Index
Aachen, Germany
188, 191
Abbasid
187–88, 199, 202, 212
Abd al-Malik, caliph (685–705)
246
Abington Pigotts, England
348
Abul-Abbas
186, 188, 213
Abraham. see Sacrifice of Isaac
A chóemu chríche Cuind chain
302–5
Acre, Israel
262
Addingham, England
135
Adhémar, bishop of Le Puy (d. 1098)
220, 262–63
Adomnán, abbot of Iona (628–704)
44, 92, 303
Adarnase Bagrationi (d. 961)
168, 173
Ælfric, abbot of Eynsham (d. c.1010)
128
Ager Ursulanus
155–57
Agnus Dei
92–93
Aimé Césaire, poet (1913–2008)
321–22, 333
Aistulf, of Lombardy (d. 756)
212
Albert, of Aix, chronicler (fl. 1120s)
254
Aleppo, Syria
173
Alexander the Great
308
Alfred jewel
369, 373; pl. 16.2
al-Fudayn Mafraq, Jordan
192
al-Walid ibn-Yazid (706–44)
197, 210, 210n.75
Alvítr
126
Amay, Liège
197
amber
43–44
Amman, Jordan
190, 194, 196
Anastasis. see Christ / Resurrection
angel
69, 92–4, 110
Angle/ian
121, 123–24, 132–35, 141, 364
Anglo-Norman/s
307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312.
Norman/s
Anglo-Saxon
14, 15, 32, 51, 52, 53n.16, 54, 55, 59, 62, 66, 70, 88–89, 93–95, 121, 128, 186, 188, 269, 321, 354–76
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
350
Anglo-Saxonist
370
Anglo-Scandinavian
123–24, 131, 137–38
Anjar, Lebanon
190, 191, 193, 202
Annals of the Four Masters
312, 314
Annunciation to Shepherds. see Christ
Annunciation to the Virgin. see Christ
Ansa, of Lombardy
202
Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury (r. 1093–1109)
262
Antioch, Turkey
174
antiquities
271, 354–61, 363, 365–67, 371, 373
Aodh Bréifneach, king of Connacht (d. 1350)
311
Aodh Ó Conchobhair, king of Connacht (d. 1309)
310–11
Aonghus Ruadh Ó Dálaigh, poet (d. 1309)
310
Arab/s
162n.1, 163, 173, 174, 179, 187, 188, 189, 191–93, 194, 196, 212, 213, 232
Arabic
222–40
Arca Santa, Oviedo
234–35
archaeology
9, 19, 108–9, 239, 294, 296, 314, 354, 356–61, 364–67, 371, 372, 375
Arechis II, of Lombardy (756–87)
190, 205
Armagh, Ireland
76–78, 81, 83, 95; fig. 4.1
Armenia
173
Arthur, king of Britain
308
Ashdown, England
374
Ashmole, Elias, collector (1617–92)
371
Ashmolean Museum
354–55, 357, 369–75
Asser, bishop of Sherborne (d. c. 909)
104
Augustine, of Canterbury (d. 604)
32, 106
Augustine, of Hippo (354–430)
69, 89, 92
Austria
230
Baghdad, Iraq
212, 213
Bagrat Bagrationi (d. 966)
163–81; pl. 8.1; figs 8.3, 8.4
Baile in Scáil
293–94, 301
Baldwin I, of Jerusalem (1060s-1118)
254
Balis, Syria
197
baptism
32, 33, 127
barbarian/-ic
19, 24, 25, 51–52, 106, 365
Bari, Italy
227
Bernard, Bishop of St David’s (fl. 1115–48)
100, 105–6
Basil II (r. 975–1025)
177, 180
Beadohild
126, 128, 131
Bede, monk (d. 735)
42, 92, 95, 188, 251, 308, 338, 365
Benedict Biscop, abbot of Wearmouth-Jarrow (628–90)
92
Benevento, Italy
190, 199, 205
Beowulf
41, 269, 318–33
Betham, Sir William (1779–1853)
269, 271–90
Bethany, Israel
255, 255n.26, 258
Birka, Sweden
139
Bilad al-Sham (Islamic Syria)
212
Bodleian Library, Oxford
373
book-covers
21, 208
Boyne Valley, Ireland
298
bracteates
14, 373
Brega, Ireland
293, 298, 299, 300, 301, 311
Brescia, Italy
194, 196, 202–5, 212
Brian Bórama (Boru), high king of Ireland (941–1014)
301, 308
Brighthampton, England
370
Britain, British
7, 29, 51–53, 55, 62, 93, 137, 150, 308, 318–19, 320–22, 332, 355, 358, 362, 375
British Archaeological Association
364
British Museum
10, 286, 354–76
brooches
3, 9–12, 14–18, 20, 21, 24, 31, 36, 62, 367; pls 1.1a-b, 3.2, 16.1; figs 1.1a, 1.2, 1.4
book shrines
269, 271, 272–75, 276, 277–80, 283, 284, 287, 289; figs 12.1, 12.2, 12.3
buckles
31; fig. 16.2a
burials
9, 10, 18, 29, 31–32, 43, 44–45, 110, 112, 360, 371, 374
Burke Act (1906)
342, 344
Byrhtnoth, ealdorman of Essex (d. 991)
45
Byzantine/ium
14, 21, 24, 121, 162–63, 165, 167–81, 186–87, 189, 190, 192, 204, 212, 213, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 239, 246, 247, 360–61, 373
Caerleon, Wales
308
Caesarius of Arles (470–542)
44
Cain, son of Adam
322, 332
Caliban
322–23, 325, 332
caliphate
121, 186–213
Calvary. see Golgotha
Canterbury, England
101, 106, 115
Cappadocia, Turkey
173
Carolingia/n
14, 15, 17, 121, 186–213
categorization
367
Caucasian
366–367
Celt/ic
51, 52, 53n.16, 54, 55, 62, 75, 293, 373
