Index
Page numbers in italics refer to figures.
A&H Journal. see Ann and Hope Journal
Abeel, David
288
Abel Yen / Xaverius (Yen Pen / Pwoin Ming, Yan Benming 嚴本明 )
and Carter
10, 28–29, 45, 64, 65, 107, 176, 183–186, 195–202, 324, 400
and Manning
186–188, 190, 192, 397
and Morrison
28, 29, 179–184
and Staunton
28, 180, 182–184, 187, 202, 220
as a copyist and bookseller
82, 184–190, 195, 345
as a language instructor
20, 65, 107, 160, 161, 173, 178, 182, 184, 187, 190, 192, 193, 195, 198, 220, 345, 346, 397
as a translator
22, 23, 161, 193–195, 197, 202–204, 210–216, 240, 341, 398
Chinese proficiency of
28, 176, 180
education of
74, 178, 180, 184, 204
Latin proficiency of
43, 107, 176, 180, 187, 400
names of
7, 64, 179, 188, 193
personal background of
176, 181, 184, 188, 192, 193, 215, 241, 390, 391
Abel-Rémusat, Jean-Pierre
and BBMS
24, 254–257, 260
and Marshman
254–257
as part of Carter’s academic network
23, 24, 31, 223, 250–259, 275–279, 283, 284, 348, 349
Chinese literary styles, his understanding of
272, 273
“God,” his opinions on translation of
24, 259–262, 269, 271, 342.
term question
life and career of
23, 24, 194, 252, 253, 276, 278, 279
sinological writings (including letters) of
25, 245, 249, 251, 252, 254, 257–261, 269, 271–273
Klaproth, Julius Heinrich; sinology
Adoniram, Judson Jr.
286
Africa
296
Alexander, William
60n61
alien culture
159, 196.
self and others
Aluohe 阿羅訶
270
AMB (Annmary Brown Library)
251, 337, 396
American Antiquarian Society
276n122
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
8, 302, 312
American navy
50
American Oriental Society
8, 278, 322
American Statistical Association
338
Americans
character of
70, 235, 295, 311, 392
curiosity about Chinese knowledge among
16, 27, 62, 172, 173, 297–301
image/perception of China among
2, 4, 6, 291–293, 301
in Canton
28, 155, 293, 311
Amsterdam
43, 46
Anderson, Aeneas
55, 58, 60
Anglo-American circle/community in Canton
9, 76, 162, 169
Anglo-American relations
6, 9, 12, 17, 18, 30, 161, 196–198, 215, 217–220, 232, 299
Anglo-Chinese College (Malacca)
93n39, 173, 239
Anglophone students of Chinese
10, 29, 30, 169, 171, 179, 187, 195, 345, 346.
Ball, Samuel; Carter, Benjamin Bowen; Bridgman, Elijah Coleman; Davis, John Francis; Elphinstone, John F.; Hunter, William C.; Manning, Thomas; Marshman, Joshua; Morrison, Robert; Parker, Peter; Pearson, Alexander; Staunton, George Thomas; Williams, Samuel Wells
Ann and Hope (US ship)
14, 32, 36, 39, 41, 43, 395, 396
Ann and Hope Journal
39, 41, 55, 59, 62, 337
Aomen 澳門 (Macao, Macau). see Macao
Aristotle
331
Asia
11, 13, 14, 280, 295, 324, 329
Asia (US ship)
32, 44, 395, 396
Asian studies
7, 322, 336
Asian/Asiatic languages
9, 253, 321
Asiatic Journal (Britain)
259
Astor, John Jacob
224, 225
Ball, Samuel
187–190, 220
Banks, Joseph
354
Baptists
5, 49, 50, 54, 192, 223, 251, 255, 273n115, 278, 283, 285–287, 289.
British Baptist Missionary Society
barbarians
148, 163, 164, 193, 206, 296, 297, 318, 333
Barnes, Daniel H.
50, 287
Barrow, John
98, 99n45, 114–116, 159, 242, 243, 246, 248, 257
Basset, Jean 白日昇
243n40, 260
Batavia (Jakarta)
43, 50, 62, 373
Bayer, Theophilus S.
273, 274
“Bayi” 八佾
268.
Lunyu
BBMS. see British Baptist Missionary Society
Beale, Thomas
166
Benson, George
37
Bible
28, 48, 270, 286
God; Septuagint; term question
Bridgman and Culbertson Version
301, 309
Chinese version/translation of
66, 192, 193, 254, 255n74, 260, 270
Delegates’ Version
309
New Testament
48, 256, 257, 260, 264
Old Testament
181, 256
Biddle, George W.
46
bingwen 稟文
161.
1805 remonstrance; petition
Blanc, Philiber le 卜于善 /李斐理
80
BnF (Bibliothèque nationale de France)
110n54, 112, 194
Bohea
39, 376, 377
Botany Bay
39–41, 348
Bridgman, Elijah Coleman 裨治文
life and career of
3, 7, 8, 31, 260, 288, 301, 302, 313, 314, 347
opinions on the Chinese language
302, 303, 307, 308, 310
opinions on the term question
260, 309
studies Chinese
3, 6, 71, 290, 301–304, 311, 334
Britain
6, 130, 161, 218, 220, 221, 250, 296, 311.
Hongmaoguo 紅毛國 ; Yingjili 𠸄咭唎
British and Foreign Bible Society
254, 256n77
British Baptist Missionary Society
24, 254–257, 259, 270n115
British culture
236, 351, 352
British East India Company (Yingguo DongYindu gongsi 英國東印度公司 )
19, 21, 28, 38, 71, 161–163, 165–167, 170,
175, 186–191, 215, 218, 237, 238, 241, 302,
340, 345, 347, 397, 398
British merchants
162, 241.
see British East India Company
British Museum
30, 134, 242, 243
British navy
30, 170, 200, 214, 215, 218, 241, 311.
ships
Brollo, Basil (Basilio Brollo de Gemona) 葉尊孝 /葉宗賢
15, 75, 76, 82, 116.
H-t-s-y
Brown & Francis
171
Brown & Ives
14, 32, 36, 37, 39, 46, 246n50, 369, 396
Brown family
14, 54, 396
Brown, Henry
163
Brown, John
35, 37, 284
Brown, John Carter
33n2, 35, 49, 51n54, 72, 276n120, 278, 338
Brown, Nicholas Jr.
32n1, 35, 37, 43, 46, 51n54, 54, 250, 284, 396
Brown, Nicholas Sr.
35, 37
Brown University
14, 15, 32n1, 37, 72, 277, 284, 333, 337.
