Index
Page numbers in bold refer to tables; page numbers in italics refer to figures; ‘n’ after a page number indicates the footnote number.
2011 Uprisings (Middle East)
14
,
153
,
154 –155
,
162
,
172 –173
,
175
Arab Transformations Project
245
authoritarianism
241
Christianity/Christians and
182
,
185
,
186 –188
Copts in Egypt and
188
,
198
,
199
Egypt
172 –173
,
205 –206
,
241
,
243
,
248
Iraq
205 –206
Syria
172
,
187
,
241
women’s rights and
15
,
241 –244
,
249 –250
acculturation
30
acculturation stress
597
assimilation through
169
consonant/dissonant/selective acculturation
576
Copts
42
,
600
,
602
,
611
,
613
,
636 –637
ʿAflaq, Michel
178
Africa
489
sub-Saharan Africa
84
,
99
,
491
,
762
agnosticism
31
,
75
,
87
,
580
Catalonian public schools
31
,
782
young people
655
,
691
Ahamad al-Tayyib, Grand Imam of Al-Azhar
50
Alevism
112n7
animism
302
,
360
,
371
anti-migrants actors/discourse
7
,
25
,
99
,
371
,
391
US, anti-refugee sentiment
456
Arab Barometer
14
,
15
,
34
,
205
,
206
,
229
religious affiliations and social coexistence
Arab Transformations Project
15
,
231 –232
,
244
,
245
Archdiocese of Milan
Ambrosian Church
527
,
528
,
529
,
536
,
537 –538
,
546 –550
‘catholicity’
19
,
45
,
538
Catholic migrants in
532 –534
Catholics
19
,
527
,
535
challenges and opportunities posed by religious pluralism
529 –535
ecumenism
19
,
532
identity challenge and opportunity for interreligious dialogue
529 –531
interreligious dialogue
19
,
548 –549
Milan as cultural and religious melting pot
527 –529
Muslims in
19
,
529 –531
,
583
Orthodox Christianity in
19
,
531 –532
,
541
pastoral care and Ambrosian Church future
546 –550
pastoral challenge and chance for learning how to engage in self-reflection
532 –535
refugee crisis
19
,
527 –528
religious pluralism
393
,
546 –548
world-wide largest Catholic Diocese
17
,
44
Archdiocese of Milan: ‘Synod from the Peoples’
17
,
18 –19
,
44
‘The Church is bigger than our fences’
538 –545
on the Church’s organizational dimension
541 –542
consultative phase
44 –45
,
550
on the everyday life dimension
539 –540
inside a tradition
536
interculturality
545
,
546
,
547
as ‘minor’ synod
536 –537
on the pastoral dimension
542 –544
‘Pastoral of Foreign People’
526
,
537
as ‘prophetic enterprise’
19
,
526
reasons behind the Synod
535 –538
re-Christianization of the Ambrosian Diocese
549
on the theological dimension
544 –545
transformation of a city
526
Asia
84
,
176
,
489
al-Assad, Bashar
157
,
172
,
182
,
185 –186
,
187
al-Assad, Hafiz
157
,
185 –186
,
187
assimilation
458
Copts, positive assimilation
590
,
600
Middle East
185
segmented assimilation theory
576
asylum seekers
10
,
358
‘bogus’ asylum seekers/‘bogus’ requests
24
,
321
,
360 –363
,
365
Christian asylum seekers
58
,
62 –63
,
66 –67
ethics of hospitality: asylum speakers
70 –73
legal empowerment of
51
,
375
Muslims’ conversion to Christianity
54 –55n2
‘production’ of asylum seekers due to ‘religious wars’
335
religion and
30
unethical ambivalence of dominant narratives on
53
,
57 –58
asylum system
asylum system
5
,
51
delegitimization of the asylum system
4
,
363
as instrument to facilitate the expulsion of religious minorities
40
Islam and
30
Italy: asylum applications results
324
,
325
migration-asylum nexus
358
religion as filter
7
religious persecution and
28
,
54n2
,
71
right to appeal against a refused asylum application
68n23
Italian asylum seekers’ reception system and religion; religion in the assessment of asylum
atheism
74
,
84
,
87
,
287
,
327
,
580
as consequence of unjust suffering
378
freedom of religion or belief
112
religion and migrants coming from atheistic contexts
330
schools/public schools
664
,
665
,
714
young people
655
,
691
authoritarianism
391
,
577
2011 Uprisings
241
Egypt
190 –191
,
200
,
203
,
204
,
241
,
243
,
248
,
250
Europe
210
Middle East
157 –159
,
186 –187
,
188
right-wing authoritarianism
61
theocracy and
233
autocratic regimes
206
,
225
,
364
,
391
,
422
,
577
Baháʾi religion
48
,
327
,
331
,
336
,
338
,
341
,
342
,
406
Bangladesh
491
Beatbullying: Interfaith Project
717
,
719
,
737
Benedict xvi, Pope
504
,
505
Bergson, H.
108
biases
22
,
24
,
35
asylum seeking: cultural and political/ideological biases
35
,
370 –374
asylum seeking: technical biases
35
,
366 –370
religious-based biases
10
,
316
secularist bias
449 –450
,
453
Boko Haram
3
,
345
,
359
,
365
international protection for people under risk of violence by
361
as terrorist group
419 –420
violence and killing by
279
,
333
,
344
,
350
,
362
,
419
borders
331 –332
Bulgarian vigilantes at EU borders
55
,
57
externalization of borders’ control
36
Hungary/Serbia border
60 –61
management of
36
,
51
methodological nationalism: national borders as natural borders
40
non-refoulement principle and rejection at the frontier
119
securitization and closure of
64
state-borders
36
Bourdieu, P.
151
,
757
,
759
Buddhism
84
,
106
,
112n7
,
303
,
336
,
414
,
446
,
505
,
514
,
709
,
710
Soka Gakkai
106
,
306
,
414
Cameroon
347
,
383
Caritas
65 –66
,
321
,
323
,
395
,
527
Catalonia (Autonomous Community, Spain): reception of migratory flows
770
,
776
Catalonian public schools
22
,
673
,
780 –782
673
,
770
,
772
agnosticism
31
,
782
Catholicism/Catholic education
775
,
779
,
780
cultural diversity
770
,
771
,
772
,
773 –774
,
776
,
779
,
781
cultural diversity, actions/activities carried out while working on
774
Evangelical religion
775
,
779
Generalitat de Catalunya
770
,
772
,
773
intercultural education
773
,
780 –781
re curriculum
673
,
775
,
779
,
781
religious diversity
673
,
770
,
771
,
772
,
774 –776
,
780 –781
religious diversity, experiences about
776 –779
teachers
778
,
780
,
781
teachers’ training
776
,
777
,
779
,
780
,
781
Catholicism
Catholic Copts
590
Catholic priests/students’ circular migration
321
Catholic pro-migrant organizations
321 –322
,
324 –325
,
390
,
394
,
527 –528
Europe
658
‘flexible Catholicism’
664
,
691
France
767
,
768
Italy
15
,
31
,
88
,
267
,
296
,
304
,
305
,
311
,
231
,
393
,
661
,
691
,
709
Lateran Concordat
296
,
305
,
306
,
311
,
662
,
664
,
712
Lateran Pacts
267
,
296
,
305
prisons/prisoners
313
sacraments
88n18
Vatican City State
267
,
321
,
331
,
590
Archdiocese of Milan; Holy See
cedaw (Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women)
234 –235
gender equality
234 –235
mena countries and
235,
236 –238
, 242
Shariʿa law and women’s rights
children
adolescents, impact of wars and terrorism on
616
consequences of forced migration for children’s health
615 –616
custody of
310
education, right to
309 –310
,
311
family reunification
310 –311
,
601
integration of
517
kidnapping
333 –334
,
623 –624
,
627
,
629
mental health of migrant children
615
organ trafficking
334
persecution, trauma caused by
615 –618
ptsd (post-traumatic stress disorder)
616 –618
,
636
reception centers, underestimation of religious dimension
293 –294
secondary traumatization
616
unaccompanied minors
293 –294
,
322
,
358
,
677
violence, impact on children
615 –617
Coptic minors in Italy
China
415
migrants from
283
,
284
,
316
,
330
See also Church of God Almighty
Chirac, Jacques
758
Christianity
Bible
55n2
,
209
,
285
,
378
,
386
,
404
,
406
,
409
‘Christian counselling’
395
Christian fundamentalism
60 –61
Christian identity
62
,
87
,
99 –100
,
179
,
374
,
459
,
548
Christianist secularism
61
conversion to
54 –55n2
,
417 –418
,
439
,
575
,
592
‘culturalization’ of
99 –100
Europe
25
,
30
,
50
,
60
,
85 –87
,
93
,
99
,
106
,
107
France
93
Jesus Christ
210
,
327
,
332
,
383
,
406
,
409
,
412
,
544
,
607
,
608
reactive Christianity
61
,
99
Eastern Christian Churches; Evangelical Church; Jehovah’s Witnesses; Middle East: Christianity/Christians; Orthodox Christianity; Pentecostal churches
Christians
3
,
26
,
30
Christian asylum seekers
58
,
62 –63
,
66 –67
non-practicing Christians
61n12
,
87
,
99
Middle East: Christianity/Christians
Church of God Almighty
284
,
320
,
331
,
334
,
336
,
337
,
340
,
352
,
359 –360
,
363
,
368
,
384
,
417
citizenship ‘from below’
45
citizenship as legal status
42
,
51
,
72
citizenship practices: voice, exit, loyalty
419 –425
civil society and
42
Copts in Egypt
196
,
197
,
201
democratic citizenship
21
,
46
,
676
,
680
,
714
ethics of hospitality
71 –72
generative idea of
424
global citizenship
442
as main line of research
12
,
40 –46
,
54
,
405
,
682
Milan
529
‘new-generation’ citizenship
46 –47
participative citizenship
41
,
42
,
45
performances of citizenship
42
,
51
,
72
‘post-national’ idea of
420
religion and adaptation process
419 –425
religion and integration in North America
441 –442
‘responsible’ citizenship
47
rethinking the idea of
45
schools/public schools
670
,
674
,
676
,
682
,
714
transnational citizenship
49
,
514 –515
universal citizenship
514 –515
,
762
multi-cultural schools: religious freedom and citizenship
civil religion
80
‘global civil religion’
82
civil society
23
,
524
citizenship and
42
civil society’s actors as persecution agents
352
Copts in Egypt
194 –195
,
198
‘generative’ form of citizenship
42
integration and
47
,
462
,
463
Italian reception system and
388
Middle East
159
religion and integration in Western Europe
434
,
462 –463
cjeu (Court of Justice of the European Union)
13
,
71
,
121
,
122
,
123
,
271
,
362 –363
clash of civilizations
436
,
530
,
715
,
747
Cold War
145
,
166
,
436
common good
39
,
46 –50
ethics of hospitality
72 –73
fbos and
49
,
465
fbos, common good through interreligious dialogue
497 –503
,
498
as main line of research
12
,
46 –50
,
54
,
405
,
682
multi-religious social capital
12
,
54
,
419
,
425
primacy of the common good over that of the individual
49
,
513
principles shared by different religions
49
,
513
religion and
50
religion and adaptation process
416 –419
,
424
schools/public schools
670
,
675
,
682
,
714
Comte, A.