Cenel nÉogain (Cenél Eogain)
306, 309
Ceolfrith, abbot of Wearmouth-Jarrow (642–716)
193
Charlemagne, Charles the Great (c.747–814)
16–17, 187, 188, 191, 192, 213
Chelles, France
189
Cherokee
343
Chickasaw
341, 343
Choctaw
343
chrism
33
Christ
7, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 46, 89, 92–94, 127, 163, 171, 172, 178, 229, 244, 251, 254; fig. 8.5
Adoration of the Magi
132, 208, 229
Advent
127
Annunciation to Shepherds
229
Annunciation to the Virgin
168, 208
Arrest
229
Ascension
69, 126–28, 141, 229–30
Bearing the Cross
92, 229
Crucifixion
34, 37, 68, 69–70, 92–93, 172, 229
Descent of the Holy Spirit
230
Entry to Jerusalem
121, 229, 238–40, 251, 253–5, 258, 263, 264
before the High Priest
229
Infancy
229
Journey of the Magi
229, 232–33; pls 10.4, 10.5
Last Judgement
127–28, 141, 250
Last Supper
229, 258
Life of
202
Magi before Herod
229, 232, 235; pl. 10.3
in Majesty
127, 128, 141; fig. 6.3a
Massacre of the Innocents
208, 229
Nativity
229
Passion
34, 37, 92, 170–71, 229, 236, 272
Presentation in the Temple
229
Raising of Lazarus
229, 255, 258
Resurrection
170, 229, 299
Road to Damascus
208
Second Coming
69, 127–28, 135, 141, 251, 256
Visitation
208; fig. 9.5b
Women at the Sepulchre
229
Christ II
126–27
Christ Church, priory, Canterbury
253, 260, 262; figs 11.6, 11.7
Christy, Henry, banker and collector (1810–65)
359
Chronicle of Ireland
77–78, 77n.10
Church
7, 33, 51, 52, 62, 74, 75, 76, 189, 254, 296, 298
churches
190
Sant’Agnese Fuori le Mura, Rome
151, 152
Canterbury Cathedral
121, 258–62; figs 11.6, 11.7.
Christ Church, priory
Christ Saviour, Benevento
190
Christ Saviour, Pavia
190
Germigny des Prés, France
196
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
174
Holy Virgins, Cologne
145, 148–49, 153–55
Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
244n.1, 246, 251n.13, 253, 255, 256–58; fig. 11.5
Llanddewi Brefi
103, 105, 107; fig. 5.2
Madeleine, Vézelay
222
Notre Dame, cathedral, Chartres
262
Notre Dame, Le Puy-en-Velay
121, 220–40, 262–63; pl. 10.1; figs 10.1, 10.2
chapels
229
Notre Dame du Port, Clermont-Ferand
222
Palatine Chapel, Aachen
190–91
St Anastasius, Corteolona
190
St Benedict, Mals
196, 212; fig.9.1c
St Cheron, Chartres
262
St David’s cathedral, Powys
100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 114; fig. 5.1
chapels
101, 18, 109–10, 111–12, 113–14; figs 5.1, 5.3
St-Gilles, Chamalièrs-sur-Loire
228–29
St John the Baptist, Oshki
121, 162–68, 181; figs 8.1, 8.2
St Patrick’s chapel, St David’s
109–11, 113
St Patrick’s (Church of Ireland) Cathedral of St Patrick
78
St Paul’s, Jarrow
92, 193–94
St Peter’s, Monkwearmouth
92, 194; fig. 9.1a
St-Pierre, Blesle
229
Sainte-Croix, Lavoûte-Chilhac
228
San Leone, Leprignano
192
San Pietro a Corte, Salerno
190
San Salvatore, Brescia
194, 196, 199 n.55, 202–5, 212; figs 9.3a, 9.4c–d
San Vincenzo Maggiore, San Vincenzo al Volturno
193, 196, 197, 199, 212; pl. 9.1a, c; fig. 9.2a
San Vitale, Ravenna
59
Santa Costanza, Rome
59; fig. 3.3a
Santa Maria im Kapitol, Cologne
230
Santa Maria in Valle, Cividale
190, 194, 204; fig. 9.4b
Santa Sofia, Benevento
205–8; fig. 9.5a–b
Santiago cathedral, Compostela
234
Tempietto Longobardo. see Santa Maria in Valle
Templum Domini (Church of Our Lady), Jerusalem
254
Church councils, Claremont (1095)
220
Cilicia, Turkey
173, 174
civilization
325n.38, 358, 359, 361, 366, 367, 369, 372, 375
Clann Cholmáin
305
classification
1, 3, 20, 24, 76
Clematius, of Cologne, senator
122, 148, 149, 150, 154, 155, 156
cloisonné
29, 39, 56, 62; pls 2.1, 3.1a
Clones, Ireland
76, 78, 80, 81, 83, 95; fig. 4.1
Cloonfree, Ireland
310, 311
coins
9, 10–12, 14–18, 20, 21, 24, 35, 43, 174, 175–76, 189; pls 1.1d, 2.2; figs 1.1b, 1.2, 1.3,
Cologne, Germany
122, 145–58
colonial/ism
2, 4, 53n.16, 269, 307–14, 318–33, 337–51, 355, 363, 364, 366–67,
collecting
3, 269, 271–90, 354–76
Conaire Mór, high king of Ireland
300–1
Conn Cétchathach, high king of Ireland (r. c.123–57)
293, 301, 302, 305, 309, 310, 314
Connacht, Ireland
303, 305, 310, 311
Conquest (Norman)
338, 346, 347
Constantia, daughter of Constantine I (321–c. 354)
59
Constantine 1, the Great (r. 306–337)
165n.4, 169, 170, 174, 253
Constantine III
24.