Rhode Island College
Brown University libraries
337, 396
Buchanan, James
320
Buddha
157
Buddhism
157, 258
Burmese
286, 287
buxuan 不宣
158
Cai Ruihong 蔡瑞虹
194
“Cai xiaojie” (“Ça siao kie”) 蔡小姐
194
Calcutta
192
Cambridge, University. see University of Cambridge
CAMJ (City Archives of Mantes-la-Jolie)
250n62, 251n65
candarin (unit of money)
185
Canton Customs
165, 191, 226.
Hoppo; Qing government (officials of)
Canton dialect
Carter’s knowledge of
21, 60, 61, 64, 101, 116, 117, 119, 121–126, 145, 148–150, 174, 252, 253, 331, 348, 350, 358–359, 400
dictionaries and grammars of
119, 123, 146, 150, 302–306, 347
pronunciation of
60, 72, 99, 101, 117, 120, 122–125
vocabulary and expressions of
139, 140, 142, 144–150
Westerners’ study of
122, 123, 166, 239, 302, 303, 307, 312, 346, 347
Dialogues; Illustrations
Canton English
63, 134, 135, 162.
Chinese Pidgin English; Hongmao [tongyong] fanhua/guihua
Canton merchants
150, 219.
Chinese merchants; Conseequa; Hong merchants; Howqua
Canton system
18, 19, 71, 161, 293, 347.
Cohong; security merchants; single port trading relations
Canton trade
9, 18, 28, 31, 33, 36–39, 47, 140, 141, 150, 162, 171n27, 235, 299.
British East India Company; China trade
Cantonese (people)
28, 33, 46, 62, 150
Carrington, Edward
New Jersey incident; Snow, Samuel
and Carter
45, 52, 53, 197, 217–221
China policy of
161, 214, 216, 218–221
consul
37, 45, 53, 196–198, 200, 206–210, 213, 216, 218, 219
Carter, Benjamin Bowen
Chinese studies (for students and professionals)
American identity of
34, 235, 236, 296
as an agent of global knowledge
27, 223, 341, 347, 348, 351, 352
as an educator
36, 279, 281
as a physician
15, 27, 155, 292, 295, 340
as a scholar-linguist
16, 23, 51, 52, 72, 93, 223, 280–283, 294, 297, 340, 344, 350, 352
as a student of Chinese
6, 17, 23, 25, 28, 62, 71, 72, 82, 97, 98, 140, 152, 171, 176, 177, 340, 345, 346
as a supercargo
32, 44, 64
career ambitions of
50, 66, 223–239, 279–290, 322, 352, 399
education of
32, 34, 36, 43, 48, 300
family of
33–35, 148, 321, 395, 396
his five voyages to the East
30, 32, 39–46, 54, 66, 289, 292
his impressions of European sinology
23, 241–250
his views of other civilizations
4, 6, 63, 236, 291–297, 300, 301, 351, 352
in Canton
39, 41, 43, 44–46
in London
30, 31, 48, 49, 242, 249, 287
in New York
31, 48–50, 256, 273, 279, 281, 287
in Paris
26, 30, 31, 48, 90, 242, 245, 250–254, 257, 348
letters of
14, 15, 23, 26, 31, 41n27, 43, 46, 49, 64n67, 69, 83n19, 152, 176, 184n62, 223, 231n17, 232, 250–252, 259, 260, 262, 275, 278, 280, 281, 293, 295, 297–300, 349, 354, 395–400
library of
9, 15, 29, 83, 186, 242–246, 280, 298, 333, 335–339, 345, 349, 354, 396, 397
manuscripts of
15, 24, 26, 39n20, 48, 49, 51n54, 65n68, 90, 282, 292, 298, 338, 339.
Dialogues; Fourmont manuscript; Illustrations; Mandarina; prayer pamphlet
study notes
15, 29, 30, 85, 103, 176, 204, 269, 280, 346, 398, 399, 401.
Folder 10; Lunyu note; Shijing note
Carter, Crawford II
33, 35, 36, 54
Carter, Edward C.
326
Carter, Elizabeth
35, 48, 242, 338
Carter family
34n5, 35, 148, 396
Carter, Huldah Maria
35, 44, 45, 338
Carter, John (brother)
35, 45, 250
Carter, John (father)
33–35, 43, 289n149
Carter, William
35, 54, 396
Catholicism
29, 71, 184.
Chinese Catholics; missionaries (Catholic)
Cattaneo, Lazzaro 郭居靜
117
Cazier, Philippe 朱國鼎
80
Chandler, B. J.
46
Changlin 長麟
163, 164
charts, nautical
44, 63
chiming zhi bao 勅命之寶
316–318
China trade
36–38, 41, 145, 295, 396.
Brown & Ives; Brown family; Canton trade; Rhode Island; silk; tea
chinchin
57, 61, 139, 141, 378
Chinese (people)
4, 6, 12, 28, 45, 63, 65, 67, 97, 136, 140, 242, 292, 294, 310
Chinese assistants
167n16, 241, 324
Chinese Catholics
181, 193
Chinese characters
as the foundation for acquiring Chinese
86, 114, 137, 150, 151, 192, 303
Carter’s study of
6, 64–66, 72–74, 80, 83, 86, 88–90, 93–95, 101, 116, 117, 120, 127, 136, 150, 185, 230, 247, 254, 275, 329, 331, 332
inventing new ones to signify “God,”
270–271
learning via dictionaries
78, 79, 82, 84, 103, 104
Native American languages and
276
ordering of in dictionaries
75, 76, 78, 82, 87
phonetic transcriptions of
119, 204, 303
used to record dialect expressions
120, 126, 143, 145–147, 149, 150, 173
used to teach European writing systems
131, 134
variant or vulgar forms of
211, 240
Western ideas about
89, 170, 241n35, 244, 246, 248, 258, 308, 329
Chinese writing system; elements/radicals
Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, A
302–305, 310, 316
Chinese culture
6, 7, 9, 28–30, 67, 86, 170, 184, 260, 293, 299, 300, 301, 309, 329, 339, 342, 343, 345, 346, 351, 353
Chinese folk songs
99, 102, 132, 133n79
Chinese government
12, 197, 200, 218, 234, 236, 238, 344, 393.
Qing government
Chinese instructors/teachers
19, 20, 161, 163–169
Canton’s pool of
9, 345
importance of
120, 122, 145, 307, 346, 349
multi-functional
29, 202, 346
tailoring lessons to students
10, 26, 139–143, 150, 151, 195, 196, 353
Abel Yen, “Dr. Li,” Yĕ̇-Kūon, Zhao Jinxiu
Chinese language
adapted/improvised curriculum of
10, 21, 135, 345
as a tool for diplomacy
30, 310
common language and dialects of
302, 307, 347, 352
Canton dialect; Chinese language education; Chinese Pidgin English; Mandarin
Chinese language education
12, 13, 21, 29, 67, 327, 341, 354
multilingual curriculum for
71, 346, 399
standard/traditional curriculum for
17, 20, 94, 97, 345, 346
Chinese linguists (tongshi) 通事
63, 135, 141, 163, 164, 233, 236, 238, 293, 374, 381, 394
Chinese literature
8, 30, 64–66, 128, 178, 242, 243, 252, 297–300, 331
classics of
28, 252, 299
Chinese merchants
14n23, 141, 152, 153, 177, 208, 218, 288, 294, 350, 393.
