0.1 Pulpit and sarcophagus, nave, Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, pulpit c.1100; sarcophagus 4th c. 2
1.1 Imago Mundi rose window, c.1190, south transept, Lausanne Cathedral 20
1.2 Exterior detail of the Imago Mundi window, south transept, Lausanne Cathedral 21
1.3 Plan of Lausanne Cathedral indicating processional routes 24
1.4 View of Lausanne Cathedral from the south 25
1.5 Plan of Lausanne Cathedral before the demolition of the choir screen, made after the plan of Erasmus Ritter of c.1763 26
1.6 Georg-Ludwig Vogel, pencil sketch from within the choir screen of Lausanne Cathedral, angled toward the northern choir, 4 September 1820 28
1.7 View of the north transept arm with the door that originally opened into the canons’ cloister, Lausanne Cathedral 30
1.8 View of the south transept arm of Lausanne Cathedral, with the Imago Mundi rose window 31
1.9 “God Creating the Universe with a Compass,” c.1208–15, frontispiece from the French Bible Moralisée 36
1.10 Villard de Honnecourt, “The Round Window of Lausanne,” from his Portfolio of c.1235 39
1.11 Diagram of the current subjects in the Imago Mundi window, Lausanne Cathedral 42
1.12 Euroauster, detail from the upper right of the Imago Mundi window, Lausanne Cathedral 43
1.13 Aqua, detail from the lower center of the Imago Mundi window, Lausanne Cathedral 44
1.14 Oculos in humeris and Cinomologi, details of the Monstrous Races in the upper right quadrant of the Imago Mundi window, Lausanne Cathedral. Personifications of the month of April at lower left and the River Tigris at upper right 45
1.15 September, October, and November, details of the Labors of the Months from the lower left of the Imago Mundi window, Lausanne Cathedral. Personification of Autumn at center 47
2.1 Window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, stained glass, 4.53 m × 1 m, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 57
2.2 Reconstruction of the original program of the window of St. Margaret (gray areas indicate losses), Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 60
2.3 Margaret Tending Sheep, medallion 1, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 62
2.4 Margaret’s Abduction, medallion 2, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 62
2.5 Margaret before Two Men, medallion 3, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 63
2.6 Margaret before Olybrius, medallion 4, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 67
2.7 Heinrich of Passau, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, abbey Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 68
2.8 Margaret and the Demon, medallion 9, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 72
2.9 Margaret Tortured, medallion 5, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 73
2.10 Margaret is Raked, medallion 6, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 75
2.11 Margaret and the Defeated Dragon, medallion 8, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 76
2.12 Margaret and the Dragon, medallion 7, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 77
2.13 Margaret’s Ascension, medallion 14, window of St. Margaret, 1230–40, Church of St. Margaret, Ardagger, Lower Austria 79
3.1 North ambulatory looking into the chapel of Mary Magdalene, abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme, 14th–16th c. 86
3.2 View of east window of Mary Magdalene chapel from the north aisle, abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme, 14th c. 87
3.3 Louis Boudan, Portal from the Holy Tear Shrine, 1697, pen and India ink and watercolor 90
3.4 Detail of figure 3.3: tympanum and voussiors depicting scenes from the Raising of Lazarus 91
3.5 Floor plan of the abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme 93
3.6 Left: Christ with Mary and Martha; center: Feast at the House of Simon the Pharisee; right: Prediction of Christ, chapel of Mary Magdalene, late 15th–16th c., abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme 95