Heraclius (612–41)
Constantine VII, Porphyrogenitus (945–51)
169, 175
Constantinople (Turkey)
11, 174, 187, 190, 193
Cook, Captain James, sailor (1728–79)
371
Cormac mac Airt, high king of Ireland
305, 308, 312–14
Cormac úa Cuind, poet
304
Corvey, France
193
Coswig, Saxony
20
Counter-Reformation
311, 312
Creek
343
Croatia
230
crosses
21, 32, 42, 45, 62, 63, 68, 170, 172.
sculpture
high
7, 74, 76, 78, 81–95
Lavra cross
170, 170n.17, 173n.28
of Lothair
21
pectoral/pendant
3, 7, 29–46
sign of.
32, 33, 38, 42, 170
Staffordshire Hoard cross
fig. 2.1
True Cross
170, 171, 172–73, 174, 174n.31, 180, 244, 255
Trumpington cross
29–31; pl. 2.1
Wilton cross
34; pl. 2.2
Crown of Thorns
236
Crusades/ers
220–22, 225, 227, 251, 256, 258, 262
crux gemmata
21, 34, 68
crux usualis
32, 33, 38, 42, 45
Cúán ua Lothcháin, poet (d. 1024)
301–5, 309
Cult of St Ursula and the Holy Virgins
122, 145, 148, 149, 151, 155–56, 158
Cult of the Holy Virgins
145–58
Curtis Act (1898)
342, 344
Cynewulf, poet
38n.40, 45, 126
Cyprus
174
dado
196–97, 199, 212
Damascus, Syria
188, 191
Damasus I, pope (r. 366–84)
151
Danes. see Vikings
Danelaw, Northern
123–24, 137, 138, 140–41
David, Old Testament king
68, 169, 238, 249, 305, 308
Davit Bagrationi (r. 966–1001)
163–81; pl. 8.1; figs 8.3, 8.4, 8.6
Dawes Act (1887)
338, 341–51
Dawes Commission (1893)
342, 343
Dawes Rolls
269, 337–51
Deisis (Deesis)
163, 170, 171, 178–80; fig. 8.3
De Locis Sanctis
92
Deor
128–31, 133, 137, 140
Derry, Ireland
318
Desborough Mirror
55; fig. 3.1
Descent of the Holy Spirit. see Christ
Desiderius, of Lombardy (c.720–86)
202, 212
De Templo
92
Deutz, Germany
156
Deutzer Codex
157–58
Dewisland. see St David’s
dindshenchas, poetry
302–5
Diocletian, emperor (c. 244–311)
151, 172
display
1, 3, 29, 269, 354–76
Domhnall Mór Ó Domhnaill (d. 1241)
309
Domnall, king of Meath (d. 799)
304
Domnall Ua Lochlainn, king of the Cenél Eogain (1048–1121)
306–7
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
245–46, 254.
churches/Templum Domini
Domesday Book
269, 337–51
Domesday Inquest
338, 340–42, 345–47
Domitian (AD 81–96)
12, 16; fig. 1.3
Donnchad, king of Meath (d. 797)
304
doors
224–40, 249, 263–64; pls 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5; fig. 10.3.
sculpture
Dream of the Rood
68n.34
Drogheda, Ireland
312
druids
293, 298–301, 314
Dublin, Ireland
271–72, 275, 279, 281, 283, 286–87, 289–90, 305, 307, 312, 323
Dubhtach, bishop of Armagh (c.450–513)
80
Ducklington, England
370
Dunshaughlin, Ireland
294
Dyfrid of Caerleon, bishop (d. c.600)
106
Dyke Hills, England
370
Eadfrith, bishop of Lindisfarne (d. 721)
52n.7
Early Irish literature
293–314
Easter
299
Edmund Spenser, poet (1552–99)
322
Egbert, archbishop of York (d. 766)
44
Egill
132
Egypt/ian
88, 189, 358, 363–64, 366, 375
Eligius of Noyon (588–660)
44
Elisabeth of Shönau, nun (1129–64)
156–58
England / English
7, 15–16, 29–46, 52, 53n.16, 55, 89, 93, 103, 121, 123–24, 128, 132, 133, 137, 145, 186, 269, 271, 283–84, 286, 307–8, 312–13, 318–27, 330–33, 338, 345–47, 350–51, 354–76.
