Index
ʿAyn Jālūt
161, 175, 194 n. 41
Abaqa
196
Abasadzor
200 n. 65
Abasgia, see Abkhazia
Abbasid Caliphate
80, 136, 160–161, 163, 171, 172 n. 65, 173, 175 n. 75, 193, 194 n. 41, 213
Abbasids
172
Abhkazs
7 n. 3, 9, 24, 30, 141
Abkhazia
6, 9, 11, 20
Abkhazia, Kingdom of
9
Abkhazian dynasty
9
Abkhazian princes
9
Abu-Bakr, Emir
23 n. 57
Abu’l Feda
195
Abu Said
182, 219
Achaemenian Empire
8
Achilles Sanctuary
61 n. 1
Adriatic coast
2
Adriatic Sea
149
Adygea
61
Adyghe
61
Aegean Islands
25
Afghanistan
133–134
Aghbugha
203 n. 79
Ahlat
136
Ahmad Sultan. see Tagüder
Akanay
205
Akhlat
143 n. 102
Akner. see Grigor of Akner
Aktyubinsk
34
Al’tyana (Elt’ina) Khatun
202 n. 77
Ala ad-Din Kaï-Qubad Seljuk Sultan
143
al-Achraf, Ayyubid Sultan
143
Alamut
172, 195
Alans
138, 141, 147, 204
Albania
9, 34 n. 2, 67
Albanians
65–66
Alči Tatar
82 n. 33
Aleppo
81 n. 21, 165, 174, 183, 195
Alexander the Great
79
Alexandria
119
Alexiad
44, 49
Alexios I Komnenos
23, 27, 50, 52, 79
Alexios III Angelos
16, 19, 24, 27
Alexios I of Trebizond
28
Alghan
208
al-Makrizi
216
Almaligh
127 n. 21
al-Mustaʿsim bʿillah, Caliph
172–173
al-Qalqashandi
208 n. 108
Altai Mountains
80
altamgha (red seal)
202 n. 77
Amastris
28 n. 75
Ambaqai-qagan
88
Amid. see Diyarbakir
Amu-Darya
174
Anagurak noyon
204
Anatolia. see Asia Minor
Anberd
203
Ancouria
24
anda
87–88, 112, 188
Andrey Bogolyubsky
73
Andrej of Chernigov
186 n. 3
Andronikos Komnenos
26
Ani
6, 8, 14, 21, 27, 141, 144, 159, 193, 203, 221
Ankara
25
Anna Komnene
37, 44, 47 n. 47, 49–50
an-Nasir li-Din-Allah
128
Antioch
27, 32, 174
Apatouron
61 n. 1
Arabic Peninsula
193
Arabs
8–9, 11 n. 14, 47 n. 48
Arasse
140 n. 93
Araxes
144
arban
102–103
Arcadiopolis
24
Ardabil
133
Arghun
165, 167, 186, 197, 205–206
Arghun Aqa
165 n. 40, 167 n. 49, 168, 171, 198 n. 59, 204–205, 218
Arigh Böke
163
Armenia
ix, 1–2, 7–10, 12–14, 24, 64, 67–69, 72, 141, 144, 159, 164, 193, 202, 221
Armenia, Kingdom of
6, 10, 12
Armenian aristocracy
14
Armenians
70, 141
Armenia, Viceroy of
10
Árpád dynasty
47
Arqai-Qasar
101
Arran
170
Artsruni
10–13
Aruestagets
168
As. see Alans
Asen II, John (Ivan)
ii, 26
Ashawan
200
Ashot II
10
Asia
ix, xii, 1, 4, 6, 64, 75, 79, 84, 119, 157, 175, 223–224
Asia Minor
ix, 14, 23, 27, 30, 33, 64, 69, 72, 145, 163, 182
Ašig
103 n. 134
Assassins
171–173, 195
Astrakhan
138
Atabeg
139
Athos, Mount
13, 27
Äträk
69–70, 72
Autokrator
53 n. 80
Avars
141 n. 100
Avesta
197 n. 54
Awag
202 n. 77, 203 n. 79
Awfi
191
Ayas
30
ayil
89, 92–94, 98
Ay-opa
73 n. 41
Ayrarat
14
Ayrivankʾ
203
Ayyubids
142 n. 101, 165
Azat, river
140 n. 93
Azerbaijan
12, 14, 21, 23 n. 57, 33, 71, 136, 139–140, 144, 164–165, 167, 170, 193, 202, 220
Azerbaijani
71
äzhän
87
aznaurni
67
Azov basin
36, 184, 187, 194, 212
Azov Sea
1, 16–17, 19, 28, 32, 36, 46, 61–62, 64, 84, 120, 122, 135, 139, 151, 181
Baarin
92 n. 95
Badai
117 n. 193
Baghdad
80, 128, 136, 142, 155, 160–161, 171–173, 175, 183, 194–195, 198–199, 204, 208
Bagratid
12
Bagratid dynasty
10, 73 n. 41
Bagratids
6, 10–11, 20, 26, 33, 68
Bagrat III of Georgia
6, 68
Bagrat IV of Georgia
23
Bahavi, Ottoman juror and author
40 n. 24
Baidu
197
Baihaq
220
Baiju
145–146, 166, 170, 172, 202–203, 218
Baikal, lake
77, 81
Bakaul
179
Baldwin I of Flanders
19, 32
Balin
21 n. 53
Balkans
16, 23–25, 32, 118, 182
Balkh
131, 133
Balkhash, lake
127 n. 21
Baltic provinces
62
Baltic region
33, 64
Baltic Sea
16, 56, 179 n. 86
Barda
218
Bar Hebraeus
80 n. 21