Canton merchants; Cohong; ethics (business/commercial); Hong merchants
Chinese Pidgin English
19, 21, 31, 58, 62, 68, 139n87, 141, 143n90, 156, 162, 294, 350
Chinese Repository
31, 301, 302
Chinese servants
21, 63, 135, 166, 173n32, 241, 374, 377, 382
Achew/AChow
63, 173n32
Ahui
166
Asick
63n65, 173n32
Assuig
166
Chinese society
6, 23, 69n1, 119, 136, 147, 148, 150
Chinese studies
approaches to
1, 5, 6, 9, 13, 27, 67, 291, 309, 328, 332, 352
European writings on
243–245
for students and professionals
5, 321.
practical Chinese studies
in America
1–10, 16, 25, 26, 68, 223, 250, 279, 280, 291, 292, 298, 321, 322, 326–328, 330, 332, 333, 337, 339, 341–344
Hanxue; sinology; United States, colleges and universities in; Zhongguoxue
Chinese writing system
nature of
21, 308,
Western criticisms of
8, 307, 329, 331
Chinese characters; dictionaries (Chinese); writing systems
Chinoiserie
152
Christianity
259, 349
in China
11, 19, 68, 260, 261
propagation of
19, 21, 29, 50, 114, 159, 168, 260, 394
Catholic; Catholicism; missionaries
Cibot, Pierre-Martial 韓國英
114
civilizations, clash of
350, 351
Clarac, Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de
194
Clarke, Adam
254, 260, 262, 269, 398
Classical Journal (Britain)
258, 398
Cohong 公行
14n23, 38n14.
Canton system; Chinese merchants; Hong merchants
Collège de France (Paris)
23, 252, 253, 279, 321
Columbia College (NY)
281
Columbian College (DC)
222, 285–289
compradors
63, 163, 164
Confucianism
107
Confucius 孔子
94, 103, 104, 107, 192, 239, 240, 258, 264, 265, 267, 299, 300, 392
Conseequa (Ponqequa 潘啟官 , Pan Changyao 潘長耀 )
33, 38, 44, 121, 155–159, 197, 206, 215, 219, 226, 294, 396
Carter’s letter to
152–159, 343, 354, 399
Pan Shuiguan 潘水官
Couplet, Philippe 柏應理
244
Critical Review (Britain)
247
Crommelin, Daniel, & Sons
46
cross-cultural negotiation
3, 20, 30
cross-cultural studies
10.
self and others; Standaert, Nicholas
Culbertson, Michael S. 克陛存
309
cultural consciousness
4, 301
cultural encounters
308, 341
cultural exchanges
11, 12, 68, 86, 126, 151, 158, 160, 171, 178n43, 195, 196, 333, 344, 349, 350
Cushing, Caleb 顧盛
his views on the Chinese language
8, 307, 308, 313, 329, 334, 335
life and career of
291, 313, 315–318, 320, 334, 338, 339
Cushing Collection
112, 333, 335, 338, 339, 397
Cushing mission to China
220, 313, 318
Da huagu 打花鼓
98, 400
da huangdi 大皇帝
319
Dai De 戴德
96
Dai Sheng 戴聖
96
Daode Jing 道德經
271
Daoguang 道光 , Emperor
161, 313, 315, 317, 319
daoli 道理
213, 340, 353
DaQing huidian 大清會典
316
DaQing lüli (Ta Tsing leu lee) 大清律例
248–250
Davis, John Francis 爹核士 /德庇時
21, 71, 82, 83n18, 257, 318
decontextualization
94, 304.
recontextualization
diaeresis (in transcriptions)
124
Dialogues
370–389
as a multifunctional textbook
66n72, 345, 346
as a record of Carter’s study of the Canton dialect
122–126, 148–150, 282, 303, 304, 348, 358, 359
as a resource for learning Chinese language and culture
30, 138, 145–148, 151, 350, 353
as a witness to trading practices
141–144
authorship of
119, 120, 137, 150, 336, 337
organization and structure of
29, 136–140, 151, 152
dictionaries
Chinese
4n6, 9, 85, 86, 89, 170–172, 187, 190, 338n108.
Kangxi zidian; Zhengzi tong; Zihui
Chinese-English
80n15, 168, 170.
Morrions’s Dictionary; Raper’s Dictionary
Chinese-Latin
15, 72, 75, 80n14, 82n17, 111, 171, 172, 181, 182, 190.
Dictionarium; H-t-s-y; Manning, Thomas (Dictionary of,)
Hebrew
280
Latin-Chinese
82n17, 182n57, 188, 190, 243, 397
Dictionarium (sinium)
as a copy of H-t-s-y
15, 76–79, 170, 397
as evidence of Carter’s study of Chinese
30, 82, 83, 85–87, 96, 102–104, 109–112, 204, 240, 242, 267–270, 275, 300, 399, 400
authorship/transcription of
82, 188
Carter’s annotations in
72, 79, 80, 116, 184
Mandarin pronunciation recorded in
92
Dictionarium Sinico-Latinum
79, 398
Dighton Rock
275, 276, 277n123, 284
diplomacy
disputes in
27, 30, 163, 202, 214, 216, 218–220, 236, 294, 311, 346, 398
strategy of
214, 218, 220, 221, 312
trade, translation and
22, 25, 162, 202, 287, 308, 345
diplomatic interpreters/translators
200, 227, 241
and British foreign relations
22, 164, 165
and US foreign relations
18, 28, 221, 226, 236–238, 312–314, 318–320, 342
Carter, Benjamin Bowen (ambitions of); Chinese linguists; diplomacy; 1805 remonstrance; United States, consul/consulate of
distant language
70, 308
Dorr, Sullivan
38
“Dr. Li”
173, 174.
Li-sian-seng
Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste 杜赫德
89n30, 194, 300
Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen
6, 8, 308n29
Duan[Rui]guo 端 [ 瑞 ] 國 (Sweden)
132
dushu mingli 讀書明理
353
East Guangdong 粵東
161
Eastman, Lloyd E.