Anglo-Saxon
epistemology
337, 339–51
Erhard Reuwich, artist (fl. 1480s)
250
Ernoul, chronicler (fl. 1187)
244–45
Eschaton
127–28
ethnography / ethnographic
357, 359, 361, 364, 366–67, 369, 371–372, 374
Étienne de Bourbon (1180–1261)
220–21
Euro-American
338
Euro-Western
339
Evangelists
251
portraits
187; pl. 12.1
symbols
70, 128, 141; fig. 6.3b
Evans, Sir Arthur, archaeologist and curator (1851–1941)
369–75
Evans, Sir John, archaeologist (1823–1908)
371, 374, 375
The Faerie Queene
322
Fairford (graves), England
354, 355, 356, 369–70
fál
293, 304
Farfa, Italy
253
Fatimid
228
Faussett, Bryan, antiquary (1720–76)
354, 356, 357, 359, 362–65, 367, 369
Feast of the True Cross
244
Feast of Tara (Feis Temro)
313
Felix. see Life of Guthlac
Ferdomnach, scribe (d. 846)
281, 302
Fíacc, Bishop of Sléibte
300
Fir Bolg
302
foliate ornament
62, 192, 233, 236; pl. 10.5.
plant-scroll
Foras Feasa ar Érinn
312, 313
Forbes, Henry Ogg, botanist and curator (1851–1932)
366
Frankenstein
320
Frankfurt, Germany
191
Franks, Augustus Wollaston, antiquary and curator (1826–97)
354, 357–61, 364, 371
Franks Casket
132, 136, 138, 141, 360; fig. 16.1
Freya
132
Friesland, Netherlands
15
Frilford, England
370
Fulrad, Abbot of San Denis (710–84)
196
Galloon, Ireland
76, 81, 83, 95; fig. 4.1
garnets
39–40, 56, 62, 66
Gatty, Charles Tindall, antiquary and curator (1851–1928)
359, 364, 365, 366–67, 371
Gauzfredus, craftsman
229
gems
10, 18, 21–24, 34, 41–42, 68, 272; pl. 1.1
Geoffrey of Monmouth, chronicler (d. c. 1155)
308
Georgia
121, 162, 162n.1, 163, 171, 174, 179–81
Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Camrensis), chronicler (c.1146–c.1223)
100–15, 308, 325n.38
Germany
10, 373
Germanic
10, 20, 55, 133
Gildas, chronicler (500–70)
308
Gilla Brighde Mac Con Midhe, poet (c.1210–72)
309
glass, millefiori
56, 66
vessels
20–21
Glencolumbkille, Ireland
114
Glendalough, Irealand
114
Goenpul
344
gold-and-garnet
29, 34, 37, 39–42, 56
Golden Gate, Le Puy
236–8, 262–64; fig. 10.4
Jerusalem
121, 237–38, 244–64; figs 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
Golgotha, Jerusalem
35, 253
Gormgal, abbot of Armagh and Clones (d. 806)
78
Gotland, Sweden
135–37
Great Britain
29
Greece
358
Gregory I, the Great, pope (c.540–604)
34, 115, 126–27
Grendel
269, 319–21, 322, 323–27, 328, 332
Grendel-kin
319, 324, 330
Grendel’s mother
269, 319–21, 327–30, 332–33
Gruffydd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd (r. 1081–1137)
104
Guistillianus
103
Hand of God. see Manus Dei
Haram. see Temple Mount
Harran, Turkey
190
Harun al-Rashid, caliph (766–809)
188
Heaney, Seamus, poet (1939–2013)
269, 318–33
Heavenly Jerusalem
225
Helena, daughter of Constantine I (d. 360)
59
Hellenic
372
Hen Fynyw. see Old Menevia
Henry I, emperor (919–36)
17
Henry II, king of England (1133–89)
307, 308; fig. 13.4
Heraclius, emperor (613–32)
24, 35, 244
Herod Antipas, tetrarch (20BC–AD39)
238
Hiberno-English
318, 319, 321, 332
Hisham, caliph (691–743)
197
Historia regum Brittaniae
308
Historia rerum Anglicarum
325
Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
364, 365
Holy Land
171, 189, 235, 240, 264
Holy Week
258
Hrothgar
322, 327
Huneberc of Heidenheim, nun (fl. 760–780)
188
Hygelac
326
Iago
322
Iberia
221, 225, 226, 228
iconography
3, 7, 9, 10–25, 68–70, 76, 81–95, 123–42, 169–74, 176–82, 229–40
icons
171
identity
3, 31, 42, 45, 75, 163–81, 221, 226–29, 238–40, 354–76
Ilkley, England
133, 135
India
188
Indian
330, 337, 341, 343–44
Indian Reorganization (New Deal) Act (1934)
344
Indigenous North American peoples
337–51
Ingelheim, Germany
191, 192, 193
inscriptions
9–17, 122, 145–58, 163–65, 171–73, 193–94, 224–40, 264, 272, 278; pls 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5; figs 7.1a-b, 7.2a-b, 7.3, 8.3, 8.4, 10.3
interlace
56–57, 59, 62–63, 66, 68, 134, 230, 374
Invicta Roma. see Roma Invicta
IRA
323, 324
Iran
179
Iraq
189, 212n.76
Ireland, Irish
51, 52, 55, 74–95, 103, 107, 108, 110, 114, 137, 271–90, 293–314, 318–34, 355
Isaac. see Sacrifice of.
