Index
10th Five-Year Plan
44
11th Five-Year Plan
44
12th CPC National Congress
47
12th Five-Year Plan
44
13th CPC National Congress
48
13th Five-Year Plan
83, 92
14th CPC National Congress
35, 46, 48
15th CPC National Congress
46, 48
16th CPC National Congress
36
18th CPC National Congress
38, 50
18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
31
19th CPC National Congress
48, 73, 92
advanced aging society
22, 23
age structure
2, 7, 16, 76, 88
aging population
1, 21
aging process
1, 21, 22, 37
agricultural employment
40, 111
agricultural industrialization
89
agricultural industry chain
84
agricultural labor
17, 40
agricultural mechanization
36
agricultural sector
3, 40, 47, 68, 75, 76, 81, 82
agricultural subsidies
36
Agricultural workers
37, 82, 83
agriculture
31, 55, 61, 65, 75, 77, 83, 86, 88
agriculture-oriented
55
average annual growth rate
1, 19, 21, 31, 35
average annual increase
1, 14, 21, 22, 42, 78, 80
average annual wage
42, 64
average health expectancy
12
average life expectancy
2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 22, 23
baby boomers
1
big data calculation
94
birth rate
1, 2, 3, 7
capital market
68, 73
case study
91, 95
Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
4, 5
childbearing age
3, 5
child-rearing ratio
20
children dependency ratio
19
China-US trade
51
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
29, 54, 75, 106, 111
Chinese miracle
30
coastal regions
15, 17
collective bargaining power
115, 119
collective economy
54, 56, 65, 72
college enrollment
12
college graduates
12, 13, 52
comparative advantage
16, 17, 68
compensation according to work performance
57
compensation by contribution
64
compensation system
35
comprehensive economic strength
55
comprehensive reform
35, 41, 43
cooperative organizations
84
credit information
88
credit management
88
Cultural Revolution
4, 63, 64, 66
decent work
93, 119
demographic dividend
2, 7, 8, 19
demographic quality
2, 4
dependency ratio
3, 7, 8, 18, 19, 20
developed countries
3, 24, 26, 68, 76, 107, 110
developing countries
107
Didi Platform
91, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105
distribution mechanism
55
distribution relationship
54, 56, 57, 64, 65, 72
dual-track
32, 34, 35
eastern coastal areas
36, 47
economic competitiveness
47
economic growth
8, 13, 31, 36, 38, 49, 54, 68, 72, 81, 86, 92, 104
economic stability
108
economic transformation
50, 86, 92, 108
economic transition
92
education
1, 4, 12, 13, 25, 26, 36, 50, 57, 67, 87, 88, 101, 102, 111, 114
elderly population
1, 19, 21, 22
empirical research
93
Empirical studies
8, 13
Employment boom
30, 31, 46, 47, 48
Employment Development
29, 30, 32, 38, 40, 46
employment discrimination
36, 116, 118
employment environment
81
employment expansion
38, 48
employment growth
34, 35, 92
employment platform
96, 100
employment policy
29, 33, 36, 38, 39, 49, 51, 79, 92
employment protection
111
employment quality
30, 38, 42, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 104, 105, 106, 108, 112, 114, 117, 119
employment quality assessment
106, 119
employment quality evaluation indicator system
91
employment reform
32, 33, 35
employment relationship
109, 110, 115, 117
employment satisfaction
94
employment scale
31, 35, 76, 82, 105
employment security
30, 43, 45, 93
Employment stability
51
employment structure
30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42
EU Employment Quality Standards
93
European Commission
93
European Foundation
93
European Union
107
evaluation index system
94
evaluation indicator
91
fair competition
48, 98
family contract responsibility system
4
family planning
1, 3, 4, 5, 16, 20
farmers’ associations
84
fatigue driving
100, 102, 103
female college students
12
fertility rate
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 19, 20, 21, 24
field survey
95
financial crisis
37, 49, 68, 80, 81
food crisis
2, 3
free supply system
57, 64
full coverage insurance
100
GDP
31, 42, 66, 68, 69, 71, 75, 76, 83
Gini coefficient
57, 67, 70, 71
Globalization
48, 49, 75, 77, 80
global labor market
107
global trade
48
Government Work Report
13
graduate program
12
Great Leap Forward
63, 65, 66, 75
harmonious labor relations
106, 108, 117
HCI
25, 26
HDI
25
health care
1, 59
heavy industry
32, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 65, 72
hidden unemployment
32, 33
higher education
12, 36, 88
higher labor participation
92
higher quality jobs
29, 51
higher quality urbanization
45
high-income countries
9, 11, 22, 23, 24, 25
high-quality economic growth
81
high-quality employment
92, 105, 118
high-quality work
93
hourly income
114
household registration
14, 15, 35, 36, 39, 47, 50, 77, 83, 85, 86, 87, 98
household registration system
14, 35, 36, 47, 50, 83, 85, 87
human capital
1, 2, 4, 12, 13, 25, 26, 27, 29, 48, 50, 51, 107, 108, 116, 118
Human Capital Index
25–26
human capital investment
4, 12, 51
Human Development Index