basileia
18
Basil II
46 n. 42, 62
Basil II, Byzantine Emperor
6
Basqaq
135, 177, 179–180
Batchman
147–148
Batu
144, 147–149, 152, 159–162, 166, 176–177, 179, 181–183, 186, 204–205, 207–208, 215
Batumi
32, 69, 72
Bayburt
14
Baylakan
218
Beijing
124
Beirut
119
beki
116, 154, 190
Bela IV
146–147, 149
Belgean Mountain
105,
see Burqan Qaldun
, 79
Belgütei
93 n. 96
Beloozero
216
Benedict the Pole
38
Berendei
58–59
Berestovo
56
Berke
161 n. 29, 163, 175, 195, 208–209
Besüd
113 n. 175
Bīgār
85
biki. see beki
Bithynia
24
Bjni
200, 203
Black Cumania
70
Black Plague
4
Black Sea
1–2, 6, 8, 16–17, 20, 23, 26–28, 32–34, 36, 47, 54, 61, 79, 118–119, 143–144, 159, 163, 182, 184, 213
Black Sea basin
19
Black Sea coast
1
Blue Horde
83
bogol
94, 97, 114–117
Bohemond of Antioch
174
Bohemond VI
174, 195
Bolgar
215
Boniak
51
Bonyak. see Boniak
Borižigin clan
115 n. 184
Börte
89
Bosporus
16, 19, 47, 64
Buddhism
187, 191–192, 196–197, 205–206, 209
Bug, river
2
Bugha
165, 204
Bughurij
103
bukaul
179
Bukhara
4, 106, 107 n. 160, 125 n. 13, 128–129, 144, 213
Bulgaria, Kingdom of
45
Bulgarians
19, 24, 208 n. 108
Burqan Qaldun
79
Buyur, lake
85 n. 45
Byzantine. see Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
ix, 2, 6–12, 16–19, 23, 25–26, 28, 33, 47, 53, 64–65, 122, 175 n. 75, 179 n. 86, 182, 208 n. 108
Byzantine exarch
9
Byzantine politics
2
Byzantines
46–48, 52
Byzantium. see Byzantine Empire
Caesarea
14, 170, 202
Caffa
28, 30, 157, 181, 183
Cairo
119
Cakheti
24
Caliph
155, 172, 194
Caliphate. see Abbasid Caliphate
Caliphate of Baghdad. see Abbasid Caliphate
Calonero
24
camunoca. see tamgha
Cappadocia
12, 24
Carolingians
110
Carpathians
47, 146
Caspian Caucasia
1
Caspian Sea
1–2, 6, 23, 34, 36, 45, 122, 131, 133, 136 n. 72, 138, 140, 143, 159, 168, 172, 183, 213
Catalans
213
Catholicos
203–204
Caucasia
ix, 1–2, 4, 6, 8, 12–13, 18–19, 26, 36, 45, 80, 104, 112, 135–136, 139–140, 142–143, 145–146, 152, 159–160, 162–165, 167 n. 49, 168, 170, 174–176, 182–184, 187, 193, 195, 200, 202–206, 210 n. 115, 212–214, 217–219, 221–223, 226
Caucasian passes
9
Caucasian steppes
37, 42, 45–46
Caucasus
ix, xii, 1, 2–4, 6, 8–9, 11, 13–14, 20, 24–25, 27, 30, 32, 34 n. 2, 36–37, 47–49, 51–52, 54, 61–62, 64–66, 68–71, 73, 76, 80–81, 84, 118–120, 122, 135, 138–139, 142, 144, 146, 151, 160, 164, 187, 218, 222
Celts
51 n. 71
Central Asia
2, 28, 62, 64, 91, 107 n. 160, 182, 187, 214, 221–224
Central Europe
221
Cerasont
28 n. 75
čerbi
100–101
Chagadai
128, 134, 144, 182
Chagadaids
208
Chagadaid ulus
185
Chagataid party
159
Chalwa
24
Chanet
141
Ch’araberd
205
Chehrkent
128
Chernigov
186 n. 3
Chernye Klobuki
58–59
Cherson
61 n. 2
China
75, 77, 80, 94, 106, 122, 124–125, 127 n. 21, 143, 145, 156–158, 170, 187, 208–210, 222–225
Chinggisids
60, 69, 79, 81, 121
Chinggis Khan
ix, x, 5, 33, 80, 82–85, 88 n. 69, 74, 89, 91, 93–94, 98–99, 101, 103–106, 108 n. 162, 109, 112, 116–117, 119–122, 124–128, 130, 134–135, 143, 147 n. 118, 151, 155, 160, 162, 170, 173, 176, 180, 182, 185, 187–188, 192–193
Chios
25 n. 66
Chong Qing
143
Choniates Niketas
37, 52, 53 n. 79, 108 n. 161
Chormaghun
144–145, 155, 159, 170, 202, 218
Chosroids
10
Chozhdenie za tri morja
210
Christianity
33, 67, 109, 111, 138, 187, 188, 195, 200, 201–202, 205–210
Cilicia
12, 23, 81 n. 21, 144, 166–167, 193, 204–205, 218
Cimmerian Bosporus
46, 61
Circassians
30, 138
Clement IV Pope
196
Clement V Pope
36 n. 9
Colchis
8
Coloman
52
Confucianism