Islamic
121, 187, 188, 189, 196, 197, 221–40, 246, 247, 249, 253, 263, 264
Italy
21, 70n.43, 121, 186–213, 230
Italian
55, 199, 202, 223, 227, 372
Itinerarium Cambriae
106, 107
Ivo, bishop of Chartres (fl. 1111–15)
262
Jehosaphat, Jerusalem
245, 250, 255, 263
Jerusalem, Israel
103, 121, 188, 220, 225, 232, 233, 235, 236–37, 238, 240, 244–64; fig. 11.4
jewellery
29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41
Jews
251
John I Tzimiskes (r. 969–76)
170, 172, 173, 174, 175–76, 180
John the Baptist
165, 166, 171, 172, 178–81; fig. 8.5
John, Lord of Ireland (1177–85)
307
John of Tynemouth (fl. c.1350)
113
Julian, the Apostate (331/2–63)
59
Jutes/ish
53, 364
Kells, Ireland
302
Kendrick, Thomas Downing (1895–1979)
51–53, 53n.15, 55, 59, 62, 360
Khirbat al-Mafjar, West Bank
190, 194, 196, 197, 212; fig. 9.1d
Khirbat al-Minya, Galilee
190
Kilcolman Castle, Ireland
322, 327
Kilkenny, Ireland
284, 312
kingship
295–314
Kingsley, Charles, writer (1819–75)
324–25
Kingston Down brooch
367; pl. 16.1
Klein Roschaden, Germany
17
knotwork. see interlace
Kufah, Iraq
190
kufic
226, 233, 235, 239, 264; pl. 10.5
Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury (1005×1010–89)
262
Lacnunga
39, 42
Lebor Gabála Érenn
308
Leechbook III
42
Leechbook of Bald
42, 44
Leeds, England
135
Leeds, Edward Thurlow, archaeologist (1877–1955)
371, 375
Leinster, Ireland
305
Leo Phokas, General (fl. 900–909)
171, 173
Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute Loire
220, 221, 225, 234, 239, 263.
churches
Leuven, Netherlands
312
Liber Revelationum Elisabeth de Sacro Exercitu Virginum Coloniensium
156
Life of Alfred
104
Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan
104
Life of St Caradoc
103
Life of St Columba
44
Life of St David
100–15
Life of St Guthlac
41
Life of St John and St Euthymios
174–75
Life of St Patrick
77, 77n.10, 78, 283, 298–301
Life of St Rumwold
112
liturgy
3, 121, 153, 189, 238–40, 244–45, 244n.1, 250–52, 253–55, 258–62
Liutprand, king of Lombardy (712–44)
190, 191n.25, 212
Liverpool Art Club
365, 367
Liverpool Museum/s
354, 355, 362–69, 371
Liverpool Free Public Museum
363
Lóigaire mac Neill, king of Tara (r. 428–58)
298–301, 305, 310, 314
Loki
132
Lombardy/ic
21, 24, 121, 186–87, 190, 193, 194, 196, 197, 199, 202, 204, 205, 208, 212, 213, 305
London, England
273, 277, 279, 280, 286, 289, 355, 363
Long Wittenham, England
370
Louis the German (806×810–76)
191
Louis the Pious (778–840)
14, 16–17, 191
Lubbock, John, banker and archaeologist (1834–1913)
359
Lug, god
293, 302
Lugnasad
302
Luxor, Egypt
199
Mabinogion
111
Máel Sechlainn mac Domnaill (d. 1022)
301–5, 306
Mals, Italy
196, 212
Manchester, England
135
manuscripts
155n.23, 177n.44, 192, 228, 255n.25, 269, 271–90, 314
Book of Armagh (Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 52)
77, 271, 280–83, 285, 289; fig. 12.4
Book of Dimma, Laebhr Dhimma (Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS A.IV. 23)
269, 271, 272–75, 280, 287, 289; pls 12.1, 12.2
Book of Durrow (Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 57)
51, 62, 283; pl. 3.3
Book of Kells (Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 58)
51, 283
Book of Leinster (Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 1339)
306; fig. 13.3
Book of Lismore (Cork, University College Library)
287
Book of Mulling (Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS 60)
272
Book of Uí Mhaine, Leabhar Uí Dhubhagáin (Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS D. ii. 1)
283–84, 287
Cathach, Caah (Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 12 R 33)
269, 271, 272, 275, 276, 277–80, 284, 287
Connell’s Book
284–85, 287
Coronation Gospels (Vienna, Schatzkammer, inv. XII 18)
187
Durham Gospels (Durham, Cathedral Library, MS A.II.17)
69
Exeter Book (Exeter, Cathedral Library, MS 1)
126, 128
London, British Library, Cotton MS Vespasian A.XIV
102, 107, 108n.36
Lindisfarne Gospels (London, British Library, Cotton MS Nero C. IV)
