Figures
1.1 Philippe Starck, Juicy Salif, 1990 (Photo by Jonas Forth, 2013) 18
1.2 Some of Kamprani’s uncomfortable objects (Photo by Simon Berry, Bad Design) 20
1.3 Eighteenth-century style octant (W.H. Hall (ed.), The New Royal Encyclopaedia, London, 1791) 22
1.4 Sextant and its use in a twentieth-century diagram (C. Fisher, J.H. Gerould and J.P. Poole, The Marvels and Mysteries of Science, New York, 1941) 22
1.5 Sextant and its use in a late nineteenth-century depiction (A. Guillemin, El mundo físico, Barcelona, 1883) 23
1.6 Equatorial telescope at Greenwich (Leisure Hour 525, 1862) 25
1.7 Zenith telescope in the field (Canada Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys / Library and Archives Canada) 26
1.8 Spinthariscope illustrations (Scientific American 91 (1904); Dundee Evening Post, 1903, © The British Library Board, used with permission via the British Newspaper Archive; H. Geiger and E. Marsden, “On a Diffuse Reflection of the
2.1 A. Giatti is ready to show Chladni’s figures while A. Chiavacci is filming 35
2.2 An engraving illustrating how to blow up a metallic wire with electricity (A. Guillemin, Les phénomènes de la physique, Paris, 1868) 40
2.3 P. Brenni is about to explode a metallic wire 41
2.4 P. Brenni and A. Giatti prepare Duboscq’s lantern with the arc light and the dissolving view apparatus 43
2.5 P. Brenni and R. Wittje experimenting with an electric arc 44
2.6 A nineteenth-century engraving illustrating how to use a spectroscope (A. Guillemin, Les phénomènes de la physique, Paris, 1868) 45
2.7 P. Brenni using a nineteenth-century spectroscope 46
2.8 A frame of the video dedicated to the Faraday effect 49
3.1 Craniometer or, according to the Baltic-German anatomist E. Landau,
a cephalograph (University of Tartu Museum; Photo by Mart Küng) 55
3.2 L. Ombrédanne’s anaesthesia mask by Mathieu & Gentile Collin and H. Windler (University of Tartu Museum; Photo by Gert Klaasen) 56
4.1 Air pump by J. van Musschenbroek, Leyden, 1698 (University Museum Groningen; Photo by S.L. Ackermann) 66
4.2 Excerpt from Series Lectionum 1697 (Special Collections University Library Groningen) 67
4.3 The brachistochrone (W.J.’s Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica…, Leiden, 1742) 71
4.4 Universal kymograph (E. Zimmermann, Wissenschaftlische Apparate: Liste 50, Leipzig, 1928; University Museum Groningen) 74
4.5 Electric motor by Stratingh and Becker, 1835, and its replica (University Museum Groningen and private collection; Photo by S.L. Ackermann) 76
4.6 Ranschburg apparatus for testing perception (E. Zimmermann, Wissenschaftlische Apparate: Liste 50, Leipzig, 1928; University Museum Groningen) 78
4.7 Ribokov Cage, unknown maker, third quarter of twentieth century (Collections Archief en Documentatiecentrum Nederlandse Gedragswetenschappen – ADNG; Photo by S.L. Ackermann) 80
4.8 Vacuum pump, E. Leybold’s Nachfolger Cöln-Rhein, 1905 (University Museum Groningen; Photo by S.L. Ackermann) 81
4.9 Experiment for testing memory and perception (Photo by the Photographic Services Department of the University of Groningen) 82
5.1 Internship students N. Rozé and J. Thouin operate a double Helmholtz siren; University of Rennes 1, 2005 86
5.2 The QUESACO project with Koenig’s sound analyser; University of Rennes 1, 2017 92
5.3 W. Tobin and A. Faisant reconstruct the experiment of the Foucault pendulum, Rennes 93
5.4 Pupils and teachers in the instruments gallery; University of Rennes 1, 2014 96
5.5 When pupils are experimenting! Rennes, 2019 96
5.6 One poster of public demonstrations: Journée Européenne des Collections Universitaires; University of Rennes 1, 2014 98
5.7 The experiment of P. and M. Curie reconstructed with quartz; University of Rennes 1, 2015 100
5.8 Exhibition of instruments from chemical laboratories at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, 2019 101
6.1 The Maraslean Teaching Center around 1930 (Photo by Petros Poulidis ERT-Archives) 107
