Abbreviations
Primary sources are cited according to the same model as citations of secondary sources, i.e.: Authorâs surname, year of publication, page numbers. Full references for publications cited in this way are listed under the authorâs name in the Bibliography.
A number of primary sources, book and journals have been cited repeatedly throughout this study, and are abbreviated as follows:
| Anales | Anales Palatinos del Califa de Córdoba al-Ḥakam II, por ʿĪsÄ ibn Aḥmad al-RÄzÄ« (360â364 AH = 971â975 JC). Translated by Emilio GarcÃa Gómez (Madrid, 1967) |
| BayÄn II | Ibn Ê¿IdhÄrÄ«, Al-BayÄn al-Mughrib vol. II. Page numbers refer to Dozyâs 1851 edition, and the reference in square brackets refers to Fagnanâs 1904 translation |
| BayÄn II (1951) | Refers to Colin & Lévi-Provençalâs 1948â1951 edition |
| BayÄn III | Ibn Ê¿IdhÄrÄ«, Al-BayÄn al-Mughrib vol. III. Page numbers refer to Lévi-Provençalâs 1930 edition, and the reference in square brackets refers to Salgadoâs 1993 translation |
| BayÄn III (appendix) | Refers to the translation of the chapters of BayÄn III relating to al-Muáºaffar, given in Lévi-Provençalâs revision of Reinhart Dozyâs Histoire des Musulmans dâEspagne jusquâà la conquête de lâAndalousie par les Almoravides (711â1110) (Leiden, 1932), vol. 3, 198 ff. |
| Dhikr BilÄd I | Dhikr BilÄd al-Andalus, edited by Molina (1983), volume 1 (Arabic text) |
| Dhikr BilÄd II | Dhikr BilÄd al-Andalus, translated by Molina (1983), volume 2 (Spanish translation). The number given after the page number (designated by §) refers to the page number of the original manuscript, and allows cross-referencing between the English and Arabic volumes of the edition |
| Al-MaqqarÄ« | All references are to Gayangosâ translation of Al-MaqqarÄ«âs Nafḥ al-Ṭīb, unless otherwise specified. Page numbers refer to Vol. II, Book VI, Chapter VII, unless otherwise indicated. Other references to Al-MaqqarÄ« are given in parentheses. References to Gayangosâ notes will just have the volume and page number |
| HEM | Lévi-Provençalâs Histoire de lâEspagne Musulmane (1950): volumes II = HEM II; volume III = HEM III. |
| BRAC | BoletÃn de la Real Academia de Córdoba de Ciencias, Bellas Letras y Nobles Artes |
Exhibition Catalogues:
These are abbreviated as follows â full publication details are given here and in the Bibliography:
| Al-Andalus | Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain. Exhibition catalogue, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, 1992) |
| Les Andalousies | Les Andalousies de Damas à Cordoue. Exhibition held at the Institut du Monde Arabe (Paris, 2000) |
| Año 1000, Año 2000 | Dos milenios en la Historia de España: Año 1000, Año 2000, exhibition catalogue ed. P. Martin Llopis (Madrid: España, Nuevo Milenio, S.A., 2000) |
| Art of Medieval Spain | OâNeill, J.P., ed., The Art of Medieval Spain AD 500â1200. Exhibition catalogue, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, 1993) |
| Arte Islámico en Granada | Arte Islámico en Granada: Propuesta para un Museo de la Alhambra. Exhibition catalogue, Palacio de Carlos V, Alhambra (Granada, 1995) |
| Caravans of Gold | Bickford Berzock, Kathleen, ed. Caravans of Gold, Fragments in Time: Art, Culture, and Exchange across Medieval Saharan Africa (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019) |
| Esplendor: Catálogo | Viguera Molins, MarÃa Jesús, and Castillo, Concepción, eds., El Esplendor de los Omeyas Cordobeses: La civilización musulmana de Europa Occidental. Catálogo de Piezas. Exhibition catalogue, MadÄ«nat al-ZahrÄʾ (Granada, 2001) |
| Esplendor: Estudios | Viguera Molins, MarÃa Jesús, and Castillo, Concepción, eds., El Esplendor de los Omeyas Cordobeses: La civilización musulmana de Europa Occidental. Essays accompanying the Exhibition catalogue (Granada, 2001) |
| Journal of the David Collection 2 (2005) | The Ivories of Muslim Spain: Papers from a symposium held in Copenhagen from the 18th to the 20th of November 2003. Journal of the David Collection 2 (2 vols) (2005) |
| Maroc MeÌdieÌval | Le Maroc meÌdieÌval: Un empire de lâAfrique aÌ lâEspagne. Exhibition catalogue, MuseÌe du Louvre. Edited by Yannick Lintz, Claire DeÌleÌry and Bulle Tuil Leonetti (Editions Hazan and MuseÌe du Louvre, Paris, 2014) |
| Santiago-al-Andalus | Santiago-al-Andalus: Diálogos ArtÃsticos para un Milenio. Conmemoración del Milenario de la Restauración de la Ciudad de Santiago de Compostela tras la razzia de Almanzor (997â1997). Exhibition catalogue, Mosteiro de San Martiño Pinario (Xunta de Galicia, 1997) |
| Trésors | Trésors Fatimides du Caire. Exposition preÌsenteÌe aÌ lâInstitut du Monde Arabe du 28 avril au 30 aouÌt 1998 (Paris: Institut du Monde Arabe, 1998) |
Supplementary publication dates in square brackets indicate a new edition, eg Torres Balbás 1957 [1996].
Arabic translations are checked against the dictionaries by Hans Wehr and Edward Lane. I have used the Yusuf Ali translation of the QurʾÄn.
I have italicised all non-English words, except for those that have an accepted or widespread usage in the English language â for example, mihrab and minbar are not italicised, but maqṣūra is.