The Origins of Double Effect: The Scholastic Tradition

Brian Smith

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Chapter 1 The Origins of Double Effect: The Scholastic Tradition

于A History of Military Morals

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Brian Smith

Brian Smith
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类型:: 章节

Page Range:: 33–80

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004515482_003

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Abstract

Nineteenth-century pacifists sought to rehabilitate the primitive Christian tradition which expressly forbade the private right to self-defense. This rehabilitation of early Christian thought does a great deal to illuminate the moral climate in which Thomas Aquinas formulated his well-known doctrine of double effect – the belief that an action that produces a harm would be morally permitted if the primary intention were good, and the negative side effect were unintended. Even though military ethicists in the twentieth and twenty-first century routinely appeal to Aquinas’s ethical formula, it is by no means clear that it was originally developed to justify killing the innocent in war. Double effect was not used to justify such killing until the sixteenth century, when transformations in siege warfare made civilian casualties much more likely. This chapter shows that intention-based arguments for killing the innocent persisted right up to the end of the eighteenth century.

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A History of Military Morals

Killing the Innocent

丛编： History of Warfare, 卷： 138

ISBN:: 9789004515482

出版社:: Brill

印刷出版日期:: 12 Apr 2022

Subjects
- History
- Philosophy
  - Ethics & Moral Philosophy

Front Matter

Part 1 Killing the Innocent: Three Discursive Traditions from the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries

Part 2 The Nineteenth Century

Part 3 The Twentieth Century: Aerial Bombing and a Shift in Norms

Back Matter

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Chapter 1 The Origins of Double Effect: The Scholastic Tradition

Abstract

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A History of Military Morals

Killing the Innocent

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