3.7 Feast at the House of Simon the Pharisee, center window, mid-16th c., chapel of Mary Magdalene, abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme 98
3.8 Christ with Mary and Martha, west window, mid-16th c., chapel of Mary Magdalene, abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme 101
3.9 Statue of Martha weeping, from the tomb of St. Lazare, 12th c., Autun, Museé de Rolin 102
3.10 Raising of Lazarus, 13th c., chapel of Mary Magdalene, Chartres Cathedral 105
3.11 Raising of Lazarus and the Collection of the Holy Tear, late-15th c., abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme 106
3.12 Choir screen at place of relic display, abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme, c.1528 109
3.13 Clerestory stained glass of the Holy Tear, abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme, c.1295 110
3.14 Choir screen inscriptions marking location of Holy Tear shrine, abbey church of La Trinité, Vendôme, 1528 111
4.1 View of the monastery of San Millán de Yuso in the foreground and Suso in the background, San Millán de la Cogolla 120
4.2 View of northwest cave openings from southeast portal, monastery of San Millán de Suso, San Millán de la Cogolla 122
4.3 Floor plan of the monastery of San Millán de Suso, San Millán de la Cogolla 123
4.4 Slope with rock-cut tombs, northeast of the monastery of San Millán de Suso, San Millán de la Cogolla 124
4.5 Westernmost cave with rock-cut tombs, visible from nave, monastery of San Millán de Suso, San Millán de la Cogolla 125
4.6 Coppiced trees (now removed), at the church of San Bartolomé, Ucero (Soria) 129
4.7 La Virgen de las Vegas, Santiuste de Pedraza (Segovia) 129
4.8 Southeast portico sarcophagi, monastery of San Millán de Suso, San Millán de la Cogolla 133
4.9 Cenotaph of San Millán, c.1200, oriented toward the mountain, monastery of San Millán de Suso, San Millán de la Cogolla. At left of the cenotaph is the window communicating to the southwest cave chambers 136
4.10 Arca of San Millán, c.1060–80. Ivory panel depicting the healing of the two blind men 138
4.11 Arca of San Millán, c.1060–80. Ivory panel depicting the resuscitation of the girl 139
4.12 Detail of cenotaph in figure 4.9: “Two Blind Men and Their Dog” 140
4.13 Detail of cenotaph in figure 4.9: “Resurrected Girl” 141
5.1 Sigiriya, Central Province, Sri Lanka, plastered face of Cave B7 with visible drip ledge protecting traces of conserved paintings, July 8, 2015 152
5.2 Sigiriya, view from western precinct showing the rock feature with Mirror Wall and excavated water features on either side of bisecting path, August 6, 2013 153
5.3 Schematic plan, Auto-CAD/Illustrator drawn from a field-surveyed grid to scale, showing the central outcrop, surrounding terraces, two inner precincts, bisecting east-west path, moats, and rectangular bounding wall with ancient rainwater collection pond 153
5.4 Sigiriya, leaning boulders over limestone-inlaid steps, entrance to central terraced hill, August 6, 2013 154
5.5 Sigiriya, limestone-inlaid steps along western escarpment, main approach, April 23, 2016 155
5.6 Sigiriya, views of bisecting east–west axis, with meandering rill, water features, and surrounding landscape taken from the spiral staircase at the height of the climb up the western steps, August 14, 2013 156
5.7 Sigiriya, view of Mirror Wall from top of western steps, April 23, 2016 157
5.8 A visitor inside the Mirror Wall corridor, August 8, 2013 157
5.9 Annotated hand-drawn plan of monastery site 2, including caves B12 and B11 and other features 162
5.10 Sigiriya, view of excavated interior of cave B11, April 23, 2016 163
5.11 Sigiriya, view of excavated interior of cave with asana, remnants of plaster, and paintings, July 8, 2015 163
5.12 Sigiriya, view of Mirror Wall showing incised writing in early eḷu, April 23, 2016 166