81
,
755
conflict
715
ambivalent function of
715 –716
Contact Theory
716
Group Conflict Theory
715
multi-cultural schools: interreligious conflicts
Conrad, J.: Heart of Darkness
59n6
conversion
asylum claim and right to conversion
362 –363
Christianity, conversion to
54 –55n2
,
417 –418
,
439
,
575
,
592
Islam, conversion to
107
,
618
,
623 –624
persecution in case of conversion
283
,
284 –285
,
491
reception aids and conversion
402 –403
religion and integration in North America
438 –439
right to conversion
113 –114
,
270
,
351
,
694
Coptic families in Italy
19
,
20
,
31
,
600
610
,
611
,
613
,
628
,
629 –630
,
635
acculturation
600
,
602
,
611
,
613
Churches, role played by
20
,
608 –610
,
611
comparing intergenerational perception and narratives
600 –601
,
602
,
610
distinctiveness of Coptic communities
606
,
611
,
612
,
613
,
614
gender roles
232 –233
,
602 –603
identity
20
,
34 –35
,
606 –608
,
611
,
614
interaction with Italian society
611
,
613 –614
martyrdom
28
,
31
,
604 –606
,
612
‘more religious’ in comparison to locals
606 –607
Muslims/Copts in Egypt relationship
607
,
612 –613
post-migration experiences among Coptic Orthodox families
600
,
602
,
608
,
614
pre-migration trauma
603 –604
,
611 –612
refugee status
279
religious leaders
608
,
609 –610
,
612
religious persecution
28
,
604 –606
research and methodology
600 –602
,
610
(self) isolation
41
,
613
,
614
separation from the home country
602
,
611
Coptic minors in Italy
19
,
20
,
31
,
34 –35
acculturative challenges
620
,
635
Church, role played by
20
,
42
,
636
discrimination and violence suffered in Egypt
622 –627
,
629 –631
,
635 –636
ethnic-religious identity
634
,
635
freedom and religious freedom
621 –622
,
627 –632
future
621
,
632 –634
integration
42
,
628 –629
,
633
intergenerational religious transmission
628
,
629 –630
,
635
labeled as ‘Muslims’
28 –29
,
631
martyrdom
620
,
635
memories
625
,
626
parent-child interaction
20
,
625
,
626
,
627
,
635
relationship with country of origin
633
,
635
religious identity and home country
635
religious persecution
620
,
621
,
625
,
629 –630
,
635
research and methodology
620 –621
sacrifices made by parents
628
,
629
,
630
,
632
,
633
,
634
violence and fear
621
,
622 –627
children
Copts
589
acculturation
42
,
600
,
602
,
611
,
613
,
636 –637
assimilation (positive)
590
,
600
as autonomous ethnic category
181
Catholic Copts
590
‘Coptic Diaspora’
598n1
,
635
,
636
Coptic Diaspora in Italy
19 –20
,
26
,
41
,
589
,
590 –592
,
594 –595
,
601
,
605
Coptic identity
42
,
193 –194
,
613
,
618
,
619
,
636 –637
‘Copts/Coptic Churches in the lands of immigration’
598n1
cross-culturalism
636 –637
demographics
189 –190
discrimination in Italy
490
Egypt–North Italy migration chains
335
heritage identity
20
,
600
,
620
,
635
,
636
invisibility of Copts in Italy
28
,
594
,
613
,
632
Italy/Middle East Coptic community relationship
589
religion as social marker
618
religious persecution
586
terrorist attacks and Coptic Church in Italy
592 –594
upward mobility
589
,
637
violence suffered by
586
Coptic families in Italy; Coptic minors in Italy; Copts in Egypt
Copts in Egypt
3
,
14
,
26 –27
,
29
,
187
26
,
41
,
181
,
184
,
194
,
589
,
594
2011 Uprising
188
,
198
,
199
2011 Uprising, aftermath of
188
,
198 –203
Alexandria Church, bombing of
193
,
198 –199
,
202
,
335
,
593
citizenship
196
,
197
,
201
civil society
194 –195
,
198
demographics
189 –190
discrimination
188
,
189
,
197
,
340 –341
,
342
,
586
,
592
,
593
,
603 –604
,
611
,
619
,
622 –627
,
629 –631
,
635 –636
dissident movement
203 –204
ethno-religious identity
196
identity politics
190
Islamist terrorism
190
,
192
,
198 –203
,
335
,
592 –593
,
627
kidnappings
199 –200
al-Kosheh incidents
192 –193n1
Maspero massacre
200
Maspero Youth Union
200
Morsi, Muhammad
190
,
200 –201
Mubarak’s regime
190 –198
al-Nasser, Gamal ʿAbd
188
,
191
,
195
,
201 –202
ndp (National Democratic Party)
196
,
197
political, social and economic condition of
182
,
197 –198
reformation and resilience: Church’s strategies
193 –198
regime-Church relations
195 –196
,
198
,
199
,
201 –203
,
204
religious strife
190 –193
al-Sadat, Anwar
188 –189
,
190
,
192
scaf (Supreme Council of the Armed Forces)
190
,
200
sectarianism
190 –192
,
199
sectarian violence
188
,
190
,
192 –193
,
198 –203
,
279
,
334
,
335
,
592 –593
,
604
,
619
,
622 –625
,
626
al-Sisi, Abd al-Fattah
188
,
201 –203
,
204
youth political activism
198
,
199
,
200
,
203 –204
Copts; Egypt; Middle East: Christianity/Christians
Council of Europe
66 –67
on religious education
660
,
661
,
666
,
713
White paper on Intercultural dialogue in Europe
666n11
crucifix
107
,
312
,
592
,
618
,
666n10
,
687
,
725
,
732
Coptic Christians: cross tattoos
328
,
618
religious symbols
culture
Catalonian public schools: cultural diversity
770
,
771
,
772
,
773 –774
,
774
,
776
,
779
,
781
cultural crimes
298 –299
cultural isolationism
576
culturalization of religion
25
,
30
,
52
,
99 –100
,
464
culture/prayer link
410
culture/religion link
505
,
707
host countries: cultural distance from sending countries
366 –367
,
370 –371
religious pluralism as source of cultural enrichment
107
schools/public schools: cultural change
655
,
709
acculturation; interculturalism
death
during the migration journey
383
at sea
400 –401
Terror Management Theory and
611 –612
debt
378
De Gaulle, Charles
759
dehumanization
11
,
24
,
53
,
58
,
63
,
67
refugee camps
68
rehumanization
Delpini, Mario, Archbishop of Milan
526
,
535 –536
democracy
intercultural dialogue as means to foster democracy
666n11
Italy
267
,
415
lack of democracy in sending countries
5
participatory democracy
441
primacy of Shariʿa over democratic consensus
210
,
213
,
214
religion, individual freedom, and quality of democracy
355
religious freedom and
5
,
33
,
35
,
37
,
38
,
411
,
415
,
422 –423
religious pluralism and
15
religious rights and
5
,
693
schools/public schools as training grounds for democratic citizenship
21
,
46
,
676
,
680
,
714
‘tired’ democracies
422
Western democracy: based on separation of religious and political powers
233
Western democracy/Shariʿa compatibility
213
,
214
,
215
demonizing narratives
58
,
60 –62
,
64
,
455
,
612
Denmark
461
,
599 –600
Derrida, J.
69
detention centers (immigration detention centers)
64
290 –291
caged animals
58 –60
detention centers for repatriation
287n26
,
290 –292
post-migration traumas
597
protest and resistance
68 –69
women in
58 –59
,
69
Yarl’s Wood Immigration Removal Centre, UK
58 –59
,
68 –69
reception centers
Dialogue for Integration–a Multi-Faith Approach
519
diet and school menus
313
,
476
,
754
,
773
Diocese of Milan
see Archdiocese of Milan
discrimination
France: ethnic discrimination
760
,
762
gender discrimination
33
,
231
,
234
,
694
International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
296
Italy
32
religious discrimination
diversity
see Middle East: diversity; religious diversity
Diversity Value
47
drama triangle
64
,
65
drug dealing
318
,
346
,
591
Dublin agreement
15
Durkheim, E.
