adaptation
23 , 247 , 280 –282
administrative law
54 , 65 , 315
amendment
105 , 107
de facto
48 , 110 , 119 , 121 , 238
procedures
108 –111 , 120
Anthropocene
16 –21 , 247 , 280 , 295 , 307 , 313 , 321
appropriation
27 , 30 –36
appurtenance
30 –36
balancing principles
53 , 71 , 80 , 82 , 198 , 208 , 315
baselines
33 , 282
benefit sharing
88
carbon capture and storage (ccs)
272 –277
change
3 –4 , 13 –15
formal
22 , 106 , 107 –118 , 169
informal
22 , 106
mechanisms for
21 –23 , 26 , 106 , 247
institutional
126 –150 , 295
interpretative practice
22 , 168 , 311
treaty-based
22 , 168 , 309
sources of demand for
13 , 170 , 312
climate engineering.
See
geoengineering
codification
30 –36
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (clcs)
87 , 127 –131
common area
68 , 89
common concern of humankind
68
common heritage of humankind
38 , 96
benefit
97 , 98
environmental protection
285 –289
principle
98 –100 , 114
common interest
20 , 34 , 38 , 55 , 58 –63 , 82 , 93 , 99 , 291 , 312 , 315
conceptions of commonality
68 –71
community interests.
See
common interest
conflict clauses
117 , 118
consensus
120 , 133
decision making
42 –46
consent
10 –12 , 66 –67 , 163 –164 , 189
context
4 , 16 –21 , 168 , 173 , 319
contextual conditions
19 –21 , 247
continental shelf
85 –89
outer
87 –89 , 127
Convention on Biological Diversity (cbd)
68 , 94 , 118 , 206 , 224 , 257 , 270
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (cites)
224
cooperation
226 –228
customary international law
26 , 122 , 161 , 237 –238 , 284
declarations
112
deep seabed
37 –40 , 46 , 98 –100
dispute settlement
70 , 138 –150
Annex vii arbitration
140
compulsory
82 , 140 –144 , 262 –263
exceptions
82 , 84 , 142 –144
compulsory conciliation
143
incidental jurisdiction
205 , 208
jurisdiction
202 , 204
distributional mechanisms
83 –85
doctrine of sources
7 , 8 , 12 , 126
due diligence
221 –225 , 229 –230 , 259 –262 , 299 , 320 –321
due regard
53 , 75 , 80 –83 , 86 , 89 , 90 –91
dumping
269 , 271 , 274 , 276
Earth system
16 , 313 , 316
ecosystem approach
281
enforcement
79 , 224 , 230 , 262 , 315
environmental impact assessment (eia)
228 –229 , 303
equity
34 , 35 , 53 , 79
erga omnes
69 , 70 , 72 , 114 , 127
evolutionary terms.
See
open-ended terms
exclusive economic zone (eez)
76 –85
exclusive fishing zone (efz)
35
First United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (unclos i)
32
Fish Stocks Agreement (fsa)
94 , 231 –234
flag state jurisdiction
91 –93
fragmentation
138 , 141 , 154 , 170
freedom of the (high) seas
28 , 29 , 52 , 89 –91
functional jurisdiction
76 –85
geoengineering
265
marine
271 , 277
good faith
75 , 79 , 178
harmonisation.
See
systemic integration
human rights
180 , 207 , 211
illegal, unreported and unregulated (iuu) fishing
81 , 91 , 211
implementation
106 , 234 , 260
Implementing Agreements
110
International Legally Binding Instrument on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (bbnj)
96 , 111 , 125 , 232 , 277 , 296 , 304
Part xi Implementing Agreement
48 , 100 –102 , 134 , 231
implied powers
121
innocent passage
72
interactional law
12
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ipcc)
18 , 248 , 295
International Court of Justice (icj)
138
International Law Commission (ilc)
31 , 41 , 55 , 74 , 107 , 178 , 190 , 260
Report on fragmentation
116
Study Group on sea-level rise in relation to international law
283
Working Group on subsequent practice
184 , 193
International Maritime Organisation (imo)
153 , 155 –156 , 253
international public law
5 , 66 , 123 , 208
International Seabed Authority (isa)
87 , 96 , 99 , 131 –138 , 285 –289
Assembly
132
Council
132 –133
Exploitation Regulations
134 , 135 , 289 –295
Legal and Technical Commission (ltc)
133 –134 , 136
The Enterprise
134
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (itlos)
71 , 138 , 141 , 144 –147
advisory jurisdiction
144 , 145 –146
prompt release
145 , 209 –214
interpretation
106 , 121 , 128 , 169 , 171
evolutionary
170 , 177 –179 , 196 –197 , 207
intention of the parties
176 , 178 , 182 , 184 –189
intertemporal renvoi
177 , 185 , 189
judicial development through
199 –230
open-ended terms
182 –183 , 198
principle of contemporaneity
175 –177
principle of effectiveness
186 , 205
subsequent conduct
193 –195
systemic integration
190 –192 , 245 , 260 , 278
teleological
180 –182 , 187
textual
196 , 198 , 201 , 212 , 216
interpretative community
22 , 173 , 245 , 280 , 312
intertemporal law
175 , 178
law-making
2
formal
2
informal
8
proactive
253 , 273 , 281
reactive
281
legitimacy
215
London Dumping Convention (lc)
159 , 269 , 272
London Dumping Protocol (lp)
159 , 269 , 272 , 274
Mare Clausum
27
Mare Liberum
27
margin of appreciation.