332
Easy Lessons in Chinese 拾級大成
302, 306
Eddy, Samuel
34, 285
1805 remonstrance
45, 201, 204, 215, 216, 219, 344, 345
Abel Yen’s version
203, 204, 206–214, 240, 346
Carrington’s copy, translation of
197, 206–214
Carter’s annotations
85, 86, 204, 205, 401
diplomacy; see also under United States, China policy of; United States, consul/consulate of [in Canton])
1811–1814 draft letter
176, 186, 200, 246, 247, 392–394
Elements of Chinese Grammar
256, 267n102, 269n104, 272, 274
elements/radicals (bushou 部首 )
72, 73, 75, 78, 79, 83, 84, 87–89, 171, 228, 229, 268, 269, 328, 331, 400
Eliot, Charles
323
Elphinstone, John F.
187–190, 195
Elphinstone, William Fullerton
189
Elton, Romeo
278, 285, 338
Embargo Act
37, 52, 224, 226, 234, 279
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
17
Empress of China (US ship)
36
ethics
business/commercial
29, 69, 136, 140, 142, 143, 350
Confucian
345
cultural
151
Euro-American intellectual exchange
348
Evans, Paul M.
333
Explanation of the Elementary Characters of the Chinese, An
65, 84, 247n53
Fairbank, John K. 費正清
17, 292, 327–333, 341
Federalists
43, 233
Feng Menglong 馮夢龍
194
Fenner draft (A)/(B)
83n19, 174, 176, 197, 229n14, 230, 239, 287, 288, 297–299, 311n39, 343, 354, 392–394, 400
Fenner, James
34, 83n19, 229–232, 239, 297, 392, 399, 400
Fenyun cuoyao 分韻撮要
79
Fiji
14, 41
Flint, James 洪任輝
21, 71, 161, 165.
British East India Company
flower boats 花船
101
fŏ chy (foshi) 佛氏
153, 157
Folder 10
62n63, 82, 85, 94, 98, 102, 107, 117, 118, 120, 176, 183, 203, 230, 249, 251n65, 280, 395, 400.
Carter, Benjamin Bowen (study notes of)
Folwell, Richard
32, 41
Fotuo 佛陀
157
Fourmont, Étienne
Carter’s evaluation of
90, 107, 223, 246, 247, 249, 272–274
Chinese characters engraved by
254
his knowledge of the Chinese language
89, 93, 106, 107
Grammatica; Meditationes Sinicae
Fourmont manuscript (“Chūm Kuĕ Kuōn Hoá” 中國官話 )
65, 87–90, 93, 94,
102, 103, 106, 107, 249, 397
Fox, Joseph
48, 49, 287
Francis, John Brown
35, 284
Franklin, Benjamin
17, 33, 48, 299
Fujian 福建
83n21, 161, 322
Fulanxiguo 咈囒哂囯 (France)
132
Fuxi (Fo-shee) 伏羲
242, 258
Galbert, Jean-Charles-François
165
Gallatin, Albert
225
General Washington (US ship)
36, 37
George III, king of Great Britain and Ireland
316
globalization
1, 348, 351
God (Christian)
23, 25, 57, 162, 255n74, 259–266, 269–271, 275, 289, 309, 349.
term question
gongshi 公使
319
Grammatica
87, 88, 93, 102, 104–107, 109, 152, 249, 253, 272, 398
Grinnell, William T.
278
Guanhua (kuon hoa, kwan-whoa) 官話
56n59, 273n113.
Mandarin
“Guan ju” 關睢
109, 110–115, 204.
Shijing
Guignes, Chrétien-Louis-Joseph de 德金
80
guishen 鬼神
265n100
Guozijian 國子監
109
Guthrie, William
300
guwang 孤王
314
Hager, Joseph
65, 83, 84, 223, 229, 246–248
Halley, Edmond
248
Hanxue 漢學
26.
Chinese studies; sinology; Zhongguoxue
Haoqiu zhuan (Hau Kiou Chuaan) 好逑傳
244, 300
Harris, William
281–283
Harvard College/University
13, 281, 322–326, 328, 332, 338
Hebrew
23, 264, 270, 271, 280, 284, 321
He Mengyao 何夢瑤
101
heshi koushou 合十叩首
157
Hirth, Friedrich 夏德
335, 336
history
global
11, 12, 353
transregional
11, 12
Hobart, John Henry
281–283, 397
hongmao (British) 紅毛
132, 206, 207, 209, 210, 213, 335, 364, 365, 367
Hongmao (tongyong) fanhua/guihua 紅毛 (通用 ) 番話 /鬼話 (red-haired/devils)
133–136
Hongmaoguo 紅毛囯
130, 363.
Britain; Yingjili 𠸄咭唎
Hong merchants
14n23, 68, 137, 237, 293
exercising control over Western merchants
161, 163, 215, 218, 238
trading code of
142, 143
trading with American merchants
38, 133, 294
Canton merchants; Chinese merchants; Cohong; Conseequa; Howqua
(Hongwu) Zhengyun (洪武 ) 正韻
78
Hooke, Robert
247, 248
Hoppo (Yue haiguan jiandu 粵海關監督 )
53, 133, 165, 217, 233, 293, 368, 374, 378, 393, 394.
Canton system; Canton trade; Qing government (officials of)
Horsburgh, James
170
Howqua (Houqua, ho coon) 浩官 (Wu Bingjian 伍秉鑑 )
33, 38, 44, 46, 121,
226, 294
H-t-s-y (Hán-tzé-sin-yih, Hanzi xiyi) 漢字西譯
15, 20, 76, 92, 111, 117, 170, 180, 187, 192, 195, 345, 398, 399
1726 fair copy of
76, 78, 80
volume 1 of
75, 82, 171, 190
volume 2 of
75, 76, 79, 82
huangdi zhi bao 皇帝之寶
316
Huang Entong 黃恩彤
316
Huangqiguo 黃旗國 (Denmark)
132
Huaqi 花旗 (America, flowered flag)
151, 154, 155
Humen 虎門 (Bocca Tigris)
214
Hummel, Arthur W. 恆慕義
and Carter’s manuscripts
335n102–339, 397
as a sinologist
3, 26, 336
at the LoC
292, 335, 336,
Hunter, William C.
7, 16, 71, 173, 239, 337
Huttmann, William
259, 398
Illustrations (Xiuxiang hongmao fanzi 繡像紅毛番字 )
360–369, 397–399
as a multifunctional textbook
29, 30, 66, 126, 127, 135, 136, 151, 304, 339
as a record of trading activities
128
as a resource for learning Chinese language and culture
47, 82, 102, 131, 174, 270
authorship of
127, 335, 336
organization and structure of
127, 129, 136, 137
red-haired/devils literature and
133–136
witnesses Carter’s study of the Canton dialect
99, 100, 120, 122, 125, 126, 129, 130, 132, 133, 148
imperialism
7
imperial seals
316–318.
chiming zhi bao, huangdi zhi bao
Imprimerie Royale (Paris)
254, 278
intermediaries
24, 94, 183, 254, 349
Intorcetta, Prospero 殷鐸澤
244, 266
Isis (US ship)
133
Isolationism
352
Ives, Moses Brown
277
Ives, Thomas P.