76 –77
,
80
,
94
,
755
easo (European Asylum Support Office)
277
,
290
Eastern Christian Churches
179
,
599 –600
Middle Eastern Christians
19
,
178 –179
,
183
,
188
,
599 –600
Copts
echr (European Convention on Human Rights)
112
,
113
,
114
,
115
,
118
,
119
,
120
,
679
economic migration
5
,
7
economic/humanitarian migrants distinction
323 –324
ecumenism
19
,
180
,
322
,
483
Archdiocese of Milan
19
,
532
interreligious dialogue
education
770
,
782
Catalonian public schools: Catholic education
775
,
779
,
780
France: Catholicism
757
,
767
France: state/private religious education systems
756 –757
intercultural education
665
,
713
,
714
,
760
,
771 –772
,
773
,
780 –781
Italy, Catholic education in public schools
311
,
661
,
664
,
702
public officials, education in religious matters
525
religion and
20
religious discrimination in
337 –339
,
340
religious pluralism, education in
15
,
38
,
391
,
393
,
410
,
415
right to education
309 –310
,
311
school curriculum
710 –711n4
schools/public schools; Spain
Egypt
26
2011 Uprising
172 –173
,
205 –206
,
241
,
243
,
248
authoritarianism
190 –191
,
200
,
203
,
204
,
241
,
248
,
250
Christians/Muslims coexistence
226
communalism
175
economic, social and political challenges
191 –192
Islamization/Islamism
185
,
188 –189
,
190
,
194
,
199
,
248
,
250
,
328
,
618
largest Christian population in the region
176
Muslim Brotherhood
161
,
166
,
190
,
191
,
196
,
200
,
240
,
243
,
335
Nasserist Egypt
157
,
159
,
161
,
168
,
191
nationalism, replaced by religion
29
,
190
polarization
192
,
193
,
201
religious affiliations and social coexistence
205
,
215
,
226
religious freedom as absolute right
279
women’s rights/gender equality
242 –243
,
247
,
248
,
250
Copts in Egypt; Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
empowerment
disempowering factors
381
legal empowerment of migrants
51
,
375
religion/spirituality and
381 –382
Enlightenment
109
,
444
,
657
,
755
,
756
Eritrea
328 –329
,
338 –339
,
386
Gèéz ritual
409
ethics
global ethics
18
,
49
,
512
human rights/religious rights ethical conflicts
693 –694
transcendent ethical norms
49
,
82
agents of transgression
54 –55
asylum speakers
70 –73
Beautiful Souls
63 –65
caged animals
58 –60
Christian refugees = Muslim terrorists
61 –63
citizenship
71 –72
common good
72 –73
conditions for
53
de-instrumentalization of religion
11
,
53
freedom of religion
70 –71
identity
70
Muslim intruders
60 –61
‘post-secular’ hospitality
12
,
53
,
70
recognition of the (religious) identity of migrants
29
,
69
rehumanization/returning refugees their human subjectivity
11 –12
,
29
,
53
re-persecuted (non-Muslim) refugees
65 –67
Too Much Like Us
55 –58
zombipolitics
63
,
67 –70
hospitality
ethics of ‘hostipitality’
69
,
72
Ethiopia
322
,
337
,
382
ethnicity
Christianity as neo-ethnic badge
100
Copts, ethnic-religious identity
634
,
635
ethnicization of school violence
717
ethnic minorities
6
ethnic missions
100 –101
ethnocentrism
360
ethno-nationalism
169
ethno-symbolism
154
France: ethnic discrimination
760
,
762
French republican schools: ethnic diversity
761
,
762
interethnic relationships in public schools
669 –670
Middle East: ethno-linguistic diversity
147
,
148
,
162
,
164 –165
,
181
multi-cultural schools: interethnic conflict/violence
717
,
720
,
748
religion/ethnicity lack of distinction
490
religion and multi-ethnic cohabitation
515 –518
,
519
schools/public schools multi-ethnicity
20
,
663
,
679
,
694
EU (European Union)
42
Charter of Fundamental Rights
115
Directive 2011/95/EU
13
,
116
,
117
,
118
,
120
,
121
EU quotas on refugees
61
,
458
gamm, external migration policy
27
religion and integration
462 –463
religious freedom and refugee status: EU/European law
13
,
24
,
111 –115
,
116
,
118
,
120
,
123
Europe
authoritarianism
210
Catholicism
658
Christian asylum seekers in
62
,
66
Christianity in
25
,
30
,
50
,
60
,
85 –87
,
93
,
99
,
106
,
107
de-secularization
85
European religious identity and migration
4 –5
,
25
,
60
,
99
European secularism
484
,
497
Europe/US comparison
7 –8
,
85
Islam
86
,
107
,
658
Judaism
86
Lutheran-Protestantism
658
migration regimes
3
,
6
,
23
Orthodoxy
658
refugee crisis
3
,
7
,
58
,
455
,
458
,
463
religion
5
,
8
,
12
,
84 –89
,
93 –94
,
445
,
658
religious education in
659 –661
religious freedom
587
religious pluralism
105 –107
secularization process
87
,
209 –210
temporary nature of migration
6
,
22
,
444
post-secular society; religion and integration in Western Europe
European Court of Human Rights
13
,
118 –120
,
121
,
123
,
300
,
302
European Integration Agenda
42
European Orthodox-Catholic Forum
50
exploitation
as cheap labor force
320
sexual exploitation
318
,
346
Evangelical Church
305
,
442
,
510
Catalonian public schools
775
,
779
Evangelical Christians
330
,
337 –339
,
343
,
359 –360
,
384 –385
,
397
,
402
,
410
,
689
integration and
10
intergenerational transmission of disadvantages
713
multi-cultural schools: school-family dialogue
696
,
703 –706
religion and socialization processes
573
,
696 –697
right to family reunion
310 –311
school-family interface as keystone for religious socialization
695 –703
intergenerational religious transmission and migration
fanaticism
229
,
506
,
530
,
660
,
667n12
,
760
fatalism
377
,
383
fbos (faith-based organizations)
51
adaptation process and support
48
,
325
,
440 –441
,
517 –518
,
522
,
524
as advocacy actors
323
,
518
attending to migrants’ needs
43 –44
,
48 –49
capacity building
44
Catholic pro-migrant organizations
321 –322
,
324 –325
,
390
,
394
,
527 –528
common good
49
,
465
cooperation between fbos
523 –524
empowerment
466
‘fake’ fbos
318
,
320 –321
in host countries
517
institutional theory
317
integration and
10
,
17
,
43
,
44
,
440 –441
,
460
,
462
,
517 –518
,
598
interreligious dialogue and cooperation
49
,
441
,
523 –524
migration industry and
318
migration policies and
523
promoting civicness
466
as push/pull migration actors
39 –40
,
48
,
317 –325
reception centers and
325
religious identities and practices in the public space
51
in sending countries
517
as smuggling organizations
320
social cohesion and
17
social inclusion and
463
training, certification and professionalization of workers for
524
in transit countries
517
volunteering
524
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices
18
,
39
,
43
,
44 –45
,
464
advocacy and dialogue with public institutions (case study)
467
,
469 –470,
471 –472,
497 –499
agil scheme (Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration, Latent pattern maintenance)
495 –496
,
496
belonging to a fbos and public thematization of the religious dimension
464
,
483 –484
case studies
467
,
468
,
469 –483
common good through interreligious dialogue
497 –503
,
498
fbos’ actions and articulation of the religious dimension
502 –503
,
502
Greimas/semiotic square
469
,
483
, 484 –488
, 485 –488
,
497
host societies
44
,
495
integration and training services (case study)
467
,
470
,
473
, 474 –476,
499 –500
interreligious dialogue proposals (case study)
467
,
476,
479 –482,
500 –501
migration/religious persecution link in fbos’ reception/acceptance practices
489 –497
migratory processes and religious dimension in migrant narratives
496
operators/migrants relationship
39
,
467
,
490
,
497
,
503
reception services and response to needs (case study)
467
,
473
,
476
, 477 –479,
500
religious freedom, identity and universal response to forced migrants needs
483 –489
religious persecution as driver of migration
18
,
43
,
466 –467
,
489 –491,
492 –494
, 495
research and methodology
466 –469
social integration
483
,
488 –489
,
500 –502
,
503
Italian Hindu Union; oidce; osf; Religions for Peace; Sant’Egidio Community; Service for Ecumenism and Dialogue
France, ban on wearing religious symbols in schools
757
,
758
,
760
hijab
216
,
217
,
218
,
246
,
275
,
299 –301
,
758
niqab/burka/full veil
300 –301
,
447n4
,
704
in public schools
447n3
,
666n10
,
687 –688
,
701
,
702
religious symbols; women
feminism
see Islam and typologies of feminisms
forced migration
3
,
16
,
36
collective configuration of
358
complexity of contemporary (forced) mobility
356
compulsory migration
358
denial of religious rights and
9
drivers of
9
,
27
,
35
,
53
,
111
,
205
forced/voluntary migration distinction
16 –17
,
23 –24
,
27
,
36
,
315
,
347
,
356
,
357
,
363
global governance of
9
porosity of forced/voluntary migration distinction
16
,
315
,
324
,
357
,
360
religion and
27
,
35
,
53
,
69
,
111
,
205
,
317
,
323 –324
,
326
,
329
,
332 –342
,
588
religion(s) and the borders of forced mobility
357 –366
religious agency in the process of public space making
47
,
405 –425
religious-based persecution and
10
,
320
religious rights, denial of
9
unpredictable nature of
6
transnational membership
48
religion and adaptation process
forced migration: psychological/psychiatric perspectives
596
,
598
children, persecution and ptsd
616 –618
positive resources supporting families
597 –598
post-migration identity redefinition
598
post-migration stressors
597
post-migration traumas
596
pre-migration traumas
596
,
598
,
603 –604
,
611 –612
psychological adjustment and mental health
596 –597
psychological ‘exile’
596
,
597
religion and
598 –599
religious identity
598
resilience and protective processes
597
forced mobility
4
,
23 –24
,
357
Foucault, M.
