Figures
1 Cases registered under the ICSID Convention and Additional Facility Rules 13
2 Top 20 investor economies (2015–2016) 14
3 FDI inflows and outflows (2012–2018) 14
4 Most promising investor economies for FDI (2017–2019) 15
5 Annual growth of Chinese BITs (1982–2015) 24
6a Changes in national investment policies – trend (1992–2016) 30
6b Changes in national investment policies – number of measures (2002–2016) 31
7 Chinese outward FDI – annual flow (1992–2015) 37
Tables
1 BITs concluded by G7 States (plus Switzerland and Sweden) 10
2 First Chinese BITs 25
3 Novel topics – IIA coverage in recent Chinese IIAs (from 2008 on, selected) 39
4 Chinese and European model BITs – sequence of provisions 63
5 European and Chinese model BITs – application 68
6 Chinese model BITs – definition of investment 74
7 European and Chinese model BITs – definition of investment 76
8 PRC IIAs – Ratione legis in the definition of investment 84
9 PRC BITs– objective criteria in the definition of investment 95
10 Express mention of ‘indirect investment’ (selected IIAs) 98
11 Investment indirect ownership and/or control in recent Chinese IIAs: presence and definition 101
12 Investment definition in 2008–2009 Asia-Pacific IIA 114
13 China-Canada BIT – definition of investment 120
14 China-Chile SAI – definition of investment 126
15 Chinese model BITs – returns 128
16 Returns – Definition in PRC, UK, DE model BITs, plus PRC-DE BIT 129
17 ISDS in Chinese IIAs 150
18 Expropriation characteristics in Chinese IIAs 186
19 Compensation due to expropriation: characteristics and criteria 202
20 MFN in Chinese IIAs 244
21 NT in Chinese IIAs 296
22 FET, FPS, MST, and PAD in Chinese IIAs 354