6.2 Experiments with hydrostatic balances in the Maraslean Teaching Center (Yiorgos Palaiologos, The institution of pedagogical academies …, 1939) 107
6.3 A team of students study a Müller apparatus (Photo by P. Lazos) 110
6.4 The Wimshurst machine after the repair (Photo by P. Lazos) 112
6.5 The three pendulums after the repair (Photo by P. Lazos) 113
6.6 The instruments in the laboratory (Photo by P. Lazos) 114
6.7 A team of students trying to conceptualise how the acoustic siren works (Photo by P. Lazos) 116
6.8 Students studying the mercury fine shower apparatus (Photo by P. Lazos) 117
7.1 Example from the Encyclopédie des instruments de l’enseignement de la Physique…: instrument to demonstrate the properties of the cycloid 124
7.2 Demonstration of physics at the Lycée Hoche of Versailles, postcard, beginning of the twentieth century (Encyclopédie des instruments de l’enseignement de la Physique…, ASEISTE, 2016) 125
7.3 Baroscope from the secondary school Collège du Château at Morlaix (Photo J.-Y. Blaise) 127
7.4 Physics cabinet at the Lycée Hoche of Versailles, postcard, beginning of the twentieth century (Encyclopédie des instruments de l’enseignement de la Physique…, ASEISTE, 2016) 129
7.5 The Archimedes screw from the Lycée Hoche of Versailles (Photo J. Millet) 131
7.6 Poster of the exhibition Histoires de l’eau, Musée du Lycée Hoche, Versailles, September 2019–December 2020 132
7.7 Master students from University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 restoring a Zénobe Gramme machine 134
7.8 Master students from University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) presenting restored physics instruments 135
8.1 Anorthoscope disk of Plateau (Courtesy Ghent University Museum) 144
8.2 Slide explaining the functioning of the anorthoscope of Plateau (Courtesy Ghent University Museum) 145
8.3 One-page leaflet on the bioscope, printed by Duboscq, Paris, 1853
(Courtesy Ghent University Museum) 147
8.4 Disc of Duboscq (Courtesy Ghent University Museum) 148
8.5 Replica of bioscope of Duboscq (Courtesy Ghent University Museum) 149
8.6 Bench of Melloni for infrared research (Courtesy Ghent University Museum) 151
8.7 One of the three objects prepared by L. Baekeland for F. Swarts (Courtesy Ghent University Museum) 153
8.8 The original van Leeuwenhoek microscope from the collection “Stad Antwerpen” (Courtesy Ghent University Museum) 155
9.1 Students explore an astrolabe replica; disassemble a vacuum tube housing; examine the Sperry revolving mirror and catch its reflections on paper 162
9.2 Microscope gallery visit at the MIT Museum; and blow-piping with Bunsen burner 164
9.3 Three microscope drawings by G. Antunes, S. Kiley and L. Rodriguez, 2007 165
9.4 Students visit the MIT Museum’s off-site storage 168
9.5 Students visit the MIT Museum’s off-site storage 170
9.6 Sighting and calculating with a laser-cut Galileo compass 172
9.7 Galileo’s geometrical and military compass, Padua, c. 1604 (Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments, Cambridge, MA, inv. no. DW0950) compared with laser-cut model 173
9.8 F. Liuni’s section architectural drawing of her astrolabe museum
(F. Liuni, Experiencing Mathematical Proves …, Master Thesis, Cambridge, MA, 2016) 176
9.9 F. Liuni explains her exhibit, Syntax of an Astrolabe, Foyer Gallery, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 2017 177
9.10 Laser-cut astrolabe in class; Gary Stilwell’s stereographic projections corresponding to astrolabe plates for Mercury and Venus 178
10.1 Athens Science Festival 2016. Re-enactment of a Royal Society meeting and the Magdeburg experiment 183
10.2 Experiments on falling objects and scheme of a switch to check the fall in
the air 192
10.3 Tools for replicating Berti’s experiment and original sketches of the
experiment (E. Maignan, Cursus Philosophicus, Toulouse, 1653; R. Magiotti, “Letter to Mersenne”, 1648) 193