5.13 Conserved paintings in a niche, Sigiriya rock, August 14, 2013 168
5.14 Conserved paintings in a niche, Sigiriya rock, photographed 1901 169
5.15 Auto-CAD drawing and photo showing vertical section across the Mirror Wall corridor and locating extant paintings at approximate scale 172
6.1 Holy Sepulchre Chapel, North Transept, Winchester Cathedral, c.1170 (with later interventions) 186
6.2 Plan of Winchester Cathedral with outline of Old Minster, 2010 188
6.3 Interior view, North Transept, Winchester Cathedral, 1079–93 189
6.4 Crypt, Winchester Cathedral, 1079–93 190
6.5 Plan of the Feretory, Winchester Cathedral, 1150s 192
6.6 The Holy Hole, Winchester Cathedral, 1150s (now set in the 14th-century feretory screen in the retrochoir) 193
6.7 Reconstruction of St. Swithun’s tomb-shrine, Winchester, 13th c. 195
6.8 Wooden mortuary chests of Anglo-Saxons, Choir, Winchester Cathedral, c.1501–28 196
6.9 East Bay of the Holy Sepulchre Chapel, North Transept, Winchester Cathedral, 1170s (rib vaults constructed in 1220s) 201
6.10 Entombment of Christ; Visit of the Maries to the Tomb, Holy Sepulchre Chapel, Winchester Cathedral, 1170s, fresco 202
7.1 Markets of Trajan and Torre delle Milizie, Rome, present-day 211
7.2 Map of archaeological zone of imperial fora during late medieval period: (1) Markets of Trajan; (2) Casa dei Cavalieri (Knights Hospitaller) in Forum of Augustus; (3) Patrician houses in the Forum of Nerva; (4) Private dwellings in the Forum of Caesar; (5) Sant’Adriano (ex-Curia Senatus); (6) Monastery of San Basilio in Scala Mortuorum (Temple of Mars Ultor in Forum of Augustus); (7) Houses and convents of Santo Spirito and Sant’Eufemia over site of peristyle in Forum of Trajan; (8) Church of Sant’Abbaciro (Markets of Trajan); (9) Basilica Ulpia; (10) Templum Divi Traiani and Column of Trajan 212
7.3 Plan of Markets of Trajan and adjoining insula, Rome 213
7.4 Hieronymus Cock, Operum Antiquorum Romanorum, Rome, 1562, view overlooking the Via Biberatica with Loggia dei Caetani 214
7.5 Alò Giovannoli, Vedute degli Antichi Vestigj di Roma, parte 2, Rome, 1616, 177r., view of procession along Salita del Grillo to the Forum Nervae (“Palaggio di Nerva”) 217
7.6 Buonaccorso Ghiberti, Zibaldone, Reconstruction of hemicycle from the Markets of Trajan (“palazzo milicie”) 219
7.7 Giuliano da Sangallo, Libro Grande, Plan of hemicycle from the Markets of Trajan (above) and Minerva Medica (below) 220
7.8 Giuliano da Sangallo, Libro Grande, Reconstruction of the hemicycle from the Markets of Trajan (“Palazzo delle Milizie”) 222
7.9 Menicantonio de Chiarellis, Axonometric view of hemicycle from the Markets of Trajan 223
7.10 Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane, Drawing of ancient columns and piers found under the house of Girolamo Cuccino near the hemicycle of the Markets of Trajan 226
7.11 Pirro Ligorio, Small Archaeological Map of Rome (1553), detail: Forum Traiani and Thermae Constantini on Quirinal hill 228
7.12 Giovannantonio Dosio, Facsimile drawing after fragments of the Severan Forma Urbis discovered in 1562 229
7.13 Pirro Ligorio, Reconstruction of Forum Traiani 230
7.14 Giovannantonio Dosio, View of hemicycle for the Aedificia illustria Urbis Romae 231
7.15 Bernardo Gamucci, “Bagni di Paolo Emilio,” illustration from Libri Quattro dell’Antichità della città di Roma (Venice, 1565), p. 123 232
7.16 Sallustio Peruzzi, Reconstructed view in section and plan of the Aula Magna and hemicycle from the Markets of Trajan (above) 234
7.17 Sallustio Peruzzi, Reconstruction of the hemicycle as a Vitruvian theater for the monastery of Santa Caterina da Siena a Magnanapoli 235
7.18 Reconstruction of the ruins from a Roman theater located between Terracina and Fondi. Sebastiano Serlio, Il terzo libro … nel qual si figurano, e descriuono le antiquita di Roma e le altre che sono in Italia, e fuori d’Italia, Venice, 1540, p. LVI 236