51, 52n.7, 66, 67–69, 70; pl. 3.4
Metz Gospels (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS Lat. 9393)
208
Utrecht Psalter (Utrecht, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 32)
208
Vercelli Book (Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare di Vercelli, MS CXVII)
128
Manus Dei
89, 93, 176
maqsura
191
marbling
194, 196–202, 212
Marchélpot, France
14, 24
maristan of Qalā’ūn, Cairo
230–31
Martyrology of Oengus
78
Martyrology of Tallaght
92
Mason, Henry Joseph Monck, writer (1778–1858)
272, 275, 281
Massacre of the Innocents. see Christ
material agency
9–25
Mayer, Joseph, antiquary (1803–86)
354, 362–69, 371
medallions
9, 10–11, 17–18, 24; fig. 1.5
Meic Lochlainn
305
Melanian
366, 369
memory
33, 37–38, 42–46, 150, 170, 181, 225, 245, 256–258, 264, 294–314
Menevia. see St David’s
Merovingia/n
9, 12, 21n.51, 21n.54, 24, 189, 361
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
12, 14, 21
Míchaeál Ó Cléirigh, chronicler (c.1590–c.1643)
312
mihrab
191
mimesis
7, 33, 37–46
Miosach (Meeshac)
269, 271, 275–277, 280, 287, 289; fig. 12.2
monastery, monastic
52, 75, 100–01, 103, 107, 111, 114, 121, 123, 156, 162–81, 187, 191n.25, 193, 196, 253–54, 258–62, 272, 302, 350
Mongolian
366, 369
Moore, Thomas, botanist and curator (1821–87)
363
Morgan, J.P., banker and collector (1867–1943)
12
mosaics
55, 57, 59, 88, 202; figs 3.2, 3.3, 9.1d
Moses, Old Testament prophet
308
mosques
166n.6, 190, 192, 222, 223, 249
Mount Athos, Greece
170, 174–75, 187
Mount of Olives, Jerusalem
245, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255, 255n.26
Mount Zion, Jerusalem
258
Mschatta, Amman, Jordan
190, 193
Muirchú moccu Machtheni
78, 298–301, 305
Muirchertach Ua Briain, king of Munster (c.1050–1119)
307, 308
Mullach Aite (Hill of Lloyd)
298
Munster, Ireland
301, 303, 305, 322
Murchad, king of Dublin (d.1070)
306
museums
354–76
Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge
29
Museum of Art and History, Geneva
170
Museum of English History
369
Museum of Foreign and National Antiquities, Liverpool
363
Museum of Mankind, London
359
Museum of National Antiquities
369
Museum of Trinity College, Dublin
272
Muslim/s
220–21, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 232, 233, 239–40, 253
Näşir-I Khusraw, writer (fl. 1047)
249
National Museum of Ireland, Dublin
277, 280
nationalism
321, 331, 356, 360, 365–66, 375
Native
338–51
Natural History Museum, London
359
Natural History Museum, Oxford
371
Navan, Ireland
294
Navan Fort (Emain), Ireland
296
Near East
121, 188, 189, 193, 194, 213, 358
Nennius, chronicler (b. 769)
308
Newport, Wales
308
Nicholas of Poggibonsi, friar (fl. 1345–50)
250, 263
Niederbreisig, Germany (brooch)
12, 14; fig. 1.4
Nikephorus II Phokas (r. 963–69)
170, 171n.19, 172, 173–75, 180
Nimrud, Iraq
360
Niðhad
128, 131, 140
Nonnita. see St Non
Norman
100, 105, 108, 110, 227, 307, 308–12, 325n.38, 338, 339, 346–49, 350, 351, 358.
Anglo-Norman
North America
338
Novum Inventorium Sepulchrale
356
O’Donovan, John (1806–61)
314
object biography
1, 10, 19–20
Ocha (Faughan Hill), Ireland
298
Óenach Tailten
301–5, 306
Oklahoma, USA
343
Old English
39, 53 n.16
laws
348
literature
38, 40, 374
poetry
38, 40–42, 43, 44–45, 126–27, 128–31, 133, 137, 318–34
Old Menevia
104–5, 107, 108; fig. 5.2
Old Norse, literature
128–32, 137, 140
Oshki, Georgia
121, 162–81
Otley, England
133, 135
Ottonian
14, 17, 21
Oxford, England
354, 369, 370, 371, 373
Paderborn, Germany
191
pagan
42, 51, 52, 62, 123, 126, 172, 298, 300
Palm Sunday
238–40, 244–45, 251, 253–56, 258–62, 263, 264
Parker, James, antiquary (1832/3–1912)
369
Parker, John, archaeologist (1774?–1850)
369–70
Parousia
68, 69
Passio (I–II)
155
Paul the Deacon, chronicler (d. 799)
190
Penitentials
44
Persia/ns
194, 244, 249
Petrie, George (1790–1866)
314
Pfahlheim, Germany
24
phenomenology
29–46
Pierre III, bishop of Solignac (1145–56)
229, 236
Pierre IV, bishop of Solignac (1169–89?)