37
Ivimey, Joseph
255, 283, 285, 287
Jacob Schieffelin & Son
46, 231
JCB (John Carter Brown Library)
251n64, 337, 396, 400, 401
Jefferson, Thomas
Carter’s letters to
43, 44, 298, 342
interest in China of
6, 8, 17, 227, 228, 299, 300, 352
Punqua Winchong incident
Jenckes family
34, 395
Jenckes, Francis C.
338
Jenckes, Rebecca C.
35, 72, 338
Jesuits
23, 68, 174, 180, 244
Jesuits’ College at Pekin / University of Pekin
176, 178, 184, 324
JH (John Hay Library)
72, 337, 354
Jianben 監本
109
Jiangnan (Kiang-nan) 江南
161, 175
Jiaqing 嘉慶 , Emperor
46, 133, 141, 155, 168n19
Jingu qiguan (Kin-kou-ki-kouan) 今古奇觀
193, 194, 398
Jones, William
115, 242
Julien, Stanislas
24, 194
junzi 君子 ,
106, 107, 109–111, 113, 294
(guo)jun (zhi) zi (國 ) 君 (之 ) 子
113
Kangxi 康熙 , Emperor
78, 262
Kangxi zidian 康熙字典
78, 79, 96, 111, 227, 274n116
as a reference for translating Christian terms
262, 263, 269
Carter’s ownership and use of
83–88, 184n62, 242
Sino-Western cultural communication and
86
dictionaries (Chinese)
Kazan University
321
Kenny, Robert W.
14, 15, 24, 39n20, 43, 233, 250, 251, 337, 338, 354, 396, 397
King & Talbot
46
Kircher, Athanasius
244, 245, 273, 274
Klaproth, Julius Heinrich
30, 90–93, 252, 253, 257, 270–272, 276.
Abel-Rémusat, Jean-Pierre; Mandarina
Knight, Francis P.
323, 325
Ko K’un-hua 戈鯤化
13, 323–326, 333
Ko, Michael
167
Kronstadt Mole (Russia)
43
Kubin, Wolfgang 顧彬
1, 4, 70
Lacharme, Alexandre de 孫璋
114
Lagrené, Marie Melchior Joseph Théodore de
319
Language Flagship Initiative
325
language instruction
28, 70, 151, 321, 345
languages, aboriginal
American
66, 275–276, 284
Australian
14, 39, 40, 54–55, 62, 348
Lassar, Joannes
254, 255n74
Latin Macao Dictionary
80.
Raper’s Dictionary
law
Chinese
5n6, 41, 107n52, 200, 208, 209, 214, 220n106, 249, 356, 357
international/Western
196, 208, 210, 214, 219, 220n106
Legge, James 理雅各
102n47, 104–107, 110, 113, 263n98
Leiden, University of
43, 321
Leite, Joaquim
182
Lei-tsak-ting
174.
Li Shigong; Ly Yune Kuon
Létondal, Claude-François
166, 167, 188
Liao Wenying 廖文英
79
Library of Congress, United States (LoC)
15, 24, 87, 90, 92, 335, 337, 354, 397
Asian Division
335, 336, 397
Manuscript Division
313
Rare Book and Special Collections Division
397
Ling Mengchu 凌濛初
194
linguists
5, 6, 72, 135, 141, 217, 228, 237, 253, 298, 341, 394.
Chinese linguists
Linzhi 麟趾
158
“Lin zhi zhi” 麟之趾
158.
Shijing
Li Shigong
176n40.
Lei-tsak-ting; Ly Yune Kuon
Li-sian-seng (Lei Seen Sing, Ly seensang 李先生 )
174, 369.
“Dr Li”
Liu Kwang-Ching 劉廣京
330n87
Liyan 俚言
127, 136, 339
Li Zibiao 李自標 (Jacob Ly / Jacobus Li)
22, 166, 216.
Macartney embassy; Staunton, George Thomas
LoC. see Library of Congress, United States
London Missionary Society
183
Lunyu 論語
Barrow’s quotations of
242
Carter’s study and translation of
104–107, 263, 266, 268, 294
Fourmont’s annotations of
88
Lunyu note
Lunyu note
102, 103, 106, 107n52, 113, 204, 355–357
Ly Yune Kuon 李潤官
174, 369.
Lei-tsak-ting; Li Shigong
Ma Dezi 馬德滋
193, 391
Macao
African slaves in
148
copies of H-t-s-y in
79, 80, 82, 190
in Western literature
55
studying Chinese in
161, 166, 167, 183n58, 246
Westerners residing in
71, 162, 166, 168, 200
Yen’s connections in
181, 182, 188, 193, 390
Mount Vernon; Richenet, Jean-François
Macartney embassy
22, 55, 60n61, 62, 119, 166, 216
Maclay, Archibald
287
Macy, William Allen
323, 325
Madison, James
226n6, 230–232, 239, 392
as president
223, 227, 228, 232n20, 236
as secretary of state
83n19, 169, 197, 219, 229
Magalhães, Gabriel de 安文思
244
“Maihua ci” 賣花詞
101
Manchu language
23, 252, 253, 258, 279, 307, 335
Mandarin
Carter’s study of
21, 65, 72, 85, 116–118, 120, 123, 126, 130, 133, 173, 175, 176, 180, 204, 205, 347.
dictionaries (Chinese-Latin); Dictionarium (as evidence of Carter’s study of Chinese); H-t-s-y
pronunciation of
60, 74, 85, 92, 117, 119, 121, 358n1
studied by Westerners
92, 116, 117, 125, 166, 167, 241, 273n113, 342, 346
Mandarina
51, 52, 83, 90–94, 152, 185, 186, 189, 249, 253, 272, 274, 282, 354, 397, 399
Manning, James
34, 352, 396
Manning, Thomas
Dictionary of
75, 82, 187, 188, 195, 397
life and career of
24, 186, 187, 190–194, 241
studies Chinese
4, 6, 10, 24, 174, 177n42, 187–190, 192–193, 220, 241, 304, 340, 343, 345, 397
Manning, William
160, 190
Marchini, Giambattista
166, 188
Maroot (the elder)
39, 348
Marshman, Joshua
his Chinese translation of the Bible
192, 193, 254–257, 260, 262–269
his translation of Confucius
107, 122, 192, 263–269
life and career of
192, 255
sinological works of
123, 124, 247–249n57, 256, 265, 272–274, 398
Martin, E. T. Mrs.