25, 55
human resource
29, 51, 99
income disparities
54
income gap
54, 57, 67, 70, 71, 73, 76
income proportion
65, 66
income stability
91, 97, 104
indicator system
91, 93
industrialization
15, 40, 47, 55, 60, 75, 76, 77, 81, 82, 83, 86, 89
industrial revolution
92
industrial structure
16, 29, 50, 55, 93
industry-oriented
55
industry upgrading
51
infant and child mortality
7, 9
injury insurance
43, 115
innovation
13, 31, 38, 46, 48, 100, 105, 108
institutional framework
87, 118
inter-provincial flows
16
invisible unemployment
39
job opportunity
96, 98
job satisfaction
114, 119
job stability
94, 104
labor allocation
16, 75
labor compensation
55, 68, 69
Labor Contract Law
44, 110, 117
labor contract system
33, 34, 35
labor decline
17
labor dispatch
107, 110, 111, 112, 117
labor force participation rate
93
labor-intensive
16, 68
Labor Law
35, 110, 117, 118
labor law protection
110, 118
labor market
1, 17, 18, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 68, 79, 81, 86, 87, 91, 92, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118
labor market flexibility
107, 117, 118
labor market integration
39, 50
labor market reform
34
labor market structure
29, 50, 118
labor market system design
109
labor mobility
36, 39, 50, 79, 80
labor productivity
36, 39, 42, 43, 48, 56, 60, 64, 69, 78, 91, 93, 96, 99, 104
labor relations
94, 106, 107, 108, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118
labor relations mediation
106, 118
labor resource
17, 32
labor resource allocation
32
labor shortage
17, 36, 81
labor supply decline
37
laid-off workers
35, 44, 80
land use policy
88
legal basis
108, 117
Lewis turning point
17, 36
life service industry
88
light industry
54, 56, 65, 72
living standards
42, 55
longevity
21, 22
long-term unemployment
50
low-income countries
14
macroeconomic environment
80
management rules
98
manufacturing industry
41, 47
market demand
29, 47, 51, 88, 97
market economy
6, 14, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38, 39, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 79
market mechanism
54
market-oriented
35, 46, 47, 81, 89
market-oriented reform
35, 46, 47
market vitality
38, 56
maternity insurance
44, 115
medical insurance
43, 104, 115
middle-income countries
9, 11, 14, 25
migrant population
45, 54, 56, 72, 83, 111
migrants
15, 16, 52, 83
migrant workers
17, 35, 37, 44, 45, 46, 50, 69, 70, 78, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87
minimum wages
115
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
79
mobile population
15, 16
mobile population growth
16
mobility
2, 4, 15, 16, 36, 39, 47, 50, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 86
moderately prosperous society
30, 36, 49, 51
mortality rate
2, 3, 7, 9
National Bureau of Statistics
8, 17, 31, 39, 43, 48, 70, 71
national development strategy
36
national economy
41, 63
national income accounting system
71
national labor force
13
national survey
85, 86
natural growth rate
2
negative growth
1, 18, 22, 24, 35, 37
negative population growth
7, 24, 25
neonatal mortality
9
neonatal mortality rate
9
new employment model
91, 92, 94, 95
new era
1, 13, 26, 29, 30, 46, 49, 50, 51, 73
new normal
37, 38
new-type employment
95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105
new-type employment platform
100
new-type employment quality
95
new urbanization
75, 77, 81, 83, 85
non-agricultural employment
33, 82, 83
non-agricultural household registration
85
non-agriculturalization
83, 84
non-agricultural labor
75, 83
non-agricultural population
15, 78
non-agricultural sector
75, 81, 83
non-public sector
56
non-standard employment
106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119
non-standard employment labor relations
108
occupational safety
100
occupational safety protection
100
OECD
70, 107, 109, 111
old-age care
86, 88
old-age dependency ratio
19, 20
old-age insurance
43
out-of-statistics income
70, 71
part-time work
117
peak births
7, 18, 22
peak population births
33
peak queue births
17
Pearl River Delta
16, 47
pension insurance
44, 45, 46, 115
people-oriented
83, 87
per capita gross national income
55
planned economy
31, 32, 46, 47, 57, 63, 64
planned employment system
32
platform-based employment
95, 115
policy adjustments
19
Population Age Structure
7, 88
population concentration
81, 84, 86, 88
population control
4
population decline
20, 24
population density
84, 85
population dependency ratio
3, 8, 18, 19, 20
population development
1, 2, 4
population flow
31, 78
population flow control
78
population growth
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 22, 24, 25
population mobility
16, 76, 78
population movement
16
population peak
7
population projections
1, 27
population risks
2, 27
population urbanization
2, 14, 15, 23, 24, 87
poverty alleviation
51
private business
41, 42, 44, 47, 48, 79
production efficiency
16, 80
production factor
29, 51
productive forces
6