229, 236
pins
31, 110
Pippin III, of Francia (714–68)
212
Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford
371
plant-scroll
133–4, 186n.2, 192
Porth Mawr (Whitsands Bay)
109, 110
post-colonial
319–33
prayer
7, 68, 249
Pretty, Edith, landowner (1883–1942)
360
Psalter of Tara
312
Qasr al-Hyr al-Gharbi, Syria
193, 197, 199, 210
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, Syria
190
Qasr al-Walid, Jordan
194; fig. 9.1b
Qasr Shuqayra al Garbiyya, Jordan
202, 212; pl. 9.1d
Qur’an
228
Qusasyr ‘Amra, Jordan
197, 199, 202–4, 210, 212; pl. 9.1b; figs 9.2b, 9.3b, 9.4a, 9.6
qibla
192
Raleigh, Sir Walter, poet (1552–1618)
322
Ralph of Diss, chronicler (c.1120–c.1202)
308
Ramsey Island, Wales
101, 108, 110, 113n.65; fig. 5.1
Ratchis, king of Lombardy (r. 744–749)
212
Rathcroghan (Cruachu), Ireland
296
Raymond d’Aguilers, canon of Le Puy (fl. 1096–99)
220–21
Raymond Saint-Gilles, Count of Toulouse (1041×1042–1105)
221
Reformation
311
relics
100, 103, 105, 112–14, 145–47, 149, 153, 156–57, 171, 174, 189, 202, 276, 279, 290, 372
reliquaries
21, 145n.3, 170–71, 173n.28, 174n.31, 275–76, 275n.23, 277–80.
book shrines
Resafa, Syria
197
rings
21, 24; pl. 1.1c–d
Roach Smith. see Smith
Rolfe, William Henry, collector (1779–1859)
364, 365
Roma Invicta
9, 10–12, 24
Roman
7, 9–25, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 62, 111, 133, 135, 145n.3, 151, 154, 155, 169, 170, 179, 191, 193, 197, 199, 202, 204, 212, 213, 223, 244, 246–47, 260, 305, 308, 338, 359, 360, 361, 367, 369
emperor/s
9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 24, 35, 170, 172, 244, 253
empire
9–25, 59
Romano-British
359, 371
Rome
9–25, 52, 80, 92, 95, 106, 145, 150, 151, 187, 193, 213, 358
imperial
7, 9, 12
personification
9, 10–12, 24; fig. 1.1
Rhygyfarch ap Sulien, bishop of St David’s (1057–99)
100–15
Rhys, Jean, writer (1890–1979)
322, 333
Rogationtide
128
Royal Commission (1850)
354
Sacrifice of Isaac
7, 83–95; pl. 4.1; fig. 4.5
Saint David’s, Wales
100–15; figs 5.1, 5.2
saints
74, 95, 170, 171, 202, 204–5, 272, 294
Agnes (Agnese)
151–52
Athanasios
170, 175
Brigit
303
Columba (Colum Cille)
44, 51, 271, 278, 279, 302
Columbanus
277
David
3, 7, 8, 100–15
George
171
Kevin
114
Michael (Malenios)
175
Non
102, 112, 113
Patrick
77, 78, 102, 107, 111, 283, 285, 297–301, 303, 314
Rumwold
112
Sidoine
88
Tigernach
78, 80–81, 95
Ursula
122, 145, 155
Saladin, sultan (1137–93)
235, 245
Salerno, Italy
190, 193, 199
Samhain
313
Samson of Dol (d. 565)
106
Sanctus, Welsh king
102
San Vincenzo al Volturno, Italy
193, 196, 197, 199, 212; pl. 9.1a, c; fig. 9.2a
Saxon/s
52, 62, 103, 305, 358, 364, 373
Scandinavia/n
121, 123–24, 128, 132–33, 135–41, 373
Scotland
53n.16, 80, 88n.29, 89, 355
sculpture
69–70, 74–76, 78, 79–95, 121, 123–43, 162–81
Arboe, cross
93n.45, 94n.49
Ardre, picture-stone (VIII)
135–140; fig. 6.5
Armagh, cross
78, 81–83, 88–95; pl. 4.1a; fig. 4.2
Bradbourne, cross
69–70
Camus, cross
93n.45
Castledermot, cross
93n.45
Clematius, inscription
122, 145–58; figs 7.1, 7.3
Clones, cross
81, 88–95; pl. 4.1b; fig. 4.2
Collingham, crosses
133
Damasus, inscription
151, 152; fig. 7.2
Donaghmore, cross (Tyrone)
93n.45, 94
Durrow, cross
93
Galloon, crosses (East and West)
88–95; pl. 4.1c–d; fig. 4.4
Graiguenamanagh, cross
93n.45, 94n.49
Ilkley, crosses
127, 128, 133–34, 141; figs 6.3a–b, 6.4
Kells, crosses
93n.45
Killary, cross
93n.45, 94
Leeds, cross
124–42; figs 6.1, 6.2
Le Puy, Infancy doors
224–40; pls 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5
Passion doors
229–30, 236; fig. 10.3
Monasterboice, Tall cross
93n.45
Moone. cross
93n.45, 94
Newent. cross
88n.29, 89n.31; fig. 4.5b
Oshki, Deisis (donor portraits)
163, 170, 171, 178; fig. 8.3
stelae
166–69, 172–73, 176–81; figs 8.4, 8.5, 8.6
Otley, crosses
133
Reculver, column fragment
88n.29; fig. 4.5d
Sandbach, cross (North)
70
tituli, Cologne