209
Constantine IX
13
Constantine VIII, Porphyrogenitus
vii, 35
Constantinople
4, 16–19, 23, 25, 27–28, 64, 143, 223–224
Cossacks
5
Crimea
16–17, 28, 32, 60, 157, 181–183, 214–215, 223
Croats
19
Cuman. see Qipchaqs
Čürkin
82 n. 33
Cyprus
27
Cythora
28 n. 75
Dabil
218
Dabusiya
129–130
Dadjigs. see Arabs
Daghestan
141 n. 100
Dalan Nemürges
82 n. 33
Damascus
119, 165, 174, 183, 195, 204
Damghan
133
Damietta
136
Danijl of Galich
179
Danube
2, 7, 34, 36, 40, 45, 47, 49, 53 n. 80, 54, 149, 182, 208 n. 108
Darial
9
daruga/darugachi
135, 177, 179
Dasht-i Qipchaq
36, 38, 44
David II
23
David III
20 n. 46
David IV
20 n. 46
David IV of Georgia
20–21, 69–70, 72, 160
David Komnenos
30
David Narin
160, 166, 171
David Soslan
25 n. 65
David Ulu
160, 166, 171
De adventu Tartarorum
105
Degai
100
Delhi
139
Delhi, Sultan of
139
Demetrius I
72–73
Derbend
9, 136, 138, 140, 168, 208, 218
Diyarbakir
144
Djezireh
136
Dnepr
2, 34, 40, 45, 53–56, 139, 146, 213
Dniestr
2, 146
Dobruja
151, 182
Dobun Mergen
112 n. 175
Dodai-čerbi
100
Don
2, 6–7, 34, 40, 46, 56, 59, 70, 139, 213, 223–224
Don basin
216
Donets
40, 70–71
Dristra
49–50
Dukas, Byzantine dynasty
26
Dvin
21, 23 n. 57, 141
East Asia
80, 83, 91, 215, 221
Eastern Europe
ix, 79, 148, 181
Eastern European steppe
59
Eastern Roman Empire. see Byzantine Empire
Edward I of England
196
Egrisi
8
Egypt
118 n. 196, 119, 136, 157, 161, 173–174, 196, 208 n. 105, 216, 219
Eldiguzids
139
Empire of Trebizond. see Trebizond, Empire of
Encyclica contra Tartaros
105
Epirus, Principality of
26
eristavni
68
Erzincan. see Erzindjan
Erzindjan
143, 145, 202
Erzurum
24, 145, 159, 170, 193, 217 n. 10
Estonia, Duchy of
33
Etiil
46
Eurasia
4, 83, 155, 226
Eurasianism
84
Eurasianist movement. see Eurasianism
Europe
x, 1–4, 6, 34, 38 n. 14, 64, 77, 84, 99, 119, 149, 151, 181, 223
Far East
3, 6, 30, 32
Fārāb
42 n. 26
Farsakh
128
Faxium. see Lo Vati
feudalism
44, 95
Finland, Duchy of
33
Fourth Crusade
ix, 2, 16–20, 25, 28, 32–33, 37 n. 13, 53, 64, 79, 122
France
197
Francesco di Balduccio Pegolotti
168 n. 53
Franks
19
Frederick I Barbarossa
23
Frederick II
105
Gaardariki
60
Galatea
24
Galich
148
Gandzak
21, 154, 200
Gandzasar
202
Ganja. see Gandzak
Gardens
61 n. 1
Garni
204
Garni, river
140 n. 93
Garni valley
140
Gaza
174
Geikhatu
197
Genoa
16, 19, 25 n. 66, 30, 32, 64, 118, 175 n. 75, 181, 209, 213, 223
George III of Georgia
20 n. 48, 21,26, 30, 72, 200 n. 65
George IV of Georgia
30, 136, 166, 171
Georgia
ix, 1–2, 6–9, 11–14, 17, 20–21, 23–28, 30, 65–66, 68–70, 72–73, 136, 140–142, 145, 154, 159, 161 n. 29, 164, 167, 170, 193, 202, 213, 218, 221
Georgia, Kingdom of
3, 11, 20–21, 24, 27, 32–33, 65, 68–69, 73, 80, 139, 143, 217
Georgian Church
112
Georgian nobility
10, 12
Georgian society
66–67
Germany
38
Getik
154 n. 7, 203
Ghazan
4, 170, 176, 186, 193, 196–199, 205, 219, 221
Ghaznavids
40 n. 23
Ghazni
133–135
Ghuz. see Oghuz
Giresun. see Cerasont
Gobi Desert
80, 82
Golden Horde. see Ulus Jochi
182, 209, 219
Gorgippie
61 n. 1
Gothia
17
Gran Khanate
162
Great Armenia. see Greater Armenia
Greater Armenia
14, 20, 144, 159, 164, 167, 170, 204, 218
Greater Sea. see Black Sea
Great Khan
162–163, 165
Great Sea. see Black Sea
Great Wall
77, 124
Greece
26
Greeks
28
Grigor Arknerts’i
79 n. 16, 186
Grigor of Akner. see Grigor Arknerts’i
Grigor Xach’enets’i
202, 203 n. 79
Guaramids
10
Güčügür
100
Guristan. see Georgia
170
Guyuk. see Güyük
Güyük