70
France
1905 Law
756
,
768
Calais
510
Catholicism
767
,
768
Christianity
93
Church/State separation and implementation of secularism
755 –758
Council for the Muslim Faith
757
egalitarianism
759
,
761
,
769
ethnic discrimination
760
,
762
identity policies
768
Islam/Muslims
757 –758
,
768
laïcité
108
,
221
,
388
,
447n3
,
761
,
768
migration flows
759 –760
positive secularism
758
religious disaffiliation
580 –581
religious pluralism
758
Republican model of integration/Republican model of indifference
680
,
759
,
768 –769
secularism/secularization
581
,
756
secularization and national identity
673
,
757 –758
,
768
state/private religious education systems
756 –757
terrorist attacks in
373
,
420
,
456
,
761
Third Republic
755
,
756
wearing religious symbols in public spaces
754
Francis, Pope
50
,
227
,
323
,
518
,
521
,
544
French republican schools: laïcité and religions
22
,
767 –769
763
,
764
ban on wearing religious symbols in schools
757
,
758
,
760
Catholicism
757
,
767
complex relation between religion, schools and secularism
761 –763
ethnic diversity
761
,
762
ethnic minorities
762
feeling of being French according to religion and school experiences
763
,
764,
765–
766,
766 –769
female veil
757
,
758
,
760
intercultural strategies
760 –761
Islam/Muslims
764
,
766
,
767
neutrality of education system
760
religion as transversal dimension of French society
754 –755
religious discrimination
764
,
767
,
769
République, passionate link with
759 –761
research and methodology
763 –764
sanctions in school
763
,
764
secular education
757
secularism
673
,
754 –755
,
760 –761
French Revolution
108
,
755
Freud, S.
55 –56
,
57n3
fundamentalism
32
,
43
,
44
,
464
,
507
,
681
Christian fundamentalism
60 –61
Islamic fundamentalism as driver of migration
359
,
364
,
491
Jordan, fundamentalist approach
211
,
212
,
223
,
229
Palestine, fundamentalist approach
223
,
229
religious affiliations and social coexistence, fundamentalist approach
211
,
212 –214
,
221
,
230
schools/public schools
655
,
660
jihadists
Gallup Foundation
84
gamm (Global Approach on Migration and Mobility)
27
gender-related issues
33
Coptic families in Italy
232 –233
,
602 –603
Egypt: women’s rights/gender equality
242 –243
,
247
,
248
,
250
gender-based persecution
289
gender-based violence
234
,
243
,
244
,
294
gender cultures
33
,
231 –232
gender discrimination
33
,
231
,
234
,
694
gender inequality
231
,
235
gender norms and roles
232 –233
,
602 –603
,
697
gender regimes
354
intergenerational religious transmission and migration
584
Islam and gender equality
33
,
231
Italy, Muslims in
601
mena countries, gender cultures
232 –234
,
239
,
249
mena countries, gender (in)equality
235
,
238
,
239
,
248
multi-cultural schools: interreligious conflicts
730
,
734
,
741
,
751 –752
multi-cultural schools: religious freedom and citizenship
697
,
699 –700
,
702 –703
patriarchal gender norms
33
,
239
,
241
,
248
theocracy as limit for gender equality
33
,
233
,
249
World Economic Forum: Global Gender Gap Report
235
cedaw; Islam and typologies of feminisms; patriarchy; Shariʿa law and women’s rights; women
Geneva Convention
13
,
115 –117
,
120
,
324
,
359
forced mobility
4
non-refoulement principle
118
,
119
refugee, definition of
116
,
358
religion as cause of persecution
358
Germany
bamf (German Federal Office for Migration and Refugees)
463
Christian asylum seekers in
66
German Islam Conference
460
Islam/Muslims
517 –518
refugee crisis
460
secularization
80
Ghana
319
‘Global Compact on Refugees’
51
globalization
85
,
105
globalized Islam
576
public sphere and religion
82
religious pluralism
105
Goda Grannar
519
Guatemala
508
,
509
,
510
Habermas, J.
49
,
89 –90
,
92
,
108
,
465
,
680 –681
health-related issues
394 –395
consequences of forced migration for children’s health
615 –616
religion and adaptation process
439 –440
forced migration: psychological/psychiatric perspectives
Hizb Allah
162
,
168 –169
Hoffmann, E.T.A.: The Uncanny Guest
55 –56
,
58
Holy See
267
,
311
,
321
Under-Secretary of the Refugees and Migrants Section, Dicastery for the Promotion of Integral Human Development
18
,
519 –520
Vatican City State
267
,
321
,
331
,
590
hospitality
424
,
513 –514
,
526
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices
464
,
473
,
468
,
499
,
503
importance of
323
ethics of hospitality
host countries
44
,
495
cultural distance from sending countries
366 –367
,
370 –371
education in religious pluralism
393
fbos in
517
host society’s churches challenged by migrants
387
,
393 –404
,
510 –511
,
532
instruments of protection as threat to host’s status quo
374
religious dimension in migration policies and programs
521
,
522
social and political context of
39
under specific European countries; Europe; Italy
hostility
Contact Theory
716
French universal citizenship
762
Group Conflict Theory
715
towards immigration
44
,
69n25
,
715
towards Islam and Muslims
298
,
530
towards religious diversity
226
Human Fraternity for world peace and living together
227 –229
humanism
44
,
423
,
540
,
578
integral humanism theory
511 –512
self-sufficient humanism
103
,
108
,
109
‘Humanitarian Corridors’ program
322 –323
,
519
humanitarian crises
69
,
241
Human Rights Watch
243
human sacrifice
349
,
361
,
366
,
371
human trafficking
294
,
318
,
358
,
359
organ trafficking
334
Hungary
60 –61
Huntington, S.: clash of civilizations
436
,
530
,
715
,
747
Hussein, Saddam
149
,
150
,
169
,
171
,
187
iccpr (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights)
112
,
114
,
115
,
122
identity (religious identity)
25 –32
40
Archdiocese of Milan, identity challenge and opportunity for interreligious dialogue
529 –531
Christian identity
62
,
87
,
99 –100
,
179
,
374
,
459
,
548
Coptic families in Italy
20
,
34 –35
,
606 –608
,
611
,
614
Coptic identity
42
,
193 –194
,
613
,
618
,
619
,
636 –637
Copts, ethnic-religious identity
634
,
635
de-instrumentalization of religion
70
as driver of migration
27
economic and humanitarian migration as ‘identity challenge’
5
educational integration and religious identity
671 –672
ethics of hospitality
70
European religious identity and migration
4 –5
,
25
,
60
,
99
forced migration: psychological/psychiatric perspectives
598
(forced) migrants and
28
identity anchor
406 –407
lack of recognition of religious identity
30
as main line of research
12
,
25 –32
,
54
,
405
,
682
multi-cultural schools: interreligious conflicts
722
,
743
,
745
,
749
,
752
multi-cultural schools: religious identity and freedom
683 –692
recognition of migrants’ identity
29
,
69
religion and adaptation process
405 –409
religion and identity definition
515 –516
religion and integration
515 –518
religion: role in decision to migrate
17
,
315
,
405
religion as source of individual and collective identity
327 –330
religious symbols and
687 –688
schools/public schools
670
,
674
,
682
as source of resistance and resilience
27
,
405
,
597 –598
transnational identity
515
identity politics
29
,
155
,
156
,
190
India
3
integration
ambivalence of conflict within immigrants’ integration process
715 –716
of children
517
civil society and
47
,
462
,
463
Coptic minors in Italy
42
,
628 –629
,
633
early reception stages and
391
family and
10
first- and second-generation migrants
10
,
107
holistic approach to
391
Italy, National Integration Plan for Beneficiaries of International Protection
460
networks and
49
reception and protection systems
391
as two-way process
71
integration and religion
8
,
10
,
17
,
23
,
43
,
53
,
70
,
515 –518
EU
462 –463
fbos and
10
,
17
,
43
,
44
,
440 –441
,
460
,
462
,
517 –518
,
598
fbos and social integration
483
,
488 –489
,
500 –502
,
503
German Islam Conference
460
identity and
515 –518
importance of religion/spirituality in the process of adaptation/integration
37
,
375
,
403 –404
,
515 –518
intergenerational religious transmission and
574 –575
,
587
interreligious dialogue and integration
460
,
462
Islam and integration
7
multi-cultural schools: religious freedom and citizenship
682
,
713 –714
multi-religious approach to integration
49
,
519
religion as barrier to integration
17
,
433
,
434
,
445 –456
,
457
,
458
,
574
,
575 –577
religion as catalyst of integration
434
,
435 –436
,
437 –442
,
454
,
575
‘religious illiteracy’ and integration
30
religious pluralism and
391
religion and adaptation process; religion and integration in North America; religion and integration in Western Europe
interculturalism
410
,
466
,
721
,
753
,
771
,
782
Archdiocese of Milan: ‘Synod from the Peoples’
545
,
546
,
547
Catalonian public schools
773
,
780 –781
Contact Theory and
716
Council of Europe on
666n11
,
713
French republican schools: intercultural strategies
760 –761
intercultural dialogue
21
,
109
,
500
,
503
,
676
,
780
intercultural dialogue as means to foster democracy
666n11
intercultural education
665
,
713
,
714
,
760
,
771 –772
,
773
,
780 –781
intercultural mediation
771
religious education and
661
,
675
schools/public schools, intercultural dialogue
21
,
675
,
676
,
714
Spain
771 –772
intergenerational religious transmission and migration
19
,
31
,
569 –571
,
598
,
697
576 –577
Coptic families in Italy
610
,
611
,
613
,
628
,
629 –630
,
635
dynamics within generations
573
dynamics within immigrant families
577 –578
elderly people, role of
585 –586
empirical evidence
573 –586
family/society relationship
574
freedom of religion and
587
gender differences
584
generational differences
583 –584
generation, definition of
570
,
572
generation of post-memory
586
grandparents as transmission pivot
579
home country as transmission pivot
579
hybrid transmissions
578
importance of
613
integration and
574 –575
,
587
intergenerational religious transmission, main issues
