Abbreviations
Many glosses, especially those used for inflectional and derivational markers, represent grammatical morphemes that occur in Russian but do not occur in Sino-Russian idiolects. Glosses of free grammatical morphemes usually represent functions in the Sino-Russian idiolects. Glosses of lexical items are just rough approximations of referential meaning.
| 1 |
1st person |
| 2 |
2nd person |
| 3 |
3rd person |
| acc |
accusative |
| assc |
associative |
| conj |
conjunction |
| conj:a |
unexpected follow-up conjunction used to conjoin clauses, and utterances |
| conj:i |
‘coordinating conjunction used to conjoin nouns, clauses, and utterances |
| com |
comment marker |
| comp |
complementizer |
| dat |
dative |
| dem |
demonstrative |
| dim |
diminutive |
| dist |
distributive |
| f |
feminine |
| gen |
genitive |
| imp |
imperative |
| inf |
infinitive |
| ins |
instrumental |
| intens |
intensifier |
| ipfv |
imperfective |
| m |
masculine |
| n |
neuter |
| neg |
negative |
| opt |
optative |
| pass |
passive |
| pst |
past |
| pfv |
perfective |
| pl |
plural |
| poss |
possessive |
| prep |
preposition |
| pres |
present |
| prs |
presentative |
| ptcl |
participle |
| refl |
reflexive |
| sa |
solicit agreement (in Mandarin, Li and Thompson 1981) |
| sg |
singular |
| top |
topicalizer |