Index
NOTE: not included:
entries in tables & data summaries in Chapter 3 (including references to States mentioned only or chiefly there)
terms/concepts having a dedicated section in the table of contents and/or appearing throughout the text (e.g., China, national treatment, fair and equitable treatment, investment, investor-State arbitration)
Administrative
Authorities
136, 174n
Court/Tribunal
30n, 50, 68n, 136, 139, 162n, 173n
Law/Regulation/Norm see law Proceedings
327, 344, 386
Review
84, 135, 136, 145, 156–158n, 163n, 170, 391
Special Regions (China)
4
Admissibility
80, 82, 83
ASEAN
2, 4, 5, 9n, 10, 39, 42, 57, 73, 89, 96, 101–103, 110, 130, 235, 394
China-ASEAN Investment Agreement
16n, 18n, 29n, 32–33, 48, 132n, 138n, 142–143, 168, 230n, 233–234, 327, 331, 335, 339, 393
Australia
25, 42, 43, 55n, 57, 69, 102, 394
China-Australia BIT (1988)
35, 65, 85, 97, 143, 330
China Australia FTA (2015)
16n, 32, 34, 39, 41–42, 48, 89, 96, 100, 134–136, 138, 140, 141n, 164 175n, 230, 233, 287–288, 324
Treaty practice
113
Bona fide see good faith
Brazil
15–18, 29, 106
BRICS
13, 15–18, 31
British see UK
Canada
9, 10, 12, 18n, 25, 28, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38–43, 48, 55–56n, 61, 73, 80, 89, 94, 99, 103–104, 107, 111–113, 116, 120–127, 137–141
Model BIT
71, 73, 97, 103–105, 111–113, 133–134, 138, 228, 230, 231, 233, 282, 328, 331, 334, 335
compensation
19, 27, 61–62, 63, 99
(amount of) due to expropriation
8, 27, 35, 46, 47, 49, 133–135, 139, 144–147, 167–170, 202–224, 390
characteristics
167, 178–186
Domestic court
7, 30n, 135–140, 144n
Administrative see administrative court/tribunal
Due process
19, 166–167, 173n
Economy
Capital-exporting
2, 4, 6, 9n, 17, 23, 25, 28, 49, 60n, 70, 138–140, 166, 170, 393
Capital-importing
1, 6, 28, 58, 60n, 70, 100n, 107, 138, 166
Developed
12, 36, 26–27, 28n, 33, 36, 41, 70, 100n, 110, 135, 138, 165, 177, 393
Developing
6, 8, 9n, 10, 12, 15, 19, 23, 25–27, 28n, 60, 70, 100n, 133, 165, 169, 177, 396
Emerging
4, 15
Liberal see Western
Market
36, 43, 52–54, 102–103, 110, 394
Most-promising see emerging
OECD see Western
Private
109
Socialist
20n, 21–22, 52–54,
Western
3, 43, 48, 55, 393
Enforcement
21n, 41, 49, 51
Environment
3, 12, 37–42, 44, 56, 394
EU (European Union)
10, 11n, 12, 13, 17n, 37–38, 50, 54n, 73, 92, 132, 232, 234, 285, 394–396
China-EU BIT
4, 42–45
France
1, 2, 7, 9n, 10, 11n, 17n, 20n, 23, 25, 29n, 55n, 65n, 88, 95, 97, 101, 142, 229, 230, 283, 392
Model BIT
62n, 81n, 97n, 134n, 138, 166, 167, 171, 174, 226n, 229, 281n, 325–326n, 328, 330–331, 339n
Treaty practice
80
G7
8, 10, 62, 167
Germany
2, 6–11, 17–18n, 23, 25, 26n, 31, 87, 95, 101, 133, 142, 391
China-Germany BIT (1983)
65, 67n, 69, 106, 129
China-Germany BIT (2003)
28, 29, 48, 69, 74, 92, 93–94, 97–98, 100, 102, 105, 108, 110, 113, 139n,
Legal system
50
Model BIT
61, 62, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76n, 79, 80, 82, 97–98, 102, 105, 106, 107, 112, 130, 134, 138, 164–170, 172–174, 226, 228, 230, 281–282, 325, 328, 330, 331, 334–336, 339–340, 391–393
Treaty practice
66n, 71, 80, 92n, 105, 106, 129, 228
West see Germany
Good faith
50, 82, 91, 93
Great Leap Forward
1, 21
Hull Rule
33, 164, 167
India
10n, 15–17, 29, 34n, 42, 60
Italy
7, 10, 17n, 23, 25, 26, 29, 34, 49, 55n, 80, 84, 132, 392
Legal system
50n
model BIT
66n, 71n, 81, 97n, 133–134, 138–139, 168, 169, 171, 226, 228, 230, 281n, 283, 325n, 326–327, 328, 330–331, 334–336, 339n
treaty practice
72, 173
Japan
9n, 10, 16n, 25, 34n, 42, 48, 54n, 56, 80, 85, 100n, 135, 142, 395
China-Japan-South Korea Investment Agreement
2, 18, 29, 32, 35, 40, 84, 89, 96, 99, 101, 104n, 132–133n, 141n, 165, 169, 172, 235n, 287–288, 329–330, 338
Jurisdiction
80, 82, 100, 392
Administrative court see administrative court
Arbitral tribunal see arbitral tribunal
Domestic court see domestic court
Ratione legis
65, 68–70, 72–73, 80–92, 102–104, 106, 107, 110, 131, 337
Ratione loci
69–70, 72, 80, 106
Ratione materiae
72–73, 100, 390
Ratione personae
72–73, 80, 106
Ratione temporis
69–70, 72–73
Law (incl. rule, regulation)