See
standard of review
marine environment
climate change impacts
249 , 281
cumulative impacts
16 , 248 , 290
pollution
250 –265 , 279
plastic
253 , 296
marine protected area (mpa)
61 , 74
marine scientific research
301 , 302
maritime boundary dispute
33 , 128 , 142
Meeting of States Parties to the Law of the Sea Convention (splos)
118 –122
mitigation
23 , 247 , 250 –265
modification
107 , 120 , 232
by subsequent practice
113 , 195 , 236 , 284
inter se
108 , 111 , 113 –117 , 233
necessity
78 –80 , 214 , 215
negative emissions technologies
266
neuston
304
ocean acidification
256 –257 , 261 , 268
ocean fertilisation
266 , 268 –272
path dependency
317
port state jurisdiction
92 –93
positivism
55 , 107 , 171 , 175
precautionary approach
21 , 225 –226 , 261 , 272 , 278 , 281 , 288 , 305
problem shifting
278 –280
reasonable regard
30 , 32 , 35 , 90
reasonableness
53 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 214 , 215
regime interaction
14 , 24 , 65 , 191 , 192 , 203 , 227 , 230 , 312
regional agreements
234 –235
regional fisheries management organisations (rfmos)
94 , 232 , 281
relational contract theory
188
res communis
27 , 37 , 89
reservations
111 –113
restoration
23 , 247 , 295 –298
risk
268 , 273 , 279 , 286 , 292 , 303 –307 , 317
risk/risk trade-offs
305
rules of reference
150 –158 , 252 –259 , 271 , 276 , 277
scientific knowledge
287 , 290 , 292 , 306 , 316
sea-level rise
251 , 282
Second United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (unclos ii)
32
sectoral approach
23 , 151 , 166 , 247 , 278 , 314
shared responsibility
97
soft law
160 , 161 , 240 –244 , 261
sovereign rights
30 , 53 , 56 , 76 , 78 , 85
sovereignty
30 , 52 , 53 , 54 –67
functional
55 , 63 , 64 –67 , 75 , 78
stability
7 –13 , 174
standard of review
79 , 208 –209
state practice
25 , 29 , 112 , 131 , 170 , 235 –244 , 284 –285
inconsistent
239 –240
technological developments
37 , 64 , 151 , 218
territorial sea
29 , 30 , 71 –75
The Ocean Cleanup (toc)
296 , 299 , 300 –303
Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (unclos iii)
25 , 40 , 105
treaty law
9 –10
formalism
8
trusteeship
63
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos)
1 , 53
constitution
4 –7 , 149 , 245 , 312
deep structure
54
living treaty
6 , 168 , 177 , 181 , 200 , 313 –318
package deal
5 , 11 , 42 –46 , 111 , 310 , 316
Part xi
47
Part xii
70 , 72 , 219 , 230 , 250 –265
uncertainty
273 , 304 , 306 , 317
unilateralism
50 , 139 , 236 , 239 , 245 , 270
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (unfccc)
68 , 254
Paris Agreement
254 , 257
nationally determined contributions (ndcs)
255 , 259 , 261 , 273
United Nations General Assembly (unga)
31 , 122 –126 , 241
Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (ipc)
124
Resolutions on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
123
Resolutions on Sustainable Fisheries
123
Secretary General’s Report on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
122 , 248
unity of ocean space
16
universalism
5 , 46 –48 , 102
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (vclt)
9 , 108 , 173
rules on treaty interpretation
173 , 180 –195
zonal approach
52 , 313