159–161, 165–166, 187, 194, 203–204
gwari
66–67, 114–115
Habigu’s-Siyar
198
Haghartsin
203
Haghbat
203
Hamadan
136, 219–220
Hasan, Prince of Kachetia
205
Hawutsʾ
203
Hayton of Gorichos
36, 79, 196
Helena Argyre
23
Hellenistic culture
61
Henry II Grand Duke of Silesia
148
Henry of Flanders
32
Heraclea
28 n. 75
Heraclius I
8
Herat
219, 221
Hereth
24
Hermonassa
61 n. 1
Herodotus
107 n. 161
Hethum I
144–145, 164, 166, 174, 195
High Tao. see Tayk’
Historia Mongalorum
99–100, 105, 185
Historia Tartarorum
105
History of the Nation of Archers
77
Höelün Khatun
85 n. 45, 88, 113 n. 175
Holy Land
30
Hordu
149
Hülegü
161–163, 170–176, 183, 186–187, 194–196, 203, 206, 208
Hungarian Kingdom. see Hungary
Hungarians
52, 145
Hungary
56, 64, 146, 148–149, 181, 207, 214
Huns
65
Iberia
8–11, 13, 28, 61, 65, 67
Iberians
66
Iberia, Viceroy of
10
Ibn al-Athir
126, 130 n. 43, 138, 141 n. 96, 154
Ibn Battuta
158
Ibn Muhammad al-
157
Iconium. see Konya
30
Iconium Sultanate of
30
Igor of Kiev
54
Igor Svyatoslavich
55 n. 91
Ikhtijar ed-Din Kechki
128
Ilamish Plain, battle of
81
Ilkhanate
4, 28, 75, 118, 156–157, 159, 161–163, 168, 170, 173, 175–176, 182–183, 185, 188, 193, 195, 197, 199, 205–206, 208–210, 213, 217–219, 222, 225
Iltutmish, Sultan of Delhi
139
Imereti
9, 28, 160
Inal-Khan
128
India
2, 198
Inžä
117
Ipat’evskaya Letopis’. see Hypatian Chronicle
Iran
131, 133, 139, 162, 202
Iranians
165
Iraq
133, 141, 217
Irgän
89, 92
Iris, river
30
Irtysh
40, 127, 135
Isaac II Angelos
16, 24, 27
Isauro
24
Isfahan
199
Isfaraʾin
220
Islam
ix, 4, 40, 80, 136, 163, 173, 186, 188, 193–195, 197, 205–206, 208, 210, 218
Islamic Empire
8
Ismaelites
171
Issik-Kul
144
Issyk-Kul
80
Italians
60
Italy
197, 226
Itil
144
Itinerarium
105, 185
Ivane
141, 201
Ivan IV, Tsar
5, iv
Iwane of Akhal-Tzikhé
24
Izjaslav Mstislavich
58, 73
Izz ad-Din
30
Jacobites
195–196
Jaghatai. see Juvain
Jaghun
103
Jalal ud-Din, Khorazm-Shah
21, 124, 133–135, 139–144, 164, 200
Jamal ad-Din
194 n. 40
Jambul
165
Jarčut
114
Jarlygh
180, 182
Jarlyk
152
Jaroslavl’
148, 216
Jarovslavl
179
Jebe
ix, 130–131, 133, 135–136, 138, 145 n. 111
Jerusalem
174
Jerusalem, Kingdom of
174
Jeshil Yrmak
30
Jin dinasty
122
Jin Empire
124
Jochi
121, 128, 144, 149, 159, 176, 180
Jochids
162
Jochid ulus. see Ulus Jochi
Johannis Tzetze. see Tzetze, Johannis
John Kinnamos. see Kinnamos, John
37
John of Wallachia. see Kalojan
John Plano Carpini. see Plano Carpini, John
John Skylitzes
46 n. 42
John Smbat III
12
Judaism
45, 206
Jurchen
122
Jur’ev
56
Jurij Dolgorukij
73 n. 41
Jurij II Vsevolodovich of Suzdal’
148
Justinian I
12, 61
Juvain
133
Juvaini, Ata Malik
75, 85, 102–103, 106, 125–127, 129–131, 135, 143, 154, 176, 185, 189, 217
Juzjani
124 n. 8, 130 n. 43
Kachetia
205
Kachezia
201
Kaï-Khosrau II, Sultan of Rum
ii, 145
Kalets
138
Kalka River
138
Kálmán. see Coloman
Kalojan
59 n. 104
Kan-Sou
80
Karakorum
25 n. 65, 143, 162, 165–166
Karatzas
51
Karin
203
Karkarhn
205
Karkh
172
Kars
14, 21, 141, 144, 159, 193, 203, 221
Kars, Kingdom of
13
Kars, principality of
10
Kartli
8–9, 24, 71, 160
Kartveli people
8
Kāshghar
158
Kashmir
198
Kassi. see Rus’
Kayean
204
Kaykavus II
160
Kay Khusraw I
25
Kazakhstan
34, 77, 127 n. 21, 128, 165
Kebtewuts
101
Ked-Bugha
161, 172, 175, 195
Keler. see Hungarians
Kerait
88
Keraits
92 n. 94, 116, 192
Kerch Strait
61–62, 64–65, 224
Kerchʾarhun
203
Kereyids
206 n. 93
Kerman
141
Kerulen, river
82, 144
keshig
101, 145 n. 111
Khagaria
80
Khan