Administrative
81, 83
Domestic
23, 28, 31, 49–50, 67–68, 79, 81, 83–84, 103, 107, 118–127, 167, 177 187–201, 231–232, 240, 245–281, 324, 332, 337, 346, 352, 392
Environmental see environment
International
4, 19, 20 61, 93n, 164, 174n, 329, 347, 396n
Customary
329, 331, 338, 346, 348, 349
Principles
329, 338, 346, 380, 384
Liberalization
10, 24, 29, 31, 33, 44, 55, 71, 74n, 394
Market
access see liberalization
domestic
45, 395
single
51
Mexico
60, 89, 96, 101, 138, 230, 233, 325, 329, 335, 338, 340n
NAFTA
10, 36, 38, 111n, 235, 283–284, 288n, 338, 391, 394
Netherlands
7, 8, 9n, 10, 11n, 17, 26, 142, 230
China-Netherlands BIT (1987)
47
China-Netherlands BIT (2001)
77–78n, 84, 87, 149, 166, 169, 280
Model BIT
26, 62, 71n, 80, 133–134, 138, 139n, 164, 166–167, 168n, 169, 171–174, 226, 228, 230, 281–283, 325–326n, 328, 330, 331–332, 333n, 334–336, 339, 392
Treaty practice
72, 80
New Zealand
20, 42, 69, 102, 109, 394
China-New Zealand FTA (2008)
2, 16n, 18n, 32–33, 36, 38n, 39–40, 48, 85, 89, 95, 98, 101, 108, 132n, 138n, 141n, 142, 229, 233–234, 327, 331, 339, 393
North America
10, 226
BIT model / template / standard
18, 34, 40, 41, 48, 66, 73, 89n, 99, 104, 107, 113, 133, 137–139, 147, 227, 230n, 231–232, 235, 284, 285, 288, 325, 327, 328, 333, 335, 339, 353, 391–392, 394
Treaty practice
282, 284, 338, 340, 391
Pacta sunt servanda
50
Property
19, 20n, 53, 71
Right see right to property
public health
40–42, 56, 165, 353
public welfare
12, 42, 65
Ratione legis jurisdiction / requirement / condition see jurisdiction
Ratione loci jurisdiction / requirement / condition see jurisdiction
Ratione materiae jurisdiction / requirement / condition see jurisdiction
Ratione personae jurisdiction / requirement / condition see jurisdiction
Ratione temporis jurisdiction / requirement / condition see jurisdiction
Right
Contractual
22, 71n, 73, 105–112
Economic
338
Environment see environment
Human
12, 145n, 287
In rem see contractual right
Investor
29, 35, 43
Labor
38, 40
Procedural
41, 140, 396
Property see contractual right
To regulate
12, 19, 29 44n, 70, 80, 81n,
To review
173–174
Regulation see law
Romania
7n, 25, 26n, 36, 65n, 97
Rule see law
Russia
15–16, 242n
Salini test
91n, 93, 229, 394
South Africa
11n, 17, 28, 47
South Korea
34, 133
China-South Korea BIT (2007)
35, 95, 101, 142–143, 229
China-South Korea FTA (2015)
2, 32, 35, 40–42, 48, 88–89, 96, 102, 135, 138n, 141n, 169, 287–288, 325, 327, 329–330, 336–338
China-South Korea-Japan Investment Agreement (2012) see Japan
Sovereignty
8, 19, 22, 27, 67, 103, 113, 390, 393, 396
Soviet Union see USSR
Sweden
7, 10, 15, 22, 23, 25, 36, 46, 65, 69n, 80, 83, 105n, 128, 129, 132, 142, 171, 233
China-Sweden BIT see Sweden
Treaty practice see Sweden
Switzerland
2, 7n, 9n, 10, 17n, 25, 34–35, 80, 89, 96, 101, 141n, 142, 168, 230, 287
China-Switzerland BIT see Switzerland
Treaty practice see Switzerland
Transparency
51, 56–57, 396–397
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (FCN)
7, 9
Tribunal
Arbitral
5, 21n, 41, 81n, 82, 91, 94, 130n, 138n, 139, 152n, 338, 392, 397
Administrative see administrative court
Domestic see domestic court
UNCITRAL
5, 12, 37, 44n, 59, 395–396
Arbitration rules
137–139
UK (United Kingdom)
1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 20, 23, 25, 49, 84, 132, 391–392
China-UK BIT (1986)
26, 46, 69n, 280, 285, 330
Model BIT
26, 61–62, 63, 66n, 67–69, 70–72, 74, 76–80, 82, 97–98, 102, 105–110, 114–116, 120n, 129–130, 133–134, 138, 139n, 165–169, 171–174, 226, 227n, 228, 230, 232, 236n, 239n, 281–285, 325n, 326–328, 331, 334–337, 339, 391–392
Treaty practice
7n, 11n, 16, 17, 103n, 128, 130, 165, 228, 330, 334
US (United States)
1, 4, 61,
Model BIT
62, 66n, 70, 71n, 73, 76–78n, 79, 80, 90, 92, 93, 96n, 97, 100, 102–105, 106n, 107–127, 133–134, 137–138, 139n, 164–167, 169–173, 174n, 175, 226n, 228, 230–234, 235n, 239n, 281–284, 285n, 288, 289n, 325–326n, 327–328, 330–331, 334, 338
USSR
9, 16, 20n, 21, 54, 106, 166, 171, 242n, 327
Value
Economic
53, 75, 77, 106–108
Market
170, 171, 173, 180–181, 184–185, 203–225