571 –573
Islam
581
,
582 –584
memories
580
,
584 –585
migrant religious communities and second generations’ social/cultural capital
441
native language, importance of
583
networks and
579 –580
parents/children relationship in transmission
581 –583
religion as barrier to integration
575 –577
religion as dependent/independent variable in generational transmission
572 –573
religious belonging and
580
religious disaffiliation
31
,
580 –581
religious persecution and
586 –587
semantic transmissions
578
transmissions by keywords
578 –581
interreligious dialogue
10
,
43
,
109
Archdiocese of Milan
19
,
529 –531
,
548 –549
fbos
49
,
441
Human Fraternity for world peace and living together
227 –229
at institutional level
50
integration and
460
,
462
interreligious prayer meetings
518
religious leaders
230
schools/public schools: interreligious curriculum
667
,
668
,
710
schools/public schools: interreligious dialogue
665 –669
,
676
ecumenism
interreligious dialogue in the governance of human mobility
18
,
31 –32
,
49
,
504
Catholic Church’s teachings
18
,
504
fbos, cooperation between
523 –524
global ethics
18
,
49
,
512
importance of
504
multi-religious approach to integration
49
,
519
pacific cohabitation
18
,
515
principles shared by different religions
49
,
512 –515
religion and multi-ethnic cohabitation
515 –518
,
519
religions in dialogue
511 –515
religious dimension in policies of sending/transit/host countries
51 –52
,
521 –523
research and methodology
504
valuing religion and interreligious dialogue
518 –525
iom (International Organisation for Migration)
462 –463
Iran
156
,
159
,
163 –164
Christians in
285
Iranian Revolution and Islamic Republic of Iran
162
,
166
,
168
,
170 –171
,
185
,
210
Iraq-Iran war
169 –170
–
172
Iraq
145 –146
,
163
2003 US military operations in
171 –172
,
346
,
348
2011 Uprising
205 –206
anti-Christian terrorist organizations
346 –347
Baʿthist regime
145
,
161
,
167
,
169
,
170
Christians in
66
,
176
,
177
,
180 –181
,
184
,
187
,
328
,
341
,
346
,
348 –349
,
356
diversity
169
Hashemite crown of Iraq
156
,
167
Iraqi Arab Shia community
172
Iraq-Iran war
169 –170
–
172
IS/isis
187
Kurds’ autonomist ambitions
172
polarization of socio-political fabric
145
religious minorities
167
sectarianism
150
women’s rights
244
,
356
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
IS/isis (Islamic State/Islamic State of Iraq and Syria)
54
,
146 –147
,
162
,
173
Iraq
187
Kurdish peshmerga/Arab Sunni tribal units alliances against
150
Libya
244
Mosul caliphate
173
Syria
187
Islam
84
,
112n7
,
505
,
599
33
,
231
asylum and
30
conversion to
107
,
618
,
623 –624
as enemy of the West
436
,
446
,
451
,
455
,
612
in Europe
86
,
107
,
658
in France
757 –758
,
768
in Germany
517 –518
globalized Islam
576
hostility towards Islam and Muslims
298
,
530
integration and
7
intergenerational religious transmission
581
,
582 –584
internal diversity
148
,
164
Islamic countries
28
,
33
,
205
,
210
,
220 –221
Islamic fundamentalism as driver of migration
359
,
364
,
491
in Italy
394
,
415
,
601
,
666 –667n12
Middle East
147
,
148
,
155
,
168
,
185
mosques
447 –448
,
457
,
510
,
582
neonatal male circumcision
693 –694
neo-orthodox Islam
452
‘Otherness’
446
,
448
,
457
,
458
,
459
pan-Islamism
161
,
166
,
170
Political Islam
154
,
168
,
420
Prophet Muhammad
208
,
209
,
447n4
Qur’an
72
,
209
,
233
,
240
,
282
,
386
,
409
,
517
,
630
Ramadan
372
,
530
religion and integration in North America
436
,
455 –457
religion and integration in Western Europe
445 –448
,
449 –454
,
457
,
574
,
575
,
576
religious freedom and
71
Salafism
148
,
168
,
448
schools/public schools
666
,
667
,
668 –669
,
699 –700
,
702 –703
,
704
,
705 –706
security issues and
453
stereotyped representation of
28
Sufi orders
148
,
283 –284
terrorism and
28
US
436
Muslims
Islam and typologies of feminisms
33 –34
,
240 –241
,
244 –248
,
249
data description
244 –245
gender equality
245 –248
Islamic Reformism
15
,
232
,
241
,
247
,
247
Islamism
15
,
232
,
240
,
247
,
247
,
248
,
250
measurements
245 –248
mena countries
15
,
33 –34
,
231
,
232
,
239
,
244 –245
Muslim Feminism
15
,
232
,
240
,
246
,
247
,
250
sample sizes and fieldwork period for country
245
Secular Feminism
15
,
232
,
240
,
247
,
247
,
249
Shariʿa law, support for
244
,
245
,
246
Shariʿa law and women’s rights
Islamism
240
Islam and typologies of feminisms
15
,
232
,
240
,
247
,
247
,
248
,
250
Yemen
243
,
420 –421
Islamization
5
,
452
,
666 –667n12
Egypt: Islamization/Islamism
185
,
188 –189
,
190
,
194
,
199
,
248
,
250
,
328
,
618
Islamization of European immigration debates
374
Middle East
176
,
185
,
186
re-islamization
576
Islamophobia
58
,
298
,
372
,
667n12
reactive Christianity and
61
US
455
,
456
Israel
Arab States and
162
,
166
,
185
Christians in the Israeli-Palestinian context
179 –180
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
164
,
165
,
177
,
180
Italian asylum seekers’ reception system and religion
16
,
267
308 –309
,
310
access to spiritual assistance/religious rites
37
,
290 –293
applications based on impediments to religious freedom
270 –271
,
276 –277
children’s education
309 –310
commissioners in charge with the asylum demands’ evaluation
357
constitutional aspects of religious dimension of foreign nationals
295 –302
expulsion (ministerial expulsion)
272
fumus persecutionis
284
Islamic fundamentalism
272
,
275
jurisprudential judgments
272
,
277
,
278 –286
,
287
,
298
legal reception system as person-based
267
,
269
persecution in case of conversion
283
,
284 –285
persecution, evidence for
277 –282
,
284
persecution for multiple reasons
287 –290
persecution of new religions and sects
283 –284
personal interview
276 –278
,
290
,
357
procedural framework
274
,
276
reception and detention centers
291 –295
refugee status
274 –275
rejection of applications
279 –282
religion in Italian constitutional system: right to religious freedom
267 –273
religious aspects in asylum applications evaluation and reception system
290 –295
religious freedom and family, education of minors, prisons
308 –314
right to asylum for violation of religious freedom
274 –286
right to family reunion
310 –311
safe countries of origin
285 –286
,
286 –287n26
special protection
274
,
288
sprar (Protection System for Asylum Seekers and Refugees)
291
,
294
subsidiary protection
274
,
278
,
282
,
283
,
288
unreliable applications/statements
278 –282
,
360 –361
violation of fundamental human rights
274 –275
women
276
,
287 –289
Italian Constitution and legal system; religion in the assessment of asylum
Italian Constitution and legal system
on animals
273
assimilationist/integrationist perspectives
298 –299
on children
309 –311
on clothing/veil
299 –301
confidentiality principle
270
constitutional aspects of religious dimension of foreign nationals
295 –302
cultural crimes
298 –299
democracy
267
,
415
equality principle
268
,
295
,
296
,
298
,
314
,
410
EU directives
274
,
275
,
276
,
277
,
285
freedom of conscience
268 –269
freedom to profess one’s own religion
268
,
271 –272
,
292
freedom of worship
272 –273
,
308
genital mutilation/female circumcision
273
,
288
,
299
good faith principle
277
Italian Penal Code
273
,
297
,
298
,
299
,
300
marriage and divorce
308 –309
,
310
method for resolving conflicts between opposing rights
314
non-discrimination/non-religious discrimination principle
274
,
296 –297
,
304
pluralism
267
,
269
,
314
,
410
primacy of the laws
295 –296
prisons/prisoners
313 –314
refugee, definition
274
refugees ‘sur place’
117
,
270
religion in
267
,
275
,
276
,
388
religious denomination
302 –303
religious education in public schools
311 –312
religious freedom
269
,
415
,
587
,
679
,
686
religious freedom, limitations to
269 –270
,
271
,
273
religious persecution, forms of
276
religious persecution, protection against
275 –276
right to asylum for violation of religious freedom
274 –286
right to conversion
270
right to religious freedom
267 –273
,
274
,
295
,
304
,
307
,
314
right to religious propaganda
271 –272
‘security decree’
274
,
324
Sikh kirpan
299
,
301 –302
Sate/religious denominations bilateral agreements
305 –308
,
311 –312
Sate/religious denominations independence
304
state secularity
267
,
292
,
314
,
388
State’s relations with different religious denominations
302 –308
Italy
interreligious dialogue
488
,
500
religion and social integration
483
,
488 –489
,
500 –502
on religious persecution
491
religious training
488
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices
Italy
15 –22
asylum applications results
324
,
325
Catholicism in
15
,
31
,
88
,
267
,
296
,
304
,
305
,
311
,
231
,
393
,
661
,
691
,
709
Christian Orthodoxy in
394
Coptic Diaspora in Italy
19 –20
,
26
,
41
,
589
,
590 –592
,
594 –595
,
601
,
605
cultural distance from sending countries
366 –367
,
370 –371
discrimination
32
humanitarian protection
324
interreligious co-existence
394
Islam in
394
,
415
,
601
,
666 –667n12
National Integration Plan for Beneficiaries of International Protection
460
refugee crisis
15
religion, role in migratory processes
15
,
267 –268
‘religious illiteracy’
30
,
41 –42
,
394
,
631
religious minorities
393 –394
religious pluralism
393
,
425
,
662
,
709
sacraments
88n18
‘Safe Third Countries’
36
schools/public schools
677 –678
,
709
secularism
709
Sikhs in
299
,
301 –302
,
307
tolerance/intolerance
32
,
324
Vatican City State
267
,
321
,
331
,
590
Italian Constitution and legal system
Jainism
505
Jehovah’s Witnesses
113n7
,
303
,
307
,
328 –329
,
703
,
725
,
729
jihadists
57
,
461
,
530
jihadist radicalization
448
,
453
,
459
,
461
jihadist terrorism
202 –203
,
436
,
454 –455
,
458
,
459
fundamentalism
John xxiii, Pope
72
John Paul ii, Pope
506
,
507
Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)
149
,
156
,
157
,
167 –168
Christians in
179
Christians/Muslims coexistence
226
fundamentalist approach
211
,
212
,
223
,
229
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
205
,
210
,
211
Muslim Brotherhood
162
women’s rights
244
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
journey (migration journey)
602
danger and death
383
,
386
,
509
dramatic phases of
349
,
382
,
400
,
405
fbos and
48
importance of religion during the journey
509
propitiatory rites before departure
509
,
510
religion/spirituality and
381
,
386
spiritual interpretation of
380 –381
at sea
Judaism
86
,
505
,
655
anti-Semitism
298
Jews
164
,
365
neonatal male circumcision
693 –694
kaiciid (King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue)
462
Khomeini, Ayatollah
168
,
169
,
210
,
447n2
Kiril, Patriarch of Moscow and all the Russias
50
Kyrollos vi, Coptic Patriarch
188
,
191
,
195
Kuwait
176
,
235
laïcité/laicism
18
,
75
,
108
,
109
,
110
,
221
France
108
,
221
,
388
,
447n3
,
761
,
768
Italy/France comparison
388
religious symbols and
711
schools/public schools
659
,
660
,
664
,
666n10
,
711 –713
French republican schools: laïcité and religions
Arabic
147
,
180
,
340
,
589
,
618
,
619
,
634
Coptic language
618
Italian
316
,
384
,
394 –395
,
470
,
527 –528
,
543
,
602
,
620
,
634
language courses
49
,
397
,
441
,
470
,
519
,
527 –528
,
543
linguistic barriers
316
,
363
,
403
,
436
,
602
Middle East, ethno-linguistic diversity
147
,
148
,
162
,
164 –165
,
181
native language
576
,
579
,
582
,
583
,
634
translators and mediators in the assessment of asylum
367 –369
,
370
Latin America
84
,
456
,
516
,
578
Lebanon
163
,
165
Christians/Muslims coexistence
226
democratic consensus vs Islamic hegemony
210 –211
Lebanese civil war
168 –169
,
185
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
205
,
207
,
210
,
223
pluralism and tolerance
229 –230
secular approach
210 –211
,
212
,
213
,
216
,
223
women and traditionalism
216
young people and traditionalism
230
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
left-wing politics
63
Beautiful Souls
63 –65
drama triangle
64
,
65
legal status
16
,
270
,
308
,
316
,
458
citizenship as legal status
42
,
51
,
72
Leo xiii, Pope
590
Libya
244
,
383
,
400
2011 Uprising
172
,
173
,
241
Christians in
337
is/isis
244
women’s rights
243
,
244
magic
96 –97
magical-sacral reference
91
neo-magical attitude
96 –97
Maritain, J.
511 –512
Maronites
155
,
165
,
168
,
179
,
181
,
184
,
185
,
207
marriage and divorce
forced marriage
68
,
288
,
353
,
358
interreligious marriage
353
,
354
,
491
,
618
Islam/Shariʿa
211
,
213
,
355
Italian Constitution and legal system
308 –309
,
310
Martini, Carlo Maria, Cardinal
526n2
,
536
,
537
media
98
,
106
,
374
,
470
,
758
Copts in
201
,
619
religion in the assessment of asylum
35
,
366
selective attention of
335
social media
712
,
740
meic (Group of the Ecclesial Movement for Cultural Commitment)
513
mena (Middle East and North Africa countries)
see Shariʿa law and women’s rights
Methodist Church
322
,
323
,
410
Mexico
456
,
509
,
510
Middle East
10
,
13 –14
,
19
,
25
,
27
26
,
145
,
146
,
150
,
153 –154
,
173
9/11 attacks
145
,
153
Arabism
157
,
161
,
165
,
167
,
168
,
177
,
183
,
184
Arabness
155
,
156
,
166
,
168
,
170
authoritarianism
157 –159
,
186 –187
,
188
civil society
159
civil State/government (dawla madaniyya)
154 –155
colonization
158
,
182 –183
crises in
144 –145
,
146
,
162 –163
,
171
,
173 –174
,
178
,
185
,
186
(forced) migration from
26
geopolitics
144
,
151
,
153
,
163
,
174
instability/destabilization
13
,
25
,
27
,
143
,
144
,
145
,
153
,
162
,
173
,
186
,
187
Islam
147
,
148
,
155
,
168
,
185
Islamization
176
,
185
,
186
Mandate period/system
152
,
155
,
158
,
163 –167
,
182
,
183
,
184
military vs civil rule
158
modernist school
146
,
154
monarchies and republics
156 –157
,
167
multiple/variable geographies
14
,
26
,
143
,
144 –151
,
153
,
168
,
170
non-state actors
145 –146
Ottoman Empire
151 –152
,
157
,
162
,
163
,
165
,
182 –183
pan-Arabism
154
,
161
,
167
,
168
,
184 –185
polarization
13
,
143
,
145
,
147
,
173
radicalization
13
,
143
,
214
,
215
,
220 –221
,
225
religious minorities
164
,
167
,
183
,
184
,
205
rentierism and patronage
157
,
159 –160
‘return of religion’
168 –169
secularization
163 –164
,
166
secular State vs Islamic State
154
state and nation, analytical assessment
153 –160
state and nation, contested visions of
144
,
151 –153
‘States without nations’
152
supranational ideology/projects
26
,
154
,
161 –162
,
165
,
166
,
168 –169
,
171
,
173
,
174
Sykes-Picot agreement
146
,
163
tribes/tribalism
149
,
150
,
162
,
187
US and
145
World War I, aftermath of
143
,
144
,
163 –165
under specific Middle Eastern countries and the entries below related to Middle East; 2011 Uprisings; Copts in Egypt; is/isis; Shariʿa law and women’s rights
Middle East: Christianity/Christians
14
,
148
,
155
,
167
,
175
2011 Uprisings
182
,
186 –188
Arab Christian orientations
178
,
179
,
183
assimilation
185
‘authoritarian dilemma’
186 –187
,
188
‘Christians’ challenges and sufferings’ discourse
176 –177
,
178
‘Christians’ functional potential’ discourse
177 –178
Christians in Middle Eastern Politics
182 –188
Christians as second-class citizen
176
colonial encounter
182 –183
Copts as autonomous ethnic category and national minority
181
decline of Christians’ presence
176
Eastern Christian orientations
178 –179
,
183
ecclesiastical institutions reforms
186
emigration/diaspora
176
,
182
,
186
,
187
,
188
Iran
285
Iraq
66
,
176
,
177
,
180 –181
,
184
,
187
,
328
,
341
,
346
,
348 –349
,
356
Israeli-Palestinian context
179 –180
Mandate period
182
,
183 –184
multi-vocal Christian presence
178 –182
,
183
nation- and state-building process
181
persecution
50
,
175
,
183
protected minority
183
,
187
religious minority
183
,
184
right to access public space
184
sectarian conflict
186 –187
secular State and nation
184
socio-economic factors
182
Syria
66
,
165
,
187
trans-boundary presence
179 –181
Copts in Egypt; Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
Middle East: diversity
13 –14
,
25
,
143 –151
,
152
,
153
,
161
,
168
assimilation
185
ethno-linguistic diversity
147
,
148
,
162
,
164 –165
,
181
religious diversity
147 –148
,
155
,
164 –165
,
167
struggle to create state and nation
160 –173
Middle East
Middle East: nationalisms
154
,
155
,
156
,
159
,
165 –167
,
169
Arab nationalism
156
,
157
,
163
,
166 –167
,
169
dismiss of nationalist programs
185
Egypt: nationalism replaced by religion
29
,
190
ethno-nationalism
169
secular nationalist movement
166
Middle East
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
14 –15
,
34
,
226 –230
220 –221
,
226
,
227
age and gender
34
,
212
,
216
,
217
,
217
,
219
,
221
,
222 –223
,
223
Arab Barometer surveys
14
,
34
,
205
,
229
Arab Barometer surveys, countries involved in
205
,
206
Christianity/Christians
206
,
207
,
207
,
209
coexistence with people from other religion/Islamic sects
226
,
228
correlation coefficients between indexes
224 –225
,
225
Egypt
205
,
215
,
226
Fundamentalism Index
221 –223
,
222
,
223
,
224
,
225
fundamentalist approach
211
,
212 –214
,
221
,
230
Iraq
205
Islamic Traditionalism Index
215 –216
,
217
,
218
,
220
,
224
Islam/Muslims
206
,
207
,
208
,
209
Islam Openness Index
216 –218,
218 –219
, 220
,
224
,
225
Islam pluralistic typology
219 –220
,
220
Jordan
205
,
210
,
211
,
226
Lebanon
205
,
207
,
210 –211
,
212
,
213
,
216
,
223
,
226
,
229 –230
Palestine
205
,
215 –216
,
223
,
229
radicalism
214
,
215
,
220 –221
,
225
religion and politics relations: towards a secular political approach
221 –225
religious belonging and personal religiosity
206 –209
,
207
,
208
,
209
religious/not religious political party agreement
223
,
224
secular approach
211
,
221 –225
,
230
Secular Politics Index
221
,
222
,
223
,
224 –225
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence: Shariʿa
Middle East, religious affiliations and social coexistence: Shariʿa
212 –221
divine/human foundation of Shariʿa
213 –214
economic Islamic teachings and interests by the bank system
213
,
215
,
216
Islam and civil law
209 –212
,
214
Islam Law Conformity Index
211 –212
,
212
,
224
,
225
limited concession of political rights to non-Islamic minorities
213
,
214
marriage and divorce
211
,
213
primacy of Shariʿa over democratic consensus
210
,
213
,
214
western democracy/Shariʿa compatibility
213
,
214
,
215
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
Middle East: sectarianism
145 –146
,
149
,
150 –151
,
170
sectarian conflict
147
,
187 –188
sectarian violence
14
,
26
,
174
,
175
,
192
,
196
ta‘ifiyya
150
Copts in Egypt
migrants
acknowledgement of migrants’ human subjectivity
11
,
17
,
24
,
27
,
34
criminalization of
24
,
420
economic/humanitarian migrants distinction
323
as ‘guest workers’
6
illegal migrants
60
,
63
,
527
irregular migrants
58
,
64
,
286n26
,
324
,
456
,
509
legal empowerment of
51
,
375
‘more religious’/‘religiously aware’ after arriving in host country
413 –414
,
574
‘more religious’ in comparison to locals
28
,
31
,
408
,
531n8
,
606 –607
religious composition of international migrants
507 –508
,
508
spiritual needs of
396 –401
,
425
structural disadvantage of
7
targeted as threat to border security
24
undocumented migrants
321
,
323
,
379 –380
,
385
refugees
migration
5
direct causes of
332 –333
‘diversity’ and
6 –7
gap between contemporary migration trends and established migratory schemes
364
humanitarian migration as ‘identity challenge’
5
indirect causes of
332
migration/asylum nexus
358
temporary nature of
6
,
22
,
444
unethical ambivalence of dominant narratives on
53
,
57 –58