113
Khazar Empire. see Khazar Kaganate
Khazaria
7
Khazar Khaganate
7, 9, 11, 45, 46, 54
Khazars
19, 45, 46 n. 42, 62
Kheraits
81, 94, 98, 101, 116–117
Kherson
65
Khilat
142, 203
Khitai
76
Khlati. see Ahlat
Khorasan
133, 144, 165, 198 n. 59, 217
Khorazm
64, 80, 107, 124–126, 129, 131, 139, 142, 182, 191, 197 n. 54, 213, 215
Khorazmian empire
140
Khorazm-Shah
73, 81, 124, 127, 142, 199
Khwandamir
198
Khwarezm. see Khorazm
Kiev
34, 56, 58, 59 n. 104, 64, 151, 186 n. 3
Kievan Rus’. see Rus
Kilij Arslan
23–24
Kimäks. see Kimeks
Kimeks
40
Kingdom of Jerusalem. see Jerusalem, Kingdom of
Kiriakos Gandzakets’i
165–168, 189–190, 200–201, 205
Kišlig
117 n. 193
Köbägün
99
Kocho Tsa’
82
Kököčü
113 n. 175
Kölen, lake
85 n. 45
Komania
36
Komanoi. see Qipchaqs
Komnenos
18, 30
Komnenos, Byzantine dynasty
26–27
Konchak
59 n. 104
Konstantin, Armenian Catholicos
204
Konya
143, 170
Korokondame
61 n. 1
Korokondamitis
61 n. 1
kortšin
100
Kotjan
139 n. 83
Kuban plain
61–62
Kuban, river
61–62
Kumani. see Qipchaqs
43
Kun. see Qipchaqs
Kura
144
Kurdistan
145
kuren
89, 91–94
kurigen. see kuren
Kuropalates
20 n. 46
Kur, river
141
Kutaisi
72, 144
Kutan
146
Kyrgyz
76 n. 12
La Copa
65
Lake Meozia. see Azov Sea
Lakz
141
Laskaris Theodore
32
Latin Empire of Constantinople
19, 25, 32, 64
Laz
30
Laz dynasty
8–9
Lazians. see Lazs
Lazica
9, 28 n. 75
Lazica, Kingdom of
8
Lazs
8, 138
Lebunian Hill, battle of
51
Leo II
24
Lesser Armenia. see Cilicia
Liao Annals
79
Liegniz
149
Limon
28 n. 75
Lithuania
214
Livonia
33, 214
Lori
13
Lori, principality
10
Lo Vati
32
Lukomor, Qipchaqs of
40
Lyon, Second Council of
196
Magyars
45, 47, 55
Mahayana-Vajrayana Buddhism
2
Maimun-Diz
172
Malatya
14
Malik Kamil, amir of Mayyafariqin
173 n. 68
Mamasakhlisi
66
Mamikonians
10
Mamikonian tümen. see Sasun
Mamluks
71, 118 n. 196, 119, 161, 173, 175, 183, 195–196, 208, 219
Manuel I Komnenos
16–18, 27, 64
Manzikert, battle of
8, 14, 30, 49
Maragheh
136
Marco Polo
156, 158, 170
Mar Denha, Patriarch
196
Mare Maggiore. see Black Sea
Maritai
87 n. 57
Martha, daughter of Bagrat IV
23
Mashhad
133
Master Roger
146 n. 115
Matracha. see Matrega
7, 64
Matrega
62, 64–65
Matrica. see Matrega
Maurokastron
6
Mayyafariqin
173 n. 68
Mazenderan
171
Mediterranean Africa
217
Mediterranean basin
163, 175
Mediterranean Sea
174–175, 183, 226
Melik al-Ashraf, governor of Ahlat
136
Melitene. see Malatya
Mendicant orders
69
Mengü Temür
209
Meng-wu
79
Meotian civilization
61
Meotide. see Azov Sea
Merkits
81, 88–89, 91 n. 89, 92, 94, 100, 154, 190
Merv
107, 133–134, 144, 221
Mesopotamia
24, 161
Metropolite
180
Michael VII Dukas
23
Michael VIII Palaeologus
196, 208 n. 108
Middle East
23, 33, 119, 161, 163, 173, 194, 205
midsis patroni
68
Mijnashen
200 n. 65
mingghan
101–103, 179
Mingrelia
9
Miriam, Queen of Iberia
23
Mohammad II, Khorazm-Shah
ii, 127, 131, 133
Mologa, river
148
Monastras
52
Mongke. see Möngke
Möngke
148, 159–162, 166–167, 170, 172, 174, 187, 205–206, 218
Mongol conquest
84 n. 39
Mongol empire
ix
Mongol Empire
x, xii, 3, 4, 75, 87, 118, 121, 151, 155, 159, 182
Mongolia
76 n. 12, 77, 80, 83, 100 n. 120, 126, 135
Mongol invasion
124 n. 6, 214
Mongols
ix, x, xii, 1, 2, 21, 33, 35–36, 42, 49, 65, 74, 76 n. 10, 79–86, 88–89, 91 n. 91, 92, 94, 99–100, 102–104, 106–108, 114, 116–118, 121–122, 124, 126–131, 133–136, 138–140, 142, 144–146, 148–149, 151–152, 154–161, 163–165, 167–168, 170–173, 176–177, 180–182, 185–195, 198–207, 209–211, 214–218, 223–226