7.19 Sallustio Peruzzi, Preliminary Project for the Church and Monastery of Santa Caterina da Siena a Magnanapoli 237
7.20 Giambattista Nolli, Map of Rome (1748), detail: streets over site of Forum of Trajan: (103) Via Alessandrina; (104) Via dei Carbonari; (113) Piazza of Colonna Traiana; (114) Church of Spirito Santo; (115) Church of Sant’Eufemia; (116) Vicolo dei Taroli; (117) Palazzo Ceva (Roccagiovane); (118) Salita di Monte Magnanapoli; (119) Ruins of the Bagni di Paolo; (121) Church of Santa Maria in Campo Carleo; (124) Arco dei Pantani; (129) Salita del Grillo; (273) Palazzo Bonelli (ex-Zambeccario) 239
8.1 Interior view showing ciborium (center) and parapet reliefs (lower right), painted stucco, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 250
8.2 Plan of the abbey, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 251
8.3 Parapet around the stairway to the crypt, stucco with faded paint, north wall, interior view, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 251
8.4 Paradise Garden, fresco, narthex, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 252
8.5 Griffin and Lion Eating Vines from a Chalice, parapet over crypt stairs, first panel, stucco with faded paint, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 253
8.6 Two Lions Eating Vines from a Mask, parapet over crypt stairs, second panel, stucco with faded paint, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 253
8.7 Two Senmurvs Eating Fish, parapet over crypt stairs, third panel, drawing of stucco relief, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 254
8.8 Interior view looking east towards main entrance, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 257
8.9 Traditio legis, main entrance, fresco over the portal, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 259
8.10 View of narthex parapets as exiting through the main door from the nave, Griffin (left; north) and chimera (right; south), stucco, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 260
8.11 Presentation of the Virgin, Death and Assumption of the Virgin, and Crucifixion, painted stucco scenes over the altar in the crypt, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 261
8.12 Lion and Griffin Drinking from Chalice, limestone relief, Qasr al-Mshatta in Jordan, 8th c. 265
8.13 Senmurvs at the Tree of Life, marble relief, Oratory of San Michele alla Pusterla, Pavia, now in the Civic Museum, Pavia, 7th–8th c. 266
8.14 Paradise fountains compared: a. Drawing of Panel on Bronze Door, bronze relief, Salerno Cathedral, 11th c., and b. Drawing of Pigna Fountain, bronze, atrium, Basilica of Old St. Peter’s, Rome, 9th c. 267
8.15 Rivers of Paradise, narthex vault, fresco, abbey church of San Pietro al Monte, Civate, 11th c. 269
9.1 Exterior, north elevation of the two-story porch, St. Fortunatus’ Abbey, Charlieu, 12th c. 281
9.2 Interior level ground floor of the narthex, seen from the north portal, with the entrance to the cloister in front and the church on the left, St. Fortunatus’ Abbey, Charlieu, 11th–12th c. 283
9.3 Interior, first floor of the narthex, seen from the south, St. Fortunatus’ Abbey, Charlieu, 11th–12th c. 284
9.4 Exterior, western and north side of the porch with the Philippe-Auguste tower at the back, St. Fortunatus’ Abbey, Charlieu, 12th c. 284
9.5 Map of the Charlieu Monastery based on the excavations of Elisabeth Read Sunderland 285
9.6 Map of the city of Charlieu: points of urbanization (10th c.–mid-12th c.), based on the drawing by Etienne Fournial 286
9.7 Exterior, north side of the porch, main gate, Maiestas Domini, St. Fortunatus’ Abbey, Charlieu, 12th c. 287
9.8 Exterior, north side of the porch, main gate, left jamb, Lust, St. Fortunatus’ Abbey, Charlieu, 12th c. 288
