New Light on the Asian Tribute Trade and the Tokugawa Invention of a Japan-Centered International Order

Geoffrey C. Gunn

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Chapter 5 New Light on the Asian Tribute Trade and the Tokugawa Invention of a Japan-Centered International Order

于Asian Culture, Diplomacy and Foreign Relations, Volume I

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Geoffrey C. Gunn

Geoffrey C. Gunn
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类型:: 章节

Page Range:: 166–190

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004508255_007

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Abstract

Long a participant member of the East Asian tributary order and in awe of Chinese civilization for over a millennium, as this chapter elaborates, Hideyoshi’s invasion of Korea (1592–1598) not only opened a breach in tradition with Ming China, but gave impetus to Tokugawa Japan to establish its own Japan-centered international order. Notionally a closed country, for over 250 years the Tokugawa Shogunate nevertheless adopted a selective trade policy in line with elaborate protocols and regulations. Under the new norms, arriving Portuguese, English, and Dutch traders, and not excepting Koreans, Ryukyuans, and even Siamese missions, were obliged on pain of expulsion to mount costly and arduous journeys to the shogunal “court” in Edo (Tokyo). With the imperial line in Kyoto, we can see in the Tokugawa conceit an invented tradition combining various artifices as with Shintoist and other key elements while paying lip service to Confucian doctrines. In particular, the chapter examines the specific ideological and practical features of the shogunal court, finding parallels with “theater states” of Southeast Asia such as described by political anthropologist Clifford Geertz. Such displays, “spectacles,” and ritualized performances also involving gift-giving were not only serviceable to Japan’s international diplomacy in the creation of a Japan-centered regional order but also worked to win support from traditional elites still immersed in Chinese learning at a time when interest in ideas and techniques from the West was also gaining traction. And so, whereas the Ming and Qing courts were obsessed with astronomy and calendrical calculations and kept science at a distance, the shogunal court was also adept in absorbing non-traditional knowledge from the West, eventually leading to the diverging paths of the two countries.

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Asian Culture, Diplomacy and Foreign Relations, Volume I

China

丛编： East and West, 卷： 13.1

Cover Asian Culture, Diplomacy and Foreign Relations, Volume I

ISBN:: 9789004508255

出版社:: Brill

印刷出版日期:: 06 Jan 2022

Subjects
- Asian Studies
  - General
  - China
  - History
- History
  - Chinese History
  - East Asian History

Front Matter

Part 1 The Tribute System within the Domestic Context: Essence, Paradigm and Variables

Part 2 The Tribute System within the Global Context: Conflict, Transition and Transplantation

Part 3 From the Tribute System to Modern Diplomacy: Challenge, Transformation and Adaptation

Back Matter

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Chapter 5 New Light on the Asian Tribute Trade and the Tokugawa Invention of a Japan-Centered International Order

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Asian Culture, Diplomacy and Foreign Relations, Volume I

China

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