Mongol Turks
80
Monophysism
193–194
Moravia
207
Moscow
5, 181, 216
Mosul
136, 144–145
Moxoene
10
Moxoene, principality of
13
Mstislavl of Chernigov
125
Mstislav of Chernigov
62
Mstislav of Galich
138–139
Mstislav Romanovich
186 n. 3
Mughan
170
Mughan plain
ix, 160, 164, 170
Muhammad II, Khorazm-Shah
ii, 124, 133–134, 163 n. 34
Muquli
103
Murwan-Kru
9
Naimans
80–81, 94, 98, 101, 108 n. 162, 191–192
Narses, Catholicos
204–205
Nasawi
126, 128, 131 n. 49, 141 n. 96
nasij
155
Nasir-ud-Din Tusi
172 n. 62
Nasir Yusuf, Ayyubid Sultan of Aleppo
173
Nawruz
198
Naya
103
Neijiang
143
Nekün
87 n. 57
Nestorianism
81–82, 174 n. 70, 187 n. 7, 191, 195, 197, 203, 205–206
Nestorians
192
Nicaea
32
Nicaea, Empire of
26, 30, 32, 143, 193
Nicola Maurokatakalon
51
Niketas Choniates. see Choniates Niketas
Nikitin, Afanasij
210 n. 114
Nishapur
131, 133–134, 221
Nogai
163, 181, 209
nököd. see nökör
nökör
97
nomad feudalism
96
nomadic feudalism. see nomad feudalism
North Africa
163
Northern Europe
62
Norway
64
Novgorod’
58, 64, 177, 179, 214
Noyon
90–91, 94, 97 n. 109, 116, 135, 190
nutug. see nutunq
nutunq
87
nutuq. see nutunq
Nxchawan
202
Oboh. see Oboq
Oboq
66, 85–87, 89–90, 94, 97, 112–116, 120, 121 n. 3, 162, 170, 176–177
Ögedei
121, 128, 134–135, 143, 145, 149, 155, 159, 167, 187, 193
Oghuz
7–8, 21, 40
Oïrats
190
Olgovichs
58
Öljeitü
198
Ongu bogol
115
Onon
144
Ordo
85
Ordos
80
Orel
40
Orkhon, river
143
Orkhon valley
77
Orontes, river
23
ortakh
158
ostikan
167–168
Otrar
126, 128–129, 208
Oxus. see Amu Darya
Palestine
18 n. 37, 175, 195
Panbak Mountains
141
Pantikapaion
61 n. 1, 2
Papacy
33
Paphlagonia
24
Parthenion
61 n. 1
Partitio Romaniae
17, 20
Parwan
134
Patrasys
61 n. 1
patronqmoba
68
Patzinaki. see Pechenegs
Patzinaks. see Pechenegs
Pax Mongolica
4, 121–122, 157, 224
Pechenegs
7, 45–47, 49–52, 54, 58, 64
Pegolotti. see Francesco di Balduccio Pegolotti
Perevoloka
55
Persia
28, 32–33, 75, 122, 133, 143–146, 161 n. 28, 162, 193, 222
Persian Gulf
158
Persians
47 n. 48
Pesochev
55
Pest
149
Phanagoreia
61 n. 1
Philip II, King of France
ii, 18, n. 37
Plano Carpini, John
38, 77 n. 15, 99, 102, 105–108, 160, 186, 189, 191, 199, 205
Poland
148–149, 207, 214
Polovcian. see Qipchaqs
Polovcians. see Qipchaqs
Polovcy. see Qipchaqs
Pontic basin
6
Pontic steppes
76
Pontus. see Black Sea
16, 20
Pontus Euxinus. see Black Sea
Poroz’
58
Povest’. see Russian Primary Chronicle
Priluk
55
Prussia
33
Psellus, Michael
47 n. 47
Qabul-qagan
86
Qadagan-Tayzhi
88
Qadag Bagatur
116
Qadan
149
Qadaq
203
Qaldun Burqan
93 n. 96
Qangli
129
Qarachu
94, 113
Qara-Khitai
80, 144
Qara Qorum
143
Qarluc Turks
127 n. 21
Qasar
100
Qayaligh
127
Qazvini, Hamdullah Mustaufi
220
Qifchaq. see Qipchaqs
Qilich Arslan IV, Sultan of Rum
iv, 160
Qipchak. see Qipchaqs
Qipchaq
24
Qipchaqs
21, 35–36, 38–40, 46, 54, 64, 138, 145, 147, 181, 187, 193, 206–207, 209, 214
Qirqiz. see Kyrgyz
qmani
68
Qotlogh-Khan
128
Qoumani. see Qipchaqs
Qubasar
72
qubchur
167–168
qubčur. see qubchur
qubi
98
Qubilai
4, 163, 170, 187, 197
quda
89, 112
Qufchaq. see Qipchaqs
Qulan-Bagatur
117 n. 193
Qupchur. see Qubchur
quriltai
99, 143, 145, 147, 151, 175, 179, 203
Qutlagh Shah
198 n. 59
Qutlu Arslan
72
Qutula-qagan
88
Quyildar
116
Rabban Ata
202–203
Rabban Sauma
197
Rashid ad-Din
87–88, 115, 117, 141 n. 96, 161 n. 29, 173, 185, 205, 219
Rasudan of Georgia
141 n. 95, 144, 160, 165–166
Redbeard. see Frederick I Barbarossa