9.9 Exterior, north side of the porch, side bay, tympanum: Wedding of Cana, lintel: suovetaurilia, the meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek and Isaac’s sacrifice, St. Fortunatus’ Abbey, Charlieu, 12th c. 289
9.10 Reconstruction of the narthex of Romainmôtier Abbey, late 11th c. 292
9.11 Plan of the Abbey of Cluny II according to the results of archaeological excavations by Kenneth J. Conant 295
9.12 Jean-Baptiste Lallemand, “Grande porte de l’église de l’abbaye de Cluny,” c.1773, drawing kept at Musée d’Art et d’Archéologie de Cluny, engraved by Niquet to illustrate the Voyage pittoresque de la France (vol. 2, 1748, pl. 56), no. 76.188 298
9.13 Exterior, north side of the porch, side bay, close view, tympanum: Wedding of Cana, lintel: suovetaurilia, the meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek and Isaac’s sacrifice, St. Fortunatus’ Abbey, Charlieu, 12th c. 300
9.14 Exterior, western façade, main portal, tympanum: Maiestas Domini, lintel: Last Supper, Saint-Julien-de-Jonzy, Saint-Julien-de-Brioude Church, 12th c. 301
10.1 Virgen del Tesoro, c.1200, Museo del Sagrario, Toledo Cathedral 316
10.2 Capilla Real, Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba, 1371 317
10.3 Virgen del Sagrario, c.1225, Capilla de la Virgen del Sagrario, Toledo Cathedral 320
10.4 Santa María la Blanca, early 14th c., choir, Toledo Cathedral 322
10.5 View of triforium in northern ambulatory, Toledo Cathedral, c.1225 324
10.6 Lantern of al-Hakam II, Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba, 961–65 324
11.1 ‘Powerspot,’ Ise Grand Shrine, Japan 331
11.2 Aerial view showing added location of ‘Powerspot,’ Ise Grand Shrine 331
11.3 “No admittance from this point” signage cordoning off access to rear of Shōden area, Ise Grand Shrine, Japan 336
11.4 Map of Ise City with locations of Geku and Naiku shrines 337
11.5 Map showing detailed view of Naiku, Kotaijingu–Ise Grand Shrine, Japan 338
11.6 Torii gate at the Uji bridge crossing the Isuzu river at the Naiku inner shrine, Ise Grand Shrine, Japan, reconstructed after 9th c. original 339
11.7 Obscured view of the Kōtai-jingū (Naiku shrine) from the pilgrimage path past the Kaguraden, Ise Grand Shrine, Japan, reconstructed after 9th c. original 339
11.8 View of Naiku shrine, seen unobscured from behind the fences, Ise Grand Shrine, Japan, reconstructed after 9th c. original 340
11.9 Aerial view of current Shōden (left) and Kodenchi former site (right), Ise Grand Shrine, Japan 341
11.10 Illustration depicting side view of the Shōden (the heart pillar is enclosed in the cage below), Ise Grand Shrine, Japan 342
11.11 Kongokai (Vajra) Mandala, Shingon tantric Buddhist school, late 9th c. 344
11.12 Eison’s sutra cabinet (Ise mishotai zushi), about .56 m. Cabinet contains mirrors of the Taizokai Shuji (Womb) and Kongokai Shuji (Diamond) Mandalas, 13th c. 349
11.13 Contextual view of Figure 12, Ise mishotai zushi cabinet, 13th c. 350
11.14 Kazenomiya (Kazahinomi-no-miya) at the Naiku shrine, Ise Grand Shrine, Japan reconstructed after 9th c. original 350
11.15 Iseyama Koutaijingu, Yokohama, Japan 351
12.1 The kings’ mounds at Old Uppsala today 360
12.2 King Carl XIV Johan Visiting the Mounds at Old Uppsala depicts one famous instance of modern nationalistic fervor around the site. 1834 painting by Johan Way 361
12.3 The location of Gamla Uppsala and a selection of other Vendel/Viking period sites in Mälardalen (c. AD 600s–1050) 363
12.4 Map of locations of major archaeological features at Old Uppsala mentioned in the text (c. AD 550–1050) 365
12.5 The 50 m-long uppsalr as visualized in virtual reality at the Gamla Uppsala Museum 366
12.6 Excavated 900 m stretch of the northern row of the post monument 367
12.7 Artist’s rendition of the Iron Age temple at Uppåkra, Skåne (c. AD 500–800). A separate temple in Viking Age Uppsala would have likely resembled this type of cult house 369
12.8 Traces of medieval and older roads leading to Old Uppsala (c. AD 500–1600) 371