proportional probability sampling method (PPS)
111
proportion of urban employment
34, 36, 37, 38
public ownership
33, 47, 48
public services
83, 85, 86, 89
purchasing power
55, 64
quantitative methods
93
re-distribution
55
re-employment
35, 36, 52
reform and opening-up
2, 3, 4, 9, 14, 15, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 49, 54, 55, 56, 57, 66, 67, 68, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78
registered unemployment rate
33, 39, 40
resource allocation
31, 32, 38, 46, 47
rural cooperative medical system
2
rural development
4, 36, 76, 82, 87, 88
rural elderly migrants
52
rural employment
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 47, 79
rural employment growth
35
rural employment scale
35
rural household registration
35, 85
rural industrialization
75, 77, 81, 83
rural industrial sector
83
rural labor
4, 15, 17, 34, 35, 36, 37, 50, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89
rural labor market
35
rural labor mobility
50, 80
rural labor structure
17
rural labor transfer
35, 75, 77, 78, 82, 83, 85
rural migrant labor
34
rural population
15, 31, 35, 37, 65, 75, 76, 77, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87
rural population density
84
rural population mobility
76
rural private business
79
rural revitalization
75, 76, 77, 81, 82, 83, 89
rural service industry
85, 89
rural service market
85
rural surplus labor
17, 35, 36, 78, 79
rural-urban employment
34
Rural youth labor
37
safety education
102
school-age children
12
secondary industry
40, 41
self-employment
33, 109, 110, 111, 116
semi-supply system
64
service ability
96
service industry
40, 41, 84, 85, 88, 89
service-oriented
55
sharing economy
91, 95, 107, 115
single child
20
skills training
29, 30, 51, 88, 93
social and economic development
1, 2, 4, 5, 84
social-economic development
17
social insurance
43, 44, 45, 97, 109, 114, 115, 119
Social Insurance Law
44
socialist economy
33
socialist market economy
34, 46, 47, 79
social stability
30, 49, 92
social transformation
80
stable employment
29, 31, 38, 51
standard employment
106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 119
standard employment relationship
109
state-owned enterprise restructuring
35, 36, 41, 49
State-Owned Enterprises
34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48, 49, 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 64, 65, 66, 67, 72, 78, 80
steady development
37, 38
structural unemployment
30, 50, 51
supply and demand
18, 68, 86
supply-demand ratio
94
supply system
56, 57, 64
surplus labor
15, 17, 35, 36, 68, 78, 79
surveyed unemployment rate
40
survival level
10, 36
Sustainable employment
49
sustained economic growth
31
system design
109, 118
temporary contract regulation
110
temporary employment
107, 109, 110, 111, 112
ternary economic structure
83
the average life expectancy in
10
the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee
32
Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
4
total fertility rate
3, 5, 6, 21, 24
Total labor productivity
42
total population
1, 3, 7, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 65, 78, 84
total population dependency ratio
19
total productivity
13
Township household registration
85
trade protectionism
49
traditional employment model
99, 104
traditional formal employment
91, 104
traditional informal employment
91, 104
traffic safety
101, 102
transferable labor force
68, 76
Twelfth Five-Year Plan
20, 39
underemployment
33, 50
UNDP
25, 26, 55
UNECE
93
unemployment insurance
39, 115
unemployment rate
33, 35, 39, 40, 96
UNESCO
12
United Nations
2, 3, 6, 7, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25
upward trend
20, 39
urban and rural employment structure
34, 38
urban development
75, 79, 80
urban economy
16, 88
urban employment
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 45, 78, 88
urban employment growth
35
urban employment security
45
Urbanization
2, 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 31, 38, 40, 45, 47, 71, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89
urbanized household registration
85
urban labor market
35, 36, 37, 39, 45, 68
urban public services
85
urban-rural employment structure
31
urban-rural gap
9, 83
urban-rural integration
76
urban-rural segregation
15, 32
urban-rural separation
3
urban stagnation
3
urban unemployment rate
39
wage fund
63, 64
wage point
58, 60
wage ranking system
58
Wage reform
56, 57, 60
wage standards
58, 59, 60, 61, 66
wage system
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 66, 72
workforce
3, 13, 18, 77
Working environment
97, 102, 104
working hours
99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 110, 114, 119
work performance
56, 57
work-point system
66
work satisfaction
104
World Bank
5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25, 49
World Health Organization
12
WTO
36, 48, 68, 80
Yangtze River Delta
16, 47
younger generation labor
13