Richard of England (Lionheart)
18 n. 37
Robert of Clari
37
Roman Empire
6, 8
Roman Nezdiloloich
58
Romanos III Argyros
23
Romanos IV Diogenes
14, 52
Rome
8
Rosia
64
Rostov
138
Rubruck, William of
38, 85, 105, 192, 205
Rudhravar
220
Rukn-ud-Din
172
Rum. see Konya
Rum Sultanate
20, 32–33, 193, 202–203
Rum, Sultanate
24
Rum, Sultan of
23, 175
Rus’
ix, 17, 19, 42, 45–46, 49, 54, 56, 58–60, 62, 72–73, 125, 139, 146–148, 156, 176, 181, 183, 188, 204, 207, 214, 222
Russia
x, 6, 34, 54, 56, 70, 75, 83–84, 104, 122, 138, 177 n. 82, 210, 216, 222
Russian Primary Chronicle
54, 62
Russian princes
206
Russian principalities
43, 55, 148, 159, 177, 179, 180 n. 88, 181–182, 209–210, 214–215
Russians
58, 138
Rustichello da Pisa
159
Sača-Beki
92 n. 95
sagwareulo
66, 114
Saladin
18 n. 37, 142 n. 101, 174
Salah-ad-Din. see Saladin
Salturid
24
Samara
40
Samarkand
81, 107, 129–131, 133, 135, 144, 213, 221
Šams ad-Din, Azerbaijani Atabeg
71
Samsun
28 n. 75
Samuel of Ani
47
Sanahin
203
Sarai
4, 36, 179, 181, 183, 221
Sarai, Bishop of
209 n. 109
Sargis, Bishop
204
Sar-i-Pul
130
Sarir
141
Sarkel
46
Sarmatians
34, 51
Sartaq
186, 204–205, 207
Šarukan
21 n. 53
Sassanids
61–62
Sasun
13, 170
Satyros
61 n. 1
Saʾd al-Dula
206
Scythians
46, 47 n. 48, 49–50
Scyths. see Scythians
Sebastia
202
Secret History of the Mongols
75, 81, 88 n. 70, 89, 91–92, 100 n. 118, 120, 102–103, 112, 114–116, 154, 174, 190, 192
Selenga, river
81
Seljuk
ix, 8
Seljuks
7, 14, 20–21, 23–25, 27, 32, 40, 42 n. 26, 64–65, 70, 72, 107, 125, 139, 143, 145, 164, 166, 193, 199, 208 n. 108
Seljuk Sultan
165
Seljuk Sultanate
69, 79, 144–145, 159, 182
Semnan
133
Serbs
19, 24
Serenissima. see Venice
Sevan Lake
8, 141, 193
Sevastopol
32, 69
shahna
134, 135 n. 66, 136 n. 72
shahnshah
203 n. 79
Shamakhi
218
Shamanism
188, 194–195, 205
She-wei
79
Shig-qutuqu
134
Shiism
198–199
Shiite Theology
199
Shiraz
199
Shiremün
160 n. 21
Shirvan
138–140, 170
Shirvan-Shah
139
Shughnān
158
Siberian Khanate
5
Siberian steppes
80
Sighnaq
42 n. 26, 128
Si-Hia
143
Si-Hia, Kingdom of
80
Sindike
61 n. 1
Sinope
28 n. 75
Sir Darya
128, 135, 139
Sis
81 n. 21
Sit, river
148
Siunik, principality of
10
Sivas
8, 14, 145, 170
Skopje
24
Slengge, river
100
Slovo. see Tale of Igor’s Campaign
Smisso
17
Smolensk
58
Sofia
24
Soldaïa. see Sudak
Solgat
157, 183
Sorqaqtani Beki
206 n. 93
Soviet Union
38
Sozopolis
52
Speri
10
Strabo
65
Stroganov
5
Subcaucasia
162, 217
Sübeʾetei Bagatur
ix, 100, 130–131, 133, 135–136, 138, 147–149
Sudak
16, 138
Sugrov
21 n. 53
Sukhumi
9
Suleyman II
24–25
Sultanate of Iconium
159
Sultan of Bukhara
81
Sung
145, 158, 161
Sung Empire
80, 122
Sunnism
193–194, 198–199
Sunnites
194–195
Suzdal’
148
Svan
141
Svyatopolk II of Kiev
56
Svyatoslav I of Kiev
6, 62
Svyatoslav Vsevolodich
58
Syr-Darya
42 n. 26, 129
Syria
12, 141, 152, 161, 173–175, 195
Syrians
141
Syunik
10, 13
Syuniks
10
Tabriz
ix, 30, 32, 197–198, 202, 221
Tachiks
165
Tacitus
34
Tagüder
186, 196–197
Talas. see Jambul
Talas steppe
135
Talekhan
134
Taman Peninsula
61 n. 1, 62
Tamar
72
Tamar, Georgian Queen
27
Tamar of Georgia
12, 20–21, 26–28, 30, 68, 72–73, 136, 144, 200
tamenga. see Tamgha
Tamerlane
3–5, 105, 182, 220
tamgha
168 n. 53
tamunga. see tamgha
Tana
4, 157, 179 n. 83, 181, 216 n. 7
Tandzut
200
Tangut
122
Tanguts
76, 80
Taoism
209
Taqai
103 n. 134
Taraun
10
Tarkhat
103
Tartars. see Mongols
Tashir
141
Tatars
36, 76, 77 n. 14, 82, 88, 94
Tatar yoke
84
Tatus
49