the entries below related to migration; economic migration; forced migration
ethically based criteria for
51
forced migration
9
‘good politics’ and the common good
538
governance of ‘migrants’, not of ‘flows’
27
,
36
,
52
hygienic governmentality
59
,
60
selective migration schemes
47
interreligious dialogue in the governance of human mobility
migration/religion link
4
,
5
,
9
,
74
,
569 –570
Europe
22
forced migration: psychological/psychiatric perspectives
598 –599
hypotheses of the study
9 –10
immigration-religion-education link
21
intergenerational links
10
,
19
Italy
15
,
267 –268
religion as direct cause of migration
332 –342
,
364
religion as driver of migration
27
,
35
,
53
,
69
,
111
,
205
,
317
,
323 –324
,
326
,
329
,
332 –342
,
588
religion as indirect cause of migration
364
religion(s) and the borders of forced mobility
357 –366
religiosity and religious organizations
51
religious dimension in migration policies and programs
51 –52
,
521 –523
religious dimension in migration process
507 –511
,
518
religious dimension in policies of sending/transit/host countries
51 –52
,
521 –523
religious factors intermingled with ethno-racial, cultural, political, economic factors
342 –349
,
358
,
368 –369
religious/spiritual dimension as constitutive of every human being
31
role of religion in migratory and integration processes
8
,
23
,
515 –518
entries related to religion; integration
Migrations and religious belongings. From the periphery to the core, for a new humanism (study-project)
8 –9
Milan
see Archdiocese of Milan
Morocco
2011 Uprising
241
,
249
cedaw acceptance
235
,
242
,
249
women’s rights/gender equality
242
,
247
,
248
,
250
Morsi, Muhammad
162
,
190
,
200 –201
,
279
Mubarak, Hosni
187
Copts in Egypt under
190 –198
deposition as Egyptian president
188
,
199
emergency law
192
multi-cultural schools: interreligious conflicts
21 –22
,
34
,
656
,
669
,
671 –672
,
753
738 –742,
739 –740
ambivalence of conflict within immigrants’ integration process
715 –716
analysis of school conflicts
734 –749
conflict, description of
724 –734
,
724
freedom to choose one’s religion
730
,
745 –746
,
751
gender related issues
730
,
734
,
741
,
751 –752
generational cleavage
730
,
734
,
750 –753
,
750
group-centrism
740 –741
,
743 –744
identity
722
,
743
,
745
,
749
,
752
interethnic conflict/violence
717
,
720
,
748
international literature on
716 –719
material socio-economic nature of conflicts
34
,
749
,
752
,
753
peer conflicts
724
,
734
,
737
,
744
radicalism
747 –748
realistic or symbolic conflict?
742 –749
religion as ‘precipitating factor’ of conflicts
743 –749
,
752
religious-based violence
742
,
743
,
751
religious bullying
669
,
675
,
686
,
716 –719
,
725
,
737
,
744
,
751
religious diversity
749 –750
religious diversity in Italian educational studies
719 –721
research questions and methodology
721 –723
students’ management of conflict
742
,
752
students’ opinions
722
,
724 –725,
726 –729
, 730
,
742
teachers’ management of conflict
738
,
752
teachers’ opinions
722
,
724
,
725
,
729 –730,
731 –734
, 734 –738
,
743 –744
,
746 –749
teachers’ opinions: words, attitudes, behaviors emerging in religious-based conflicts
735 –737
,
736
Word Frequency Query
730
,
734
,
735
,
751 –752
multi-cultural schools: religious freedom and citizenship
21
,
37
,
671
,
676
awareness of religious belonging and self-affirmation
38
,
687
,
706
blurring borders of private/public spheres
46
,
692 –695
citizenship
21
,
711 –714
citizenship values and religious beliefs
692 –695
freedom of religious choice
671
,
682
,
697
,
698 –699
,
701 –702
,
709
freedom of expression
45
,
687
,
688
,
707
,
713
,
714
gender related issues
697
,
699 –700
,
702 –703
intercultural/interreligious dialogue
21
,
46
,
682
most frequently mentioned words during fgds
683 –684
,
685
,
696
parental authority over children’s education
697
parents
684
,
688 –692
,
699 –700
,
701 –703
religion and integration
682
,
713 –714
religion as transversal content of school’s curriculum and cultural heritage
706 –711
religious identity and freedom
683 –692
religious pluralism
21
,
45
,
676
,
706 –707
,
709 –710
research and methodology
677 –683
school-family dialogue
696
,
703 –706
school-family interface as keystone for religious socialization
695 –703
students’ opinions
684 –688
,
698 –700
,
707
,
709 –710
teachers
30
,
32
,
684
,
688 –692
,
701 –704
,
708
,
710 –711
‘weak secularization’
21
,
676
Muslim Brotherhood
161
,
240
,
243
in Egypt
161
,
166
,
190
,
191
,
196
,
200
,
240
,
243
,
335
fragmentation of
162
Freedom and Justice party
200
Islamism
240
in Jordan
162
women’s rights and the ‘family agenda’
243
Muslims
anti-Muslim zoopolitics
59 –60
,
61
Archdiocese of Milan
19
,
529 –531
,
583
conversion to Christianity
54 –55n2
criminalization of (Muslim) migrants
420
culturalization and racialization of Muslims in US
455 –457
French republican schools
764
,
766
,
767
good Muslim/bad Muslim
59
,
208
,
209
immigration crisis as a ‘Muslim threat’
54
Middle East: coexistence with people from other religion/Islamic sects
226
,
228
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
206
,
207
,
208
,
209
Muslim intruders/invaders
55
,
60 –61
,
63
Muslimness
451
,
453
Muslim visibilities
451 –453
Muslim women
72
,
216
,
223
,
583
in Norway
72
schools/public schools
655
Islam; Shia Muslims; Sunni Muslims
Myanmar: forced expulsion of Rohingya from
9
al-Nasser, Gamal ʿAbd
188
,
191
,
195
,
201 –202
Nasserist Egypt
157
,
159
,
161
,
168
,
191
National Commission for the right to asylum
277
,
290
nationalism
61
nationalist political parties/politicians targeting religious groups
56
,
60
,
61
methodological nationalism
40
religious nationalism
3
Middle East: nationalisms
religion and the homogeneity of a nation-State population
40
networks
criminal networks
318 –319
decision to migrate and
48
,
317 –318
importance of
100
integration and
49
intergenerational religious transmission and
579 –580
Italy
317 –318
networks theory
317
religious community: reference and belonging
385
Senegal
318
transnational networks
318
,
580
New Age movements
96
,
106
New Religious movements
106
,
303
Nigeria
361 –362
Christians in/from
333
,
344 –345
,
350 –354
human trafficking
359
Nigerian women
319
,
359
,
364
Boko Haram
Norway
72
Ogboni
345
oidce (Observatory on Intolerance and Discrimination against Christians in Europe)
467
,
469 –470
,
471 –472
,
497 –498
,
499
American/European secularism
483
,
497
on religious persecution
489
,
495
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices
Orbán, Viktor
60 –61
Orthodox Christianity
394
,
658
Archdiocese of Milan
19
,
531 –532
,
541
osf (Opera San Francesco for the Poor)
467
, 477 –479,
500
acceptance
486
ambulatory activities
476
interreligious dialogue
500
a reception center
473
,
476
on religious persecution
487
,
490 –491
,
495
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices
Ottoman Empire
151 –152
,
157
,
162
,
163
,
165
,
182
,
195
Oxfam Italia
322
Pakistan
346
Christians in
326
,
334
,
338
,
340
,
413 –414
Islamist terrorism
413 –414
Palestine
168
cedaw acceptance
235
,
249
Christians in the Israeli-Palestinian context
179 –180
fundamentalist approach
223
,
229
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
164
,
165
,
177
,
180
Jews/Muslims conflict
164
,
165
,
180
Mandate in
163
,
164
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
205
,
215 –216
Muslim Supreme Council: Islamic Congress
166
religious affiliations
164
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
Parliament of the World’s Religions
506
,
511
,
512
patriarchy
194
,
231
,
354
,
702
mena countries
33
,
240
,
248
patriarchal gender norms
33
,
239
,
241
,
248
patriarchal interpretation of the Quran
240
patriarchy and Shariʿa law
33
,
233
,
240
gender-related issues
Paul vi, Pope
590
peaceful coexistence
8
,
51
,
390
,
423
,
666
Pentecostal churches
86n9
,
276
,
287
,
326
,
329
,
351
,
367
,
383
,
414
,
508
,
510
persecution
358
definition
120
examples
121
refugee status and
120
religious persecution
Pew Research Centre
60
,
61n12
,
86n10
,
87
,
99
,
189
,
445
,
504
,
507
the Philippines
511
,
523
pluralism
47
religious pluralism
Poland: Rozaniec do Granic
4 –5
Egypt
192
,
193
,
201
Middle East
13
,
143
,
145
,
147
,
173
politics
694
identity politics
29
,
155
,
156
,
190
instrumentalization of religion
11
,
18
,
44
,
53
,
373
,
374
,
420 –421
,
506
Middle East: geopolitics
144
,
151
,
153
,
163
,
174
migration and
7
,
11
,
36
nationalist political parties/politicians targeting religious groups
56
,
60
,
61
Political Islam
154
,
168
,
420
political secularism
444
,
680
left-wing politics; right-wing politics; zombipolitics; zoopolitics
populism
64
,
99
right-wing populists
64
,
65
post-secular society
5
,
12
,
75
,
83n6
,
89
,
104
,
110
,
570
,
681
,
694
abandonment of fundamental beliefs
89
challenge of subjectivity and the question of fluctuating religion
93 –97
de-secularization
85
,
658
disenchantment of the world
76
,
91 –93
,
95
,
96 –97
,
101
,
102
,
107 –108
,
679
empirical observations
84 –89
Europe, de-secularization
85
indications from the literature
81 –84
migration processes and
99
,
104 –107
‘post-secular’ hospitality
12
,
53
,
70
post-secular society: an interweaving of ‘cross pressures’
91 –103
rationalization
76
,
77
,
79
,
91
,
93
,
101
,
107 –108
,
449
,
754
reconstruction of bonds and emergence of closed communities
97 –101
religion in
8
,
12
,
83
,
84 –91
religions as ‘anti-environments’
108 –110
religion, role in the public sphere
105
,
108 –110
religious pluralism, challenge of
105 –108
‘secular age’, secularized and religious
89 –91
‘secularization’ vs ‘non-secularization’
74
technical dimension
95
,
97
,
101 –103
,
108
towards a post-secular society?
