope)
307
Ukraine (country)
134, 138–39, 141, 143
Ukrainian steppes
250
Ulpia Traiana Sarmisegetuza (capital of the Roman Dacia)
375n35
Umayyad caliphate
208
Ungrovlahia (Metropolitan of)
174
Unguraș (Romanian village)
155
Upper Hungary
168
Upper Tisza region
74, 251
Ural region
232
Ursu, Ioana (Romanian historian)
115, 283
Utrecht (city in Netherlands)
169n11
Vác (Hungarian town)
157, 326, 332–33
Vajk see Stephen I (Hungarian king)
Vanderputten, Steven (Belgian historian)
320
Vardar region
Vardariote Turk
6, 335
Vaslui (Romanian county)
140
Vata (Black Hungarian chieftain)
301
Vătășianu, Virgil (Romanian art historian)
41, 359, 368
Vatican (city-state)
311n74, 313
Vatican Apostolic Archive
311n74, 313
Vatican Secret Archive
313
Vatican Apostolic Library
244, 348
Vauchez, Andé (French medievalist)
309
Veliki Gradac (Croatian village)
107–08
Venice (Italian city)
291
Venetian Crete
345
Verdun (French city)
301n44
Véstő-Mágori Domb (Hungarian village)
146
Veszprém (Hungarian city)
142, 242, 265, 267–68, 326, 328, 330, 334–35, 340n170, 346, 352
rotunda chapel
328
Veszprémvölgy (Byzantine nunnery)
246, 254, 260n15, 267–68, 335
Veszprémy, László (Hungarian historian)
271n22
Vicodorum (village in Netherlands)
169n11
Vidin (Bulgarian town)
238–43, 272
Vienna (capital of Austria)
3, 182n75, 311, 314
Vienne (French commune)
301n44
Viișoara (Romanian village)
65n42, 77
Vîlceanu, Dumitru (Romanian archaeologist)
119, 127–28, 140, 145
Viminacium (Roman town, now Kostolac in Serbia)
243
Vinča (suburban settlement of Belgrade)
141, 145
Vințu de Jos (Romanian town)
106, 112
Virgin Mary (Theotokos)
123–25, 130–31, 199, 200, 218, 236, 261, 267–68, 271, 274, 293–94, 329, 333
Marian devotion
293, 333
Marian theology
293
Visegrád (Hungarian settlement)
265–67
Catholic monastery
265
Greek monastery
265
Vita of Saint Basil the Younger see Life of Saint Basil the Younger
Vitus of Nitra (bishop)
281
Vlachs see Romanians
Vladimir I the Great (king of Kievan Rus’)
219, 237, 359
Vladimir Rasate (Bulgarian emperor)
109
Vladimirko Volodarevich (king of Halych)
277
Vodena (Greek city)
243
Vodoča (Macedonian village)
70n62
Voicu, C. (Romanian archaeologist)
77
Vojvodina (historical region in Serbia)
274
Volga (river)
89
Volga region
232
Vranjevo (Serbian settlement, now suburb of Novi Bečej)
260n14
Vrbas (Serbian town)
282
Vršac (Serbian city)
145
Vukovar (Croatian city)
276
Vyšehrad (historic fort in Prague)
141
Wagner, Ferenc (Jesuit historian)
174
Walandar see Adrianople
Waldhütter von Adlershaufen, Stephan (German scholar)
169
Wallachia (medieval Romanian country)
58, 61, 66–69, 71–74
Weissenburg see Alba Iulia
Wenceslas I (duke of Bohemia)
329n63
Werböczy, István (Hungarian legal theorist)
311–315
West see Western world
Western Church see Roman-Catholic Church
Western Plain (geographical region in Romania)
163
Western saints
171, 335
Western world
285–86, 288, 318n8, 351n225
William I, count Burgundy
297n36
William I, duke of Aquitaine
295
Windisch, Karl Gottlieb von (Zipser writer)
172
Wittenberg (German town)
179
Wladislaw III (Polish-Hungarian king)
245
Worms (German city)
345
Yaroslav the Wise (king of Kievan Rus’)
266, 301
York (Walled city)
329n68
Zadar (Croatian city)
141
Zágráb / Zagreb (capital of Croatia)
327, 334, 352
Zajtay, Imre (Hungarian jurist)
284
Zalău (Romanian city)
164
Zaltas (Hungarian chieftain)
234
Zarka, János (Hungarian scholar)
170
Zeguholmu see Szeghalom
Zichy, Ferenc (Hungarian bishop)
169
Zipser(s) (German-speaking ethnic group developed in today Slovakia)
168, 172
Zirc (Hungarian town)
370, 371n32
Zlatna (Romanian town)
79, 109–10, 112
Zobolsu (Hungarian chieftain)
152
Zoerard (Benedictine saint)
308n65
Zoltan (Hungarian nobleman)
163
Zonaras, Ioannes (Byzantine chronicler)
256n1, 257n4
Zselicszentjakab (ruined Benedictine monastery in Hungary)
40n59, 54n106
Zuckerman, Constantin (French byzantinologist)
197, 215, 237
Zulta (Hungarian chieftain)
156
Zumbor (Hungarian chieftain)
165
Zsoldos, Attila (Hungarian historian)
384n6
Zsomboly see Pâncota
Zwonimir of Dalmatia (king of Croatia)
305–06