| Figures | ||
| 2.1 | Responses of “the differences between WCUs and RUs in education” (multiple answers). | 21 |
| 2.2 | Choices of respondents from different countries/regions on the differences between WCUs and RUs in education. | 24 |
| 2.3 | Responses of “the differences between WCUs and RUs in research” (multiple answers). | 25 |
| 2.4 | Choices of respondents from different countries/regions on the differences between WCUs and RUs in research. | 25 |
| 2.5 | Responses of “the differences between WCUs and RUs in service” (multiple answers). | 30 |
| 2.6 | Choices of respondents from different countries/regions on the differences between WCUs and RUs in service. | 31 |
| 2.7 | Respondents’ views on the dimensions of a special function based on their geographic locations. | 35 |
| 2.8 | Comparison of responses between university leaders and international experts. | 35 |
| 3.1 | Number of published papers in Scopus, world, 1996 to 2018 (from NSB, 2020, table S5A-32). | 51 |
| 3.2 | Annual rate of growth (%) between 2000 and 2018 in the number of published science papers, nations above the world average growth rate of 4.95% and over 5000 papers in 2018, plus the six largest nations in total papers in 2018, not already included (based on NSB, 2020, table S5A-2; World Bank, 2020). | 52 |
| 3.3 | Model of global science system and national science systems. | 59 |
| 3.4 | Growth of international co-authored papers compared to growth of nation-only co-authored papers, world and major research systems: 2018 compared to 2006 (2006 = 1.00) (based on data from NSB, 2020, table S5A-32). | 67 |
| 4.1 | WCU concentration index (2004) (Source: ARWU and World Population Data). | 86 |
| 4.2 | WCU concentration index (2019) (Source: ARWU and World Population Data). | 86 |
| 4.3 | Proportion of black students (2018) (Source: Higher Education Statistics Authority). | 94 |
| 5.1 | Indicators used by the most prestigious rankings in order to evaluate university quality. | 117 |
| 5.2 | Conceptual model of transformative quality (adapted from Shindler et al., 2015). | 118 |
| 5.3 | Improving reputation and prestige with little impact, if any, in its transformative quality. | 119 |
| 5.4 | Working towards reputation, prestige and quality. | 120 |
| 7.1 | Strategic formation of research centres and system reform. | 147 |
| 7.2 | Prioritized areas for realizing world-leading research. | 148 |
| 7.3 | Tohoku University Vision 2030. | 149 |
| 8.1 | Focus of STJU’s strategic plans in the past 20 years. | 162 |
| 9.1 | Full-time ladder-rank and clinical faculty. | 175 |
| 9.2 | Four-year graduation rates. | 176 |
| 9.3 | Six-year graduation rates. | 176 |
| 10.1 | Research awards to the University of Minnesota for fiscal year 2018 shown by the source of funds (from https://regents.umn.edu/sites/regents.umn.edu/files/2019-08/docket-board_of_regents-feb2019.pdf). | 186 |
| 10.2 | A schematic diagram of the Solar Assisted Large Scale Cleaning System (SALSCS) (by David Pui, University of Minnesota). | 194 |
| 10.3 | A photograph of the SALSCS built in Xi’an, China (by David Pui, University of Minnesota). | 194 |
| Tables | ||
| 2.1 | Case universities for data analysis. | 18 |
| 2.2 | Basic information of the interviewees. | 19 |
| 2.3 | General profile of survey respondents. | 20 |
| 2.4 | A comparison of education between WCUs and RUs based on AGIL scheme. | 22 |
| 2.5 | A comparison of research between WCUs and RUs based on AGIL scheme. | 26 |
| 2.6 | A comparison of service between WCUs and RUs based on AGIL scheme. | 28 |
| 2.7 | Respondents’ perspective on WCUs’ special functions (multiple answers). | 34 |
| 3.1 | Deconcentration of country shares of world science paper output: 1987 to 2016. | 53 |
| 3.2 | Growth of international co-authored papers compared to growth of nation-only co-authored papers, world and 42 research systems: 2018 compared to 2006 (2006 = 1.00). | 68 |
| 4.1 | Country rankings based on the ARWU results for the top 200 universities (2004 and 2019). | 85 |
| 4.2 | Comparison of 2004 and 2019 results. | 87 |
| 4.3 | List of top 100 universities with highest progress since 2004. | 88 |
| 4.4 | List of top 100 universities with greatest decline since 2004. | 89 |
| 4.5 | Selection modalities of leaders of top 100 universities in ARWU (2004–2019). | 91 |
| 4.6 | Proportion of low-income students at top U.S. universities. | 93 |
| 4.7 | Proportion of students from state schools enrolled in top 100 British universities (2018–2019). | 95 |
| 4.8 | Likelihood of participating in tertiary education relative to parents’ educational attainment (2012). | 96 |
| 4.9 | Corruption ranking and excellence ranking in Colombia (2017). | 100 |
| 4.10 | Comparison of SDG and ARWU. | 105 |
| 10.1 | Results of the Office of Technology Commercialization. | 187 |
| 10.2 | Annual research spending by the top ten public universities. | 189 |
| 10.3 | Distribution of start-up companies by industry sector. | 190 |
| 11.1 | McDonnell International Scholars Academy partner universities as of 2019. | 205 |
| 11.2 | Career paths of McDonnell Scholar alumni. | 207 |
List of Figures and Tables
In: World-Class Universities
Editors:
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Nian Cai Liu
Nian Cai Liu
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Yan Wu
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Qi Wang
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