322
Martini, Martino 衛匡國
245
Masini, Federico
20, 75, 78, 82, 117
Maybin, John
47
Medical College of Philadelphia
34
Medical Society of the City and County of New York
50
Meditationes Sinicae
87, 88, 246, 249, 398
M1815 (A Grammar of the Chinese Language)
123n72, 125, 273, 274
M1828 (A Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect) 廣東省土話字彙
62n63, 119, 123, 125,
146, 147, 150, 151, 303
Mei Yingzuo 梅膺祚
79
Mencius (Mengzi, Meng-tsee) 孟子
88, 239, 261, 299, 300, 354, 392, 399
Mercure de France
252
Miscellanea Curiosa
248
missionaries
16, 17, 71, 89, 93, 162, 248, 260, 270, 286–289, 291, 301, 309, 310, 321, 343, 347
Anglo-American
71, 309
Catholic
71, 80, 125, 159, 161, 168, 177, 180, 181, 183, 195, 229, 230, 242, 246, 251n65–253, 269, 347, 392, 394
Protestant
3, 27, 260, 262, 293n2, 301, 302, 309, 319
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; American Presbyterian mission; British Baptist Missionary Society; British and Foreign Bible Society; London Missionary Society
Mitchill, Samuel L.
224, 225, 228
Mohl, Julius von
114
Monroe, James
235
Morals of Confucius, The
244
Morrison, Robert 馬禮遜
as a missionary
4, 19, 28, 321
as an educator
6, 71, 96, 97, 111, 123, 125, 126, 150, 240, 301–303, 334, 347, 348
as a sinologist
26, 48, 273–275, 340, 348
as a student of Chinese
6, 10, 21, 28, 29, 63, 71, 146, 166, 167, 174, 176, 177, 179–183, 188–190, 220, 239, 243, 302, 304
as interpreter/translator
48, 71, 147, 148, 220, 235, 237, 243, 257, 269, 314
Chinese collection of
83n20, 112, 194
life and career
169, 173, 259, 345, 398
M1815; M1828; Morrison’s Dictionary
Morrison’s Dictionary (A Dictionary of the Chinese Language)
96, 97n43, 111, 147,
148, 275
Moulton, Joseph W.
277
Mount Vernon (US ship)
217–219
Mourier, Pierre François
165
Mowqua 綸美茂觀 (Lu Maoguan 盧茂官 [ 盧觀恆 ])
41, 294
Murray, John II
257
Nanhai 南海
156, 193
nankeens
39.
silk
Narrative of the British Embassy to China in the Years 1792, 1793, and 1794, A
55–59,
61, 62, 119
Na Yancheng 那彥成
196
New Jersey incident
30, 45, 52, 196–198, 203, 206–210, 215, 218–220, 232, 236, 351.
Anglo-American relations
New York Lyceum of Natural History
49, 224n1
New York Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Society
50
New York Society Library
50
New York Spectator
51
Nieuhof, Johannes
85, 274n118
Niuzhuang (Newchwang) 牛莊
323
Nixon, Richard Milhous
328
Nott, Eliphalet
284
Olyphant, David W. C.
169
Opium War
136, 311, 319, 334
Orient
10, 280, 338n108
oriental languages
72, 222, 279, 280, 282–284, 286–289, 322
orientalism
10
orientalist
245, 253
oriental literature
253, 277–280, 284, 285n139, 288–289, 325
oriental scholars
5, 25, 32, 51, 253, 277, 279, 344
oriental studies
25, 31, 243n38, 277, 280, 281, 283, 322
Osage Indians
275
Owen, John
256n77
Oxford University
321
Page, Benjamin
39
Paine, Thomas
17
Palmer, Aaron H.
16, 224, 225, 227–229
Pan Shicheng 潘仕誠
313, 314
Pan Shuiguan 潘水官 (poon-xui-koon, Puͨon̂-xeỳ-kūon)
154, 155.
Conseequa
Pan Youdu 潘有度 (Puankhequa 潘啟官 III)
38n14, 215
Panyu 番禺
193
Parker, John & Son
46
Parker, Peter
Chinese proficiency of
314, 318
diplomatic policy toward China of
292, 313, 319, 320
his concerns about imperial seals
316
life and career of
46, 292, 312–314, 317–318, 320, 341
translation of Daoguang’s letter by
315–318
Cushing mission to China; diplomatic interpreters/translators; imperial seals
pataca (unit of money)
184–186, 200, 201
Paul, Saint
48, 264
Pearl River (Delta) 珠江
101, 123, 214, 332
Pearson, Alexander
167, 182, 187, 188, 190, 195, 220
pedagogy
14, 29, 70, 190, 346
Pennsylvania Hospital
36
Peking
expulsion of Catholic missionaries from
168
Macao/Canton connections of missionaries/Chinese converts in
168n19, 175, 181, 392
Percy, Thomas
244, 300
petition (remonstrance)
in Chinese
161, 164, 191, 196, 197, 212, 215, 314, 344
submission of to Qing officials
53, 163, 165, 191, 196–198, 202, 206, 212, 215, 219, 233, 294, 344
translation of
164, 197, 198, 202–204, 206–210, 212–215, 232, 238, 240, 341, 342
bingwen; 1805 remonstrance
Poirot, Louis Antoine de 賀清泰
181n52
Ponqua 榜官 (Ni Bingfa 倪秉發 )
133, 365
Poonqua 盤官
41, 294
practical Chinese studies
5, 68, 151, 321, 342.
Chinese studies (for students and professionals)
prayer pamphlet
117, 121, 173, 244, 282, 300, 398, 399
Prémare, Joseph Henri Marie de 馬約瑟
93n39, 113, 114
Providence (RI)
Canton trade and
14, 31, 36–39, 234
elites and prominent families in
43, 148, 151, 292
Brown family
Providence Academy
36, 281
Providence Gazette
33, 36, 43, 233
Prussia
162, 166, 253, 387
Punqua Winchong 斌觀榮章 incident
18, 156n100, 223–227, 341
Qianlong 乾隆 , Emperor
98, 242, 316
Qiaoxi mengqi zhuren 樵西夢齊主人
127, 336
qinchai 欽差
319
Qing government
diplomatic relations with Western nations of
8n10, 198, 311, 319
forbids teaching Chinese to Westerners
5n6, 19, 163, 164, 182, 238, 346
management of Westerners in Canton by
44, 45, 163, 193
officials of
214, 215, 314, 344.
Changlin; Huang Entong; Na Yancheng; Pan Shicheng; Qiying; Ruan Yuan; Yanfeng; Zhao Changling
Qiu Jun 丘濬
128
“Qiwu lun” 齊物論
128n76.
Zhuangzi
Qiying 耆英
313, 314
quantie 全帖
130n78
Quarterly Review (Britain)
257
Quesne, Joseph le 范嘉謨
80
Raper, Matthew Jr.
80, 170, 397
Dictionary of
76n8, 80–82, 170, 270n105, 397, 398.