81 –91
transcendence and immanence
101 –103
secularization/secularism; secularization, theses of
prayer
85
,
277
,
499
,
508
,
509
,
530
,
593
culture/prayer link
410
interreligious prayer meetings
518
‘Prayer of hope’
400
religion and adaptation process
383
,
386
,
400 –401
,
402
shared prayer
486
prisons
Catholic assistance/rites
313
de-radicalization projects and programs
314
,
461
Islamic spiritual assistance at
461
Italian Constitution and legal system
313 –314
religious symbols
313
private sphere and religion
8
,
43
,
50
,
74
,
506
,
655
,
684
,
688 –689
,
691
public/private sphere separation
693
religion and integration in Western Europe
443
,
444
religious illiteracy and religion privatization
691
secularization, theses of
77
,
78 –79
,
81
,
109
religion; secularism/secularization
‘pro-migrants’ narrative/activity
7
,
47
,
67n21
,
322
Catholic pro-migrant organizations
321 –322
,
324 –325
,
390
,
394
,
527 –528
proselytism
113
,
499
prostitution
318 –319
ptsd (post-traumatic stress disorder)
616 –617
,
636
public schools
see schools/public schools
public sphere and religion
8
,
18
,
23
,
30
,
49
,
65
,
511
47
,
53
,
71
,
405 –425
religion
blurring borders of private/public spheres
46
,
692 –695
globalization
82
‘post-secular’ hospitality and
53
public/private sphere separation
693
religion as public good
49
religion, public and political role of
82
religion, role in the public sphere
105
,
108 –110
radicalism/radicalization
3
,
18
,
22
,
75
,
355
,
448
,
657
jihadist radicalization
448
,
453
,
459
,
461
Middle East
13
,
143
,
214
,
215
,
220 –221
,
225
multi-cultural schools: interreligious conflicts
747 –748
prevention of radicalization
459 –460
,
461
prisons: de-radicalization projects and programs
314
,
461
Radicalization Awareness Network
461
‘return to Shariʿa’
234
,
241
schools/public schools
655
,
669
Shariʿa
234
,
241
UK, ‘Prevent’ strategy
459 –460
rationalization
post-secular society and
76
,
77
,
79
,
91
,
93
,
101
,
107 –108
,
449
,
754
secularization, theses of
76
,
77
,
79
reactive solutions and behaviors
29
,
39
,
41
,
70
,
459
,
614
reactive Christianity
61
,
99
reception centers
290
fbos and
325
,
389
governmental centers for asylum seekers
290
,
291
interreligious tensions
294 –295
right to speak to ministers of worship
290
unaccompanied minors
293 –294
underestimation of religious dimension
293 –294
detention centers
reception and protection systems
39
,
40
,
357
early reception stages
315
,
391
gap between constitutional codes and rules/procedures
37
humanization of reception system
48
inadequacy to meet the needs of female migrants
358
inadequacy to meet the needs of unaccompanied minors
358
integration
391
instruments of protection as threat to host’s status quo
374
Italian reception system and civil society actors
388
legislation
24
religion in
389
religious assistance in reception phase
388 –393
religious leaders, role in reception path
389
sustainability of protection systems
36
Italian asylum seekers’ reception system and religion
redco (Religion in Education. A Contribution to Dialogue or a Factor of Conflict in transforming societies of European countries?)
718
refugee camps
349
,
382
concentration camp-like conditions
53
,
58
dehumanization
68
religious minorities in
63
,
65 –66
,
67
resilience
68
sectarian lines in
66
violence and abuses in
349
Zaatari camp, Jordan
68
zombipolitics
67 –70
refugee crisis
25
,
51
,
244
,
323
Archdiocese of Milan
19
,
527 –528
Europe
3
,
7
,
58
,
455
,
458
,
463
Germany
460
Italy
15
Janus-faced handling of
58
refugees
criminalization of
11
,
24
,
53
,
55
,
60n10
,
63
Declaration on the Status of Refugees
358
definition
116 –117
,
120
,
274
,
357 –358
dehumanization of
11
,
24
,
53
,
58
EU quotas on refugees
61
,
458
as helpless, passive victims
11
,
24
,
53
,
57
,
63
,
67
refugee status
116
,
120
,
121 –122
refugee status, guarantees granted
117
refugee ‘sur place’
117
,
270
targeted as threat to border security
11
,
24
,
53
,
54
,
57
migrants; religious freedom right and refugee status
Refugee Support
519
acknowledgement of migrants’ human subjectivity
11
,
17
,
24
,
27
,
34
ethics of hospitality
11 –12
,
29
,
53
religious freedom and
32 –33
dehumanization
relational theory
465 –466
relativism
98
,
105
religion
as belief, identity, and way of life
276
,
325 –332
concept
9
,
112 –113
,
116
,
570 –571
culturalization of religion
25
,
30
,
52
,
99 –100
,
464
culture/religion link
505
,
707
de-instrumentalization of
11
,
17
,
24
,
25
,
53
,
70
Europe
5
,
8
,
12
,
84 –89
,
93 –94
,
445
,
658
‘freedom’ as necessary attribute of religion
33
,
52
and homogeneity of a nation-State population
40
importance for world population
504
,
505
,
767 –768
instrumentalization of religion
11
,
18
,
44
,
53
,
373
,
374
,
420 –421
,
506
as marker of demarcation and distinction
40 –41
,
70
,
445
,
459
,
618
official religion
114
perennial nature of
84
in post-secular society
8
,
12
,
83
,
84 –91
regenerative function of
52
religion/religiosity relationship
94 –96
religion/the sacred relationship
98n29
religion/spirituality relationship
96
‘religious’ population
84
religious/spiritual dimension as constitutive of every human being
31
,
52
resilience and
53
state religion
285 –286
,
392
,
411
,
658n2
traditional religions
85
,
93
,
106
,
112
,
506
US
7 –8
,
23
,
85
,
434 –435
the entries below related to religion; migration/religion link; post-secular society; private sphere and religion; public sphere and religion
religion and adaptation process
17
,
315
,
376
Church as place of freedom
379 –380
citizenship
419 –425
common good
416 –419
,
424
faith/need connection
380 –381
,
384
,
386
,
387
functions and meanings attributed by forced migrants to religion and spirituality
315
,
415 –416
God’s omnipotence
379
,
383
God’s presence
384 –385
,
402
,
418
host society’s churches challenged by (forced) migrants
387
,
393 –404
importance of religion/spirituality in adaptation/integration process
37
,
375
,
403 –404
,
510
migrants’ spiritual needs
396 –401
,
425
migration journey, spiritual interpretation of
380 –381
prayer
383
,
386
,
400 –401
,
402
rejection of applications
377 –379
religion as ‘balm for the soul’
376 –388
religion/spirituality and empowerment
381 –382
religious agency in the process of public space making
405 –425
religious assistance in the reception phase
388 –393
religious community: reference and belonging
385 –386
,
401 –402
,
510
religious freedom
412 –415
religious identity
405 –409
religious leader’s functions
386 –387
religious pluralism
391 –392
,
409 –411
,
415
spirituality, therapeutic effect of
388
,
440
supportