action
action and representation 20 , 148 –155 , 172 , 177 –178 , 237 , 263 , 283
action theory 3 –4 , 13 , 22
aggression 191 –203 , 192
agrarian society 9
anthropology 12 , 122
associations for sociology of sport 1
audience research 205 , 226 –238
see also sport spectators
authenticity of sport 263 –264
authoritarian society 9
BARB 26 , 227 , 226 –228
Berger, Peter L. 4 , 126 , 53n2 , 54 –56
body
being a body 68 , 134 , 172
body awareness 77
body image 60 , 81
body language of sport 7 , 22 , 165 , 179 , 279 , 283
Bourdieu, Pierre 4 , 13 , 20 , 76 –82 , 89 , 91 , 97
boycott 141 , 267 , 269 , 273 –275 , 278
capital
cultural 21 , 20 –22 , 77 , 93
economic 21 , 20 –22 , 76
social 21 , 77
see also Bourdieu, Pierre; habitus
catharsis 192 –194 , 234 , 240
choking under pressure 119 –121
civilizing process 20 , 41 , 123 , 160 , 187 , 202
code of good manners 80
commercialization of sport 7 , 243 –246 , 264 , 272 , 277
communication 6 , 18 , 176 , 173 –182
see also mass communication
configuration
see figuration
Comte, Auguste 9n
confirmation of identity 6 , 154 –155 , 178 –179
content analysis 205 , 209 –217
see also qualitative content analysis
corporate behavior 251
corporate communication 251
corporate design 251
corporate identity 251
Coubertin, Pierre de 66 , 275 –277 , 281 –283
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly 4 , 170
see also flow experience
culture 10
cultural capital, see capital
cultural product (sport as a) 4 –5 , 10 , 128
cultural studies 13 , 22
sport and culture 32 –43
Darwin, Charles 32n , 33
democratic society 9
differentiation of sport 44
distinction 21 , 81 –82 , 93 –95
diversification of sport behavior 44
division of labor 3 , 9 , 59 , 68 , 151 , 264
doping 6 , 17 , 38 , 48 , 160 –166 , 178n , 183n
drive theory 192 –193
Durkheim, Emile 4 , 131 –133
e-sport 11 , 261 –262
economic capital 21 , 22 , 76
educational tool (sport as an) 283
efficient learning 169
ekecheiria 276
Elias, Norbert 4 , 13 , 20 , 30 , 39 –42 , 106 , 123 , 128n , 160 , 164 , 187 , 200 , 202 , 238
empirical 2 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 18 , 25 –26 , 28
empirical (social) research methods 2 , 26
ethnography 23 , 26
European Sport Index 158 –159
excentricity 5 , 124 –128 , 134
experiment 26
exploration 24 , 25
extension of man 127 –128
fair play 6 , 17 , 30 , 43 , 91 , 149 , 164 –166 , 174 , 202 –203 , 264 , 275 , 278 –281
fan 185 –191
see also sport spectators
fascination of sport 172 , 279
feminist theory 13 , 22
figuration 20 , 22 , 106
figurational theory 13 , 20 , 22
flow experience 6 , 170 –172
Freud, Sigmund 55n , 57 , 192
frustration-aggression hypothesis 194 –195
Gehlen, Arnold 4 , 6 , 123
gender roles in sport 59 –69
gender identity 60 –62 , 69
men’s sport 64 , 66 , 93 , 216
women’s sport 23 , 61 –68 , 93 , 141 –143 , 161 , 213 –217
generalized other 53n , 125 , 134 –135
Giddens, Anthony 2 , 4 , 70 , 78 –79 , 100
globalization 9 , 31 –32 , 275 –278 , 276
glocalization 32
Goffman, Erving 4 , 128 , 150 , 155 , 184
group cohesion 112 , 113 –117
habitus 20 , 21 –22 , 24 , 77 –81 , 94
Hauser, Kaspar 52
having a body 68 , 134 , 172
health consciousness 27
healthy drug (sport as a) 171
Homans, George C. 4 , 129 , 100n
home advantage 118 , 119
hooliganism 196 –197
hospitalism 131
Huizinga, Johan 167
hunting and gathering society 9
hypothesis 25 , 26
ideal of society (sport as an) 7 , 280
identification 184 , 185
identity 55
identity concept 195 –197
identity problems 152
personal identity 55 , 137 –138 , 181
social identity 55 , 185
idol 140 , 145 , 185 –187 , 236 –238
impact research 238 –241
in-group 99 –100 , 178
industrial society 9
integrated communication 255
integration, social 266 –270
internalization of values and norms 41n , 54
International Olympic Academy 282
International Olympic Committee 19 , 46 , 66 , 259 , 267 , 280 –281
Köhler effect 111
Lasswell’s model of communication 204 –241
late modern society 9
lifestyle 71 , 72
lifestyle groups 72
lifestyle sports 46 , 76 , 181
longitudinal studies 26
Luckmann, Thomas 4 , 53n , 54 –56 , 126
Luhmann, Niklas 18 , 123
marketing 44 –45 , 243 –255
marketing mix 255
marketing strategy 254 –255
mass media / means of mass communication 6 –7 , 106 , 148 , 204 , 205 –241
media culture of sport 7
media research 217 –226
mediatization of sport 7 , 243 , 256 –257 , 261
Mauss, Marcel 56 –57 , 128n
Mead, George H. 4 , 6 , 13 , 53 –55 , 125 –126 , 129 –130 , 134 –135 , 173 –177
Merton, Robert K. 1
microcosm of society (sport as a) 48 , 122
migratory social institution 19 , 276
Mills, Charles W. 2
Moreno, Jacob L. 101 –102 , 105
motivation
extrinsic motivation 168 –170
intrinsic motivation 168 , 169 –172
motivation of sport group members 106 –107 , 110 –111
motivation of sport fan behavior 190 , 235
motive of play 167 –172
motives for sport participation 33 –34 , 61 –62 , 68 , 83 , 138 –139
need for positive affect 130
Needham, Rodney 1
Nielsen 221 , 226 , 227 , 230 –231 , 233
norms 10 , 19 , 32 , 33 , 39 –41 , 54 , 63 , 71 , 99 , 134 , 149 , 153 –155 , 160 , 177 , 197 –198 , 264
Ofcom 226 , 228
Olympic Charter 278
Olympic Games 7 , 19 –20 , 30 , 36 –39 , 46 , 66 –67 , 119 , 142 , 146 , 187 , 188n , 199 , 211 –213 , 215 –216 , 222 –225 , 228 , 244 –250 , 255 , 259 –260 , 265 –282
Olympic Charter 278
Olympic education 275 , 281 –283
Olympic Truce 275 –276
Olympism 275 –281
operationalization 27
out-group 100 , 178
OzTAM 226 , 227
pankration 39 –40
para-social relationship 6 , 234 –237
Parsons, Talcott 4 , 17 , 37 , 148n
peer group 60 , 100 –101
performance 150
Plessner, Helmuth 4 , 6 , 68 , 122n , 123n , 124 –127 , 153 , 174n , 195
political socialization 270 , 272
politicization of sport 7 , 265 , 272
politics 263 , 264 , 265 –282
Popitz, Heinrich 4 , 6 , 135 –138
positive attributes (of sport) 251
postmodern society 9
power 263 , 264 , 265 –266
practice theory 13 , 22
principle of achievement 150 –151
professionalization of sport 7 , 243 , 252 –256
pseudo-events 260
pseudo-social relationships 236
psychology 12
psychomotricity 169 –170
qualitative research methods 22 , 26
qualitative content analysis 23 , 26
quantitative research methods 21 , 22 , 25 –26
quantitative survey 21
RAJAR 226 , 229
random sampling 27 , 28
Randomized Response Technique 162 –163
rational choice theory 13 , 22
reality of media sport 209 , 239
reduction of complexity 151 , 153 , 183
reference group 100 , 106 , 148
RegionalTAM 226 , 227 , 231
related disciplines of sociology 12
reliability 28
religion (sport as) 17 , 187 –189
representation 20 , 148 –155 , 172 , 177 –178 , 237 , 263 , 283
representative sample 27 , 28
repressive society 9
Ringelmann effect 5 , 106 –107
ritual 40 , 57 –58 , 86 , 136 , 178 , 187 –188 , 193 , 197 , 200 , 266
role model 236 , 54 , 58 , 60 , 139 –140 , 145 , 147 , 163 , 214 , 218 , 240
role taking 125 , 135 , 175
Scheler, Max F. 4 , 6 , 123
selection of news (conditions) 206 –209
self
self-awareness 54 , 124 , 126 , 135 –136 , 175 , 176 –177
self-confidence 60 , 154
self-control 41n , 42 , 138 , 155
Self-Determination Theory (SDT) 6 , 168 –169
self-image 72 , 153 , 206 –207
significant others 53 –54 , 125
significant symbols 6 , 175 –178
sociability 131
social
social capital 21 , 22 , 77 , 89
social class 70 , 71 –98
lower social classes 68 –98 , 196 , 198 , 207
middle social classes 63 , 68 , 71 –72 , 77 , 83 , 88 , 90 –93 , 96 , 200
social class affiliation 72 , 76 –80 , 89 , 92 , 96 , 239
upper social classes 71 –73 , 77 , 83 , 88 –98 , 144 , 181 , 200 , 208 , 217
Social Darwinist principle 32
social facilitation 5 , 117 , 118
social group 99 , 100 –121
social inhibition 118
social institution 6 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 20 –22 , 152
social loafing 107 –108 , 111
social media 60 , 148 , 205n , 225 , 237 , 261 , 278
social position 19n , 32 , 55 , 70 , 76 , 91
social psychology 12 , 172
social recognition 6 , 61 , 128 –148 , 150 , 172 , 181 , 217 , 263 –264
social role 19n , 20 , 55
social significance of sport 158 –159
social space 76
social specificity of sport 6 –7 , 148 , 263 –264
social stratification 69 see social class
social theory 12
social world of sport 2 –3 , 7 , 12 , 122n
sociality 131
socialization 10 –12 , 41n , 53 , 54 , 52 –98 , 195 , 100 , 179 , 270 , 272 , 280 , 283
primary socialization 53n , 62 , 280
secondary socialization 54n
socialization process 10 , 12 , 54 , 97
socialization theory 53n
society 9
sociocultural birth 53
sociogram 101 –104
sociology 9 –14 , 11
macrosociology 10
microsociology 11 , 13
sociology of sport 15
range of topics 15 –16
sociomatrix 101 –102
sociometry 101 –105
sport 3
sport appeal 168 , 171
sport as a social phenomenon 30 , 128 , 151 , 153
sport as art 9 , 138 , 171
sport club 33 –34 , 68 , 89 , 100 , 105 , 140 , 158 , 176 , 181 , 208 , 217 , 225 , 252 –254 , 267
Sport Cohesiveness Questionnaire (SCQ) 113 –114
sport economy 243 , 244 –262
sport marketing 254 , see marketing
sport organization 163 , 200 , 225 , 246 , 254 , 259 –261
sport participation 21 , 27 , 33 –34 , 43 , 61 –62 , 72 –76 , 84 , 154 , 250
sport practice 20 , 77 , 234 , 271
sport spectators, 6 , 117 –121 , 139 –140 , 183 –203
sport sponsoring / sport sponsorship 7 , 246 , 245 –252
sponsoring measures 246
sponsorship package 246 –247
title sponsorship 246
sportainment 231
sporting culture 32 , 68 , 96
sporting identity 13 , 154 –159 , 176 , 263
sportization 30 , 165
stacking 144 –145
status 71
stereotypes 20 , 140 , 206 , 209 , 268
Steiner’s Taxonomy of Tasks 109 –110
structural functionalism 13 , 17 –18 , 22
suicide 131 –133
symbolic interactionism 13 , 22 , 173n
systems theory 13 , 16 –17 , 22
taking over of roles 175
taste 80 –81
technique of the body (sport as a) 56 –57
theory 16
totalitarian society 9
transmission rights 259
trend sports 44 , 45 , 46
tribal society 9
types of group 99 –100
types of social subjectivity 6 , 135 –138
types of society 9
unity of action and representation 6 , 151 , 153 , 155 , 172 , 178 , 263 –264
universal form of communication (sport as a) 155
urbanization 41 , 59
validity 28
values 10 , 19 , 32 , 33 , 39 –41 , 54 , 63 , 71 , 99 , 134 , 149 , 153 –155 , 160 , 177 , 198 , 264
variable 25 , 28
Veblen, Thorstein B. 30 , 92 , 129
violence
in society 38 –43 , 239 –241
in sport 85 –86 , 191 –203 , 239 –241
voluntary positions in sport clubs 253
Weber, Max 1 , 37
welfare economic cost-benefit model of mass and leisure sport 5 , 50
wolf-children 52 –53
world-openness 5 , 123 , 124