Latin Macao Dictionary
RAS. see Royal Asiatic Society
Ratsey, Edward
196, 206, 207, 211, 212, 218
Raynal, Guillaume Thomas
55
recontextualization
94, 304.
decontextualization
Reeves, John
49
Renaudot, Eusèbe
244, 245
Rhode Island
Carter’s connections in
34, 49, 54, 229, 231n17, 284, 289n149, 396
Carter’s planned history of
49, 295
Rhode Island American and Gazette
51
Rhode Island College
32, 34, 93, 229, 231, 232, 284–286, 300.
Brown University
Rhode Island Historical Society
15, 49, 251
Rhode Island Historical Society Library
39n20, 117, 172, 251, 354, 395, 396
RIC. see Rhode Island College
Ricci, Matteo 利瑪竇
70, 117
Rice, Luther
222, 285–287
Richenet, Jean-François 蘇振生
45, 51, 166, 175, 176, 186, 188, 195, 345
Ridout, Samuel
281–283, 397, 399
RIHC. see Rhode Island Historical Society Library
Rippon, John
49, 278n126, 287, 399
Robertson, Thomas
256n77, 262n97
Rodriguez, Juan Antonio
166, 189n71, 200
Royal Asiatic Society
24, 80, 82, 212n95, 259, 397
Royal Society
49, 170, 182, 354
Library of
30, 49, 242, 243
Philosophical Transactions of
248
Ruan Yuan 阮元
238
“Rufen” 汝墳
102, 158.
Shijing
Rush, Benjamin
36, 48
rusheng 入聲
124
Russell, Jonathan
34, 232
correspondence with Carter
176, 177, 203, 232–236, 242, 250, 294, 297, 396, 399, 400
Russia
311
Ryland, John
251, 255–257, 283
Sacy, Antoine Isaac Silvestre de
253, 257, 258
Saint-Martin, Antoine-Jean
245n49, 252n66, 253
sanjiao mao 三角帽
151
Sanzijing 三字經
96, 97, 111, 112, 328, 345, 346
security merchants
121, 133, 140n88, 141, 174, 197, 198, 206, 215, 365, 380.
Canton merchants; Canton system; Canton trade; Cohong; Conseequa; Hong merchants; Howqua
self and others
1, 2, 10, 11, 159, 160, 195, 196, 222, 223, 331.
cross-cultural interactions
Semedo, Alvaro 謝務祿 /曾德昭
245
Semitic languages
31, 280
Septuagint
263, 264
Serampore
192, 249n57, 254–256
Serrano, Joannes Fernandez 王雄善
80
“Shanchuan Yonghuai” 山川詠懷
95
Shang daren 上大人
94, 95
shangdi (Shangti) 上帝
23, 260, 269, 309
shangzhu 上主
270
Shanxi 山西
168, 180, 193
Shao Yong 邵雍
95
shen (xin, shin) 神
23, 157, 255, 256, 260–271, 309, 342
shengshen 聖神
270
shenqi 神祇
265a
Shijing (Shee King) 詩經
88, 97, 102, 109, 111–115, 158, 242, 294, 328, 345, 346.
“Guan ju;” “Lin zhi zhi;” “Rufen;” Shijing duben; Shijing note; Shi jizhuan; “Taoyao”
Shijing duben 詩經讀本
109, 112
Shijing note
107, 108, 113, 304
Shi jizhuan 詩集傳
109, 111
ships. see Asia (US ship); Doris, HMS; Empress of China (US ship); General Washington (US ship); Harrier, HMS; Isis (US ship); Mount Vernon (US ship); Providence, HMS
Shunde 順德
193
shunü 淑女
109–111
silk
66, 127, 130, 132, 135, 145, 170, 186, 270, 293, 300, 363, 364, 367, 374
single port trading relations
71, 340, 347.
Canton system; Canton trade; China trade
Sino-American relations
in the twentieth century
327, 328
language study and
2, 5, 8, 12–14, 18, 28, 67, 161, 325, 330, 333, 339, 341, 348
Sino-British relations
22, 187n68, 220, 319
sinology
13, 17, 25, 26, 260, 349
academic/professional
3, 5, 16, 23, 27, 31, 65, 90, 343
American
2, 3, 9, 13, 16, 17, 26, 31, 328, 343, 344, 347
British
257
European
16, 17, 23, 31, 65, 90, 241–250, 321, 328, 343, 347
French
223, 242, 258, 279
missionary
3, 5, 27, 343
phases of
17, 26, 65, 321, 343, 344
proto- (amateur)
16, 17, 27, 343, 344
Western
12, 17, 343
Chinese studies; Hanxue; Zhongguoxue
sinologists
24, 31, 162n2, 310, 349
academic/professional
31
American
3
European
10, 246, 247
French
6, 252, 342
proto- (amateur)
17
Abel-Rémusat, Jean-Pierre; Bridgman, Elijah Coleman; Davis, John Francis; Hummel, Arthur W.; Huttmann, William; Klaproth, Julius Heinrich; Kubin, Wolfgang; Marshman, Joshua; Morrison, Robert; Staunton, George Thomas; Williams, Samuel Wells
Sishu 四書
97
Sino-Western relations
19, 21, 86n26, 135, 160, 162, 164, 346
Sishu zhangju jizhu 四書章句集注
266
slavery
22, 147–148, 374
Smith, Robert
232
Snow, Samuel
37, 196, 218
Standaert, Nicholas 鍾鳴旦
10, 11, 68, 69n1, 126, 171
Stanford, John
287
Staughton, William
285, 287, 289, 321, 399
Staunton, George Leonard
62, 116, 119
Staunton, George Thomas
as a diplomatic interpreter/translator
164, 165, 212, 236, 241, 342
as a sinologist
4, 119, 246–249, 274, 343
Chinese proficiency of
167, 240, 241, 302, 340, 350
life and career of
21, 169, 175, 183, 188, 202, 220, 222, 235, 321, 340, 345, 398
studies Chinese
6, 9, 10, 28, 63, 71, 119, 164–167, 169, 177, 180, 184, 195, 301, 302, 350
Steinkopf, Karl Friedrich Adolf
254, 256n77
Stiles, Ezra
275
St. John’s College (Annapolis)
281–283, 289, 322
St. Joseph’s College (Macao)
182
St. Petersburg
43, 253
St. Thomas’s and Guy’s Hospitals
48
Su Ching 蘇精
19, 21, 162, 179, 180n46, 183n59
“Taoyao” 桃夭
115, 242.