10.4 Large surface conductors and Leyden jars to strengthen the Wimshurst machine spark 196
10.5 Electromagnetism. Writing with electricity; Adding a magnetic needle to illustrate the voltage change; and Lissajous curves with a Braun tube 197
10.6 Science theatre, 2015, and lecture demonstrations at the Athens University History Museum, 2014–2015 200
10.7 The escape-room project. Students interpret J. Tyndall and Lord Rayleigh; Visitors explore the navigation process at the Athens Science Festival 2016 202
10.8 A view of the Flying Machine section at the Deutsches Museum, Munich (2017) 204
10.9 Front cover of a notebook from Dachau (courtesy of Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem) 205
11.1 The Cabinet of Curiosity of Brest (Photo by M. Danaux, UBO) 210
11.2 Mathematical instruments of the Institute for Research in the Teaching of Mathematics 210
11.3 Posters of the exhibitions loaned by the Musée des arts et métiers and the Science in the Seine and Heritage Association, or produced by IREM 211
11.4 Examples of works in the Cabinet of Curiosity 212
11.5 Different steps of the building processes in the Cabinet of Curiosity 216
11.6 The “parabolograph” and Perks’ machine 220
11.7 Realisation of a “parabolograph” 221
11.8 The exponential machine 222
12.1 Three electrical ‘toys’: electrical boxer, electric hailstorm and electrical huntsman (© Europa-Universität Flensburg) 228
12.2 Two electrostatic generators (© Europa-Universität Flensburg) 229
12.3 Plate with electrically charged person attracting light objects (J.T. Desaguliers, De Natuurkunde Uit Ondervindingen, Amsterdam, 1751; Reproduced with permission of the Landesbibliothek Oldenburg) 231
12.4 Electrically charged person attracting light objects (Photo by C. Anrich, Phänomenta Flensburg) 232
12.5 Boxplot for the evaluation of the electrical Salon 235
12.6 Boxplot for analysis of visitors’ satisfaction 235
12.7 Two cameras obscura used in Projekt Galilei (© Europa-Universität Flensburg) 238
12.8 Teacher working on an astatic galvanometer (Photo by M. Engel, Europa-Universität Flensburg 239
13.1 The large electrostatic generator (M. van Marum, Beschryving eener ongemeen groote Elektrizeer-Machine…, Haarlem, 1785) 245
13.2 The 1885 instrument room with van Marum’s large electrostatic generator (Photo Teylers Museum) 246
13.3 The Lorentz Lab (Photo Teylers Museum) 249
13.4 The working replica of van Marum’s machine (Photo Teylers Museum) 251
13.5 Working replicas of Spiral by Riess; Ritchie motor; Faraday’s ring; and Clarke dynamo (Photos A. Stoelwinder) 254
13.6 Working replicas of Sine galvanometer; Ampère’s Law Instrument; Oersted demonstration instrument; and Voltaic pile (Photos Anton Stoelwinder) 255
13.7 Barlow’s wheel replica, using Galinstan in the trough (Photo Teylers Museum) 256
13.8 School group experimenting at the Lorentz Lab (Photo Teylers Museum) 258
14.1 Replica of the hemispheres of Magdeburg presented outside of the Museum, Geneva, 2010 (© Musée d’histoire des sciences de Genève) 264
14.2 First page of a re-edition of Galileo’s Discourses published in Bologna in 1655 (© Musée d’histoire des sciences de Genève) 265
14.3 The inclined plane of the Museum (© Musée d’histoire des sciences de Genève) 270
14.4 Detail of a bell installed on the inclined plane (© Musée d’histoire des sciences de Genève) 271
14.5 Demonstration of the accelerated movement of the balls rolling along the inclined plane (© Musée d’histoire des sciences de Genève) 272
14.6 The volunteer experimenter concentrates on releasing the ball at the beat of the electronic metronome (© Musée d’histoire des sciences de Genève) 274
14.7 Demonstration of the law of the pendulum (© Musée d’histoire des sciences de Genève) 276
14.8 Demonstration of falling bodies in vacuum with the Newton tube (© Musée d’histoire des sciences de Genève) 277
Table
8.1 Bachelor projects realised in the University of Ghent (UGhent) Museum 142