12.9 Examples of burial processions in Vendel and Viking Age art. (above) Detail of the picture stone from Tängelgårda, Gotland (AD 900s) and (below) reconstruction of a tapestry from the Oseberg ship burial 374
12.10 This figurine from Rällinge, Sweden is an example of a surviving cult image. It is believed to depict Frey because, as in Adam’s description, the figure has a pronounced phallus (c. AD 750–1050) 375
12.11 Astronomical alignments of the kings’ mounds (c. AD 550–1050) 378
12.12 Vertical and horizontal arrangements of the worlds in Old Norse cosmology (according to early 13th-century Eddic literature) 380
12.13 A common post-burial practice at Old Uppsala was the deposition of votive or amulet rings such as these examples in strategic areas of the surrounding grave fields (c. AD 750–1050) 383
13.1 Tower porch, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 389
13.2 Plan of the tower porch, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 390
13.3 Tower porch, north façade, capital situated at the entrance of the nave, Christ in Majesty, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 395
13.4 Plan of the abbey and the burgus of Fleury, 1645, Bibliothèque municipale d’Orléans 396
13.5A Tower porch, north façade, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015‒26 398
13.5B Upper level, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire),c. 399
13.6 Tower porch, north façade, carved plaque with episodes from the life of David, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 400
13.7 Jupiter holding lightning against the Titan, Aureus of Diocletian, AD 284–94, Vienna, Münzkabinett, Kunsthistorisches Museum, inv. RÖ 23412 401
13.8 Tower porch, north façade, carved plaques with a she-wolf/bear, a wolf, and a bear, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 402
13.9 The Roman she-wolf, Aureus of Hadrian, AD 125–28, Vienna, Münzkabinett, Kunsthistorisches Museum, inv. RÖ 88486 403
13.10 Tower porch, north façade, carved plaques with the Martyrdom of St. Stephen, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 404
13.11 Tower porch, north façade, carved plaques with hunting and zodiac, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 405
13.12 Tower porch, north façade, schematic organization of the iconography, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 406
13.13 Tower porch, north façade, capital depicting lust located on the western pillar, abbey church of Notre-Dame, Fleury (Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire), c.1015–26 411
14.1 South portal, Cathedral of Saint-Julien, Le Mans, mid-12th c. 420
14.2 Plan of Cathedral of Saint-Julien, Le Mans 421
14.3 South flank with porch, Cathedral of Saint-Julien, Le Mans, mid-12th c. 422
14.4 Tympanum and archivolts, south portal, Cathedral of Saint-Julien, Le Mans, mid-12th c. 424
14.5 Right jamb, south portal, Cathedral of Saint-Julien, Le Mans, mid-12th c. 425
14.6 South portal, Cathedral of Saint-Julien, Le Mans, mid-12th c., exterior view from the Grande Rue 427
14.7 Interior view, Cathedral of Saint-Julien, Le Mans, 11th–12th c. 428
14.8 Plan of the Roman walls of Le Mans 429
14.9 Portion of Roman walls, Le Mans 430
14.10 Enamel of Geoffrey Plantagenet, 12th c., Museum of Archeology and History, Le Mans 432
14.11 Saint-Pierre-la-Cour with the Cathedral of Saint-Julien in the background, Le Mans 434
14.12 Louis Boudan, Profil de la Ville du Mans (1695), watercolor, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France 436
14.13 Léon Hublin, in Le Mans pittoresque (Le Mans, 1884) 437
14.14 Master of James IV of Scotland (Flemish, before 1465–c.1541), manuscript page, “Procession for Corpus Christi” (c.1510–20), leaf: 23.2 × 16.7 cm (9–1/8 × 6–9/16 in.) 438
14.15 Exterior view, abbey church of Saint-Pierre de la Couture (presently the church of Notre-Dame de la Couture), 12th c. 440