Shijing
tea
habit of drinking
45, 60, 118, 295, 296
varieties of
39, 45, 132, 363–365, 367, 368, 375–377, 389
teacher-student dynamic/relationship
198, 345
teaching/learning Chinese as a foreign language
13, 19, 22, 27, 29, 86, 136, 151, 345, 321
teaching materials
26, 71, 95, 112, 128, 133, 139, 151, 195, 241, 249, 347
Teng Ssu-yü 鄧嗣禹
330, 331n89
term question
23, 86, 259, 260, 269, 270, 309, 310
Terranova incident
237, 238
textbooks, for learning Chinese / the Canton dialect
10, 29, 30, 68, 107, 126, 304, 324.
see Dialogues; Illustrations; Lunyu; Mandarina; Sanzijing; Shijing; Sishu; Wujing
Thomas, Isaiah
33, 83
Thompson, Laurence G.
3, 26
Thomson, John R.
238
Thoreau, Henry David
17
Thornton, William
224–227
tianzhu (tien chu) 天主
23, 260, 269–271, 309
Tongwen Hang 同文行
38.
Conseequa; Pan Youdu
Torre do Tombo, Archives of (Putaoya Dongbota dang’anguan) 葡萄牙東波塔檔案館
193, 390, 391
Tory
233
translation
accuracy/fidelity of
22, 94, 115, 147, 197, 204, 216, 226, 262, 312, 313.
1805 remonstrance
cultural
22, 70, 87, 115, 126–151, 304
from English into Chinese
164, 167, 235, 304
from English into Latin
197
from Chinese into English
98, 113, 115, 168, 244, 304
from Chinese into Latin
107, 114, 244
of Chinese literary and religious works
23, 195, 255, 256, 264, 287
diplomatic interpreters/translators
translators. see diplomatic interpreters/translators
Travels in China
68, 98n45, 99, 240n35, 242, 247
Treaty of Nanking 南京條約
318, 334
Treaty of Tientsin 天津條約
302
Treaty of Wanghsia (Wangxia) 望廈條約
8n10, 18, 71, 220, 312, 317, 333, 334, 342
tributary system
164, 314
Trigault, Nicholas 金尼閣
92n37, 117
Tyler, John
313–315
Union College (NY)
284
United States, China policy of
17, 18, 161, 221.
Carrington, Edward (China policy of,)
United States, colleges and universities in. see Brown University; Columbia College (NY); Columbian College (DC); Harvard College/University; Rhode Island College; St. John’s College (Annapolis); Union College; University of Virginia; Yale College
United States, consul/consulate of (in Canton)
7, 8, 28, 37, 196, 219–221, 232,
236–238, 279, 298, 312, 393, 394
United States, government of
8, 26, 161, 219, 221, 223, 224, 228, 231, 235, 319, 327, 334, 338, 341, 349
United States of America (Yameilijia hezhongguo 亞美理駕合眾國 )
206, 314, 320
University of Cambridge
4, 48, 169, 187, 285
University of Oxford
321
University of Virginia
285
Utrecht University
43
Van Name, Addison
322, 323, 325
Varo, Francisco
51, 83, 90–93, 185, 189, 272–275
viceroy of Guangdong and Guangxi (Liangguang zongdu 兩廣總督 )
53, 163,
196, 212n95, 238, 341
Waln, Robert Jr.
4, 6, 63
Ward, John
46, 171
Ward, Samuel
171, 172
Ward’s Dictionary
171–173
Warner, Amos
133
War of 1812
9, 37, 279, 287
War of Independence
36, 37, 233
Washington, George
299, 341, 342, 352
Watts, Issac
331
Westerners
residing in Canton
162, 165, 333, 344
studying Chinese / the Canton dialect in Canton
5, 12, 15, 70, 71, 97, 136, 146, 150, 173n32, 177, 186, 333, 334, 340, 346, 347
Ball, Samuel; Bridgman, Elijah Coleman; Carter, Benjamin Bowen; Davis, John Francis; Elphinstone, John F.; Manning, Thomas; Morrison, Robert; Parker, Peter; Pearson, Alexander; Staunton, George Thomas; Williams, Samuel Wells
Weston, Stephen
257, 258
Whampoa 黃浦
30, 39, 41, 44, 53, 197, 206, 207, 211
Wilcocks, Benjamin C.
237
Wilkinson, James
244
Wilkinson, William
33
Williams, Samuel Wells 衛三畏
life and career of
2, 3, 8, 13, 302, 303, 310, 313, 322–326, 343
studies Chinese
6, 26, 71, 290, 302–304, 306, 347
views on the Chinese language
291, 304, 307, 309, 310, 325, 333
Wong Wang-chi 王宏志
21, 22, 164
Woodward, Augustus B.
227, 228
Works of Confucius, The
107, 122, 265–267
“worship sentence,”
263, 265–269 n104
writing systems
alphabetic
29, 329
ideographic
308, 311
phonetic
308
romanization
117, 331.
Chinese writing system
written Chinese
Carter studies
66, 90, 95, 98, 126, 171, 240, 398, 400
comprehension of
82
method of learning
86
practical use of
53, 66
Wujing 五經
97
Xiangshan 香山
164, 193
Xiaojing 孝經
97
Xinhui 新會
193
Xin-Jiu yizhao quanshu 新舊遺詔全書
255n74
Xiru ermu zi 西儒耳目資
117
Xiyangguo 西洋囯 (Portugal)
132, 367
Xizi qiji 西字奇蹟
117, 125
“Xue er” 學而
88, 102, 107.
Lunyu
Yale College
275, 295, 322
Yamqua 任官
46
Yanfeng 延豐
133
yang (yäung, muster) 樣
132, 148, 149, 368, 370, 371, 379, 382, 384
Yates, John Austin
284
Yates, John Vann Ness
277
Yĕ̇-Kūon
174–176, 195
Yen, Abel. see Abel Yen
yiguan 夷官
193
Yihe Hang 怡和行
38.
Howqua
“Yi-Hi-Wei” (yi 夷 , xi 希 , wei 微 )
271
Yingjili 𠸄咭唎
316.
Britain; Hongmaoguo 紅毛國
Yiyin jiyao 夷音輯要
134
Yong Sam-Tak 楊善達
182n57, 243
Yongzheng 雍正 , Emperor
70, 168
Youzi (Yaow-chee) 有子 (有若 )
264
Yung Wing 容閎
323
zaju 雜劇
98
Zengzi (Chung-chee) 曾子 (曾參 )
264
Zhang Xiping 張西平
13, 19, 136, 343
Zhang Zilie 張自烈
79
Zhao Changling 趙長齡
314
Zhao Jinxiu
192
Zhejiang 浙江
161
zhen 朕
319
Zhengzi tong 正字通
79, 86, 111
Zhongguoxue 中國學
26.
Chinese studies; Hanxue; sinology
Zhou Feihong 周飛鴻
193
Zhouli 周禮
97
Zhuangzi 莊子
128
Zhui baiqiu 綴白裘
98
Zhu Xi 朱熹
109, 266
zhuyi 主意
147
Zhuzhici 竹枝詞
99, 100
Zihui 字彙
79, 260
Zilan Tang 紫蘭堂
127