122, 155–57, 158
tituli, Le Puy
229, 232
Wirksworth, sarcophagus cover
70
The Seafarer
41
Seán Mac William Burke, lord of Mayo (d. 1580)
311
Seminole
343
Seneca
344
Sens, France
189
Sermo in Natali
149–50, 153, 155, 158
Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)
322, 325
Shelley, Mary, writer (1797–1851)
320
Shield Sheafson
327, 329n.51,
Shropham, Norfolk
15, 16
signum crucis
32
Sicily
225, 227, 228
Skåne, Sweden
140
Smith, Charles Roach, antiquarian and archaeologist (1807–90)
354, 355, 356, 358, 359, 362, 363, 371
Sol Invictus
14
Solomon, Old Testament king
238, 249, 263, 305, 308
sovereignty
301, 305–307, 309, 311–312, 339–51
Standlake, England
370
stucco
55, 192, 194–96, 202, 210, 212; fig 9.1c
style
29, 45, 51–66, 123–24, 133–35, 135–41, 162–69, 186–223, 229, 237–40
Suleiman, sultan (1494–1566)
247, 250
Sulien, bishop of St David’s (d. 1090/91)
103, 104
Sutton Hoo, England
360–62
buckle
fig. 16.2a
sceptre
fig. 16.2b
shoulder clasps
56–57, 66; pl. 3.1
Syria
171n.19, 174, 188
Tadhg Dall ÓhUiginn, poet (d. 1591)
311
Tailtiu, goddess
302, 303, 306
Taplow (burial), England
360
Tara (Teamhair), Ireland
3, 269, 293–314; pl. 13.1, 13.2; figs 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
Tarsus, Turkey
174, 174n.31
Tartus, Syria
188
Teagosc na Rígh
312
Teltown (Tailtiu), Ireland
298, 302, 303, 305–306, 309, 310
Temple, of Jerusalem
251, 253, 263
Temple Mount (Haram), Jerusalem
246, 253, 254
Teutonic
53, 373
textiles
136, 138, 145n.3, 189, 226, 227, 228, 239
Thames Valley
370
Theodora, empress (wife of Tzimiskes b. c.946)
175
Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury (602–90)
32
Theodulf, bishop of Orléans (750–821)
196
Thiodericus, custos of Deutz (d. c.1164)
156–57
Tírechán, bishop
76, 78, 283, 298
Tissø, Denmark
139
tituli. see sculpture
Tlachtga (Hill of Ward), Ireland
298
Togail Bruidru Da Derga
301
Topographia Hibernica
106
Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht (1106–56)
306
Tornikos, John, patrikios (d. 985)
174–75
Tradescant, John (the Younger), collector (1608–1662)
371, 372
transformation
9–25, 45, 246
transition
32, 45, 133–42
translation
1–4, 9–25, 29–46, 51–70, 83–95, 100–15, 176, 227–40, 269, 280, 293–312, 318–34
transmission
1–4, 7, 83–95, 100, 108–15, 121–22, 123–42, 145–58, 162–81, 186–213, 293–314, 318–34, 337–51
Trewhiddle Hoard
360
Tylor, Edward, anthropologist (1832–1917)
359
Þiðrekssaga af Bern
128, 131–32, 137, 140
Uí Briain
305
Uí Chennselaig
305
Uí Chonchobair
305
Ua Máel Sechlainn (d. 1127)
306
Uí Néills
293–94, 301, 309
Uisneach (Hill of), Ireland
296
Ukhaydir, Iraq
190
Ulster, Ireland
76, 305
Ulster King of Arms
271, 281, 284, 286, 289
Umayyad
187, 190, 191n.24, 192, 193–94, 196–97, 199, 202, 204, 208, 210n.75, 212, 213, 246
United States, of America
338, 342, 343, 344, 346, 347, 348
Uppåkra, Sweden
138, 140
Uppåkra mount
138–40; pl. 6.1
Urban II, pope (1120–87)
220
Vallis Rosina
103, 105, 106, 107. 108
Viking/s
103, 239, 322
vine-scroll. see plant-scroll
Virgin Mary
165, 169, 170, 171, 174, 175, 176, 178, 180, 208; fig. 8.4
and Child
166, 172–73, 186n.2; fig. 8.4
Mother of God
170, 172n.26, 174
veil
226
Visitation. see Christ
Vetus Rubus. See Vallis Rosina
Völundarkviða
128, 131, 137, 140
Wales
100–15, 355
Wayland’s Smithy, England
375
Weland, the Smith
121, 126–28, 128–33, 374; figs 6.1b
Wells, H.G., writer (1866–1946)
320, 322
West Africa
364
Wheatley, England
370, 375
Whithorn, Scotland
80
Wiesbaden-Dotzheim, Germany
10, 11
Willibald, bishop of Eichstätt (700–787)
188
William I, of England (c.1028–87)
339, 348, 349, 350
William of Newburgh, chronicler (1136–98)
325
Windsor pommel
373, 374; fig. 16.3
World Museum/s
354–76
Liverpool
363
Wright, Thomas, antiquarian (1810–77)
364
Wylie, William, antiquary (d. 1887)
354, 356, 369
Yelford, England
370
York, England
101, 135
Zaccharias, Annunciation to
205–8; fig. 9.5a