Tayčiud
113 n. 175
Tayk’
11
Tbilisi
4, 20, 72, 136, 138, 141, 144, 159, 200, 221
Tchu, river
80
Tchu steppes
135
Temüjin. see Chinggis Khan
tenggeri. see tenggri
tenggri
124 n. 9, 194
Terek, river
163
Terme
30
Terunakan
154 n. 8
Teutonic Knights
149, 214
Theodosia. see Caffa
Thermodon, river
30
Thessalonica, Empire of
26
Third Crusade
23
Thracia
47
Tibet
2, 198
Tibetans
76
Tigris
136
Timujin. see Chinggis Khan
Timurid invasions
4, 217
Tirmizm, river
133
Tiwrike
202, 203 n. 79
Tmutarakan
62, 64
Tmutarakan’
46, 62
Töde Mengü
208 n. 108
Toghachar
134
Togha-Timur
219
Toghus Khatun
174 n. 70, 206 n. 93
Togtoga
154
Tolui
129, 133–134, 144, 159–160
Toluids
159
Toqtai
181
Toquchar. see Toghachar
Töregene Khatun
145 n. 111, 160, 165 n. 40, 202 n. 78
Torki
58
Tourgokan
51
Transcaucasia
28, 47, 163
Transoxiana
127–128, 131, 135, 142, 208, 210, 221, 223–224
Transylvanian Alps
47
Trebizond
27–28, 30, 32, 64, 143, 225
Trebizond, Empire of
25–26, 28, 30, 32–33, 80, 125, 143
Tripoli
174
Trubezh
58
Tsikhis
68
Tübegen
117
Tugorkan
56 n. 94
Tulabuqa
181
tuman. see tümen
tümen
91–92, 102–103, 117, 128, 144, 170, 179
Tungusic people
79
Turgokan
51 n. 68
Turkestan
64, 75, 79, 81 n. 24, 118, 124–125, 127–128, 143, 152, 156, 158, 183
Turkey
14
Turkic Empire
62
Turkic nomads
13–14, 21, 46, 54, 64, 69, 71
Turkmen
14, 19
Turkmenistan
131
Turkmen nomads. see Turkic nomads
Turkmens
164
Turks
27 n. 73, 119
Tus
133
Tver’
148, 210 n. 114, 216
Tyari
197
Tyrambe
61 n. 1
Tʾamtʾa
203
Tʾarh
203
Uduid
88
Ugrians
54
Uighur language
80
Uighurs
76, 127 n. 21, 143, 191–192
Ukraine
7, 34
Ulaghchi
208
Ulqui Šilügel
82 n. 33
ulus
86, 98–100, 116, 135
Ulus Jochi
4, 60, 75, 83, 156, 159, 161, 163, 170, 177, 180–182, 206, 209, 211–213, 216–217
Umayyads
9
unagan bogol
108, 115–117
Unčin-Saqaid
92 n. 95
United States
x
Uralic-Caucasian depression
2
Ural, river
34, 45
Urals
34, 40
Urgench
107, 124 n. 6, 131, 134, 213, 221
Urmiyah
14
Uršiʾun, river
85 n. 45
Usun
116
ütegu bogol
115
ütele bogol
115
Uwas
88
Uzbek
206
Uzbek, Atabeg of Azerbaijan
136, 140
Uzbekistan
128
Uzes
7
Vakhang of Georgia
112
Vanakan, Vardapet
79 n. 16, 154, 202, 204
Van khan
116
Van-khan
81, 87–88
Van Lake
14, 143, 145
Varangians
6
Vardapet
154, 202, 204
Variangians
16, 54
Vaspurakan
10, 12, 170
Vaspurakan, Kingdom of
10
Vaspurakan, principality of
11, 14
Venice
16, 19, 32, 118, 175 n. 75, 181, 208 n. 108, 209, 213, 223
Viatka
216
vilayet
170
Vistula
149
Vladimir’
148
Vladimir I of Kiev
54, 62
Vladimir Monomakh
56 n. 94, 58, 71
Vladimir Mstislavich
58
Vladimir Suzdal’
73, 179
Volga
2, 6, 34, 36, 46, 51, 54, 56, 59, 62, 65, 70–71, 147–148, 157, 179, 209, 213, 216, 224
Volga Bulgars
54, 64, 147, 209
Wakhān
158
Wassaf
158
Wenceslaus of Bohemia
149
Western Europe
95, 99–100, 110, 114, 118, 221, 225
William of Rubruck
25 n. 65
Xamshi
202 n. 77
Xenophon
108 n. 161
Xi Xia
122
Xoranashat
204
yams
168 n. 54
Yaroslav I
179
yasa
125
Yeke-Čeren
117 n. 193
Yenissei
76 n. 12, 80
Yesügei Bagatur
87–88
Yovhannes, Bishop
67 n. 23
Yuan
156–158, 209, 224–225
Yuanshi
143 n. 105
Yuri Bogolyubsky
73
Yuri Dolgorukiy
58
Yurij Vsevolodovich, Prince of Vladimir’
179
yurt
87
Zakariah
201
Zakaria Mkhargrdzel, Georgian general
24
Zandana
125 n. 13
zandanichi
125
Zaporozhe, Qipchaqs of
40
Zechariah, Georgian general
27 n. 73
Zhamuka
87–88, 91, 188
Zhand
42 n. 26, 107 n. 160, 128
zhat
89
Zichia
7, 62
Zichia, diocese
62
Zichians
30, 61
Žirgin
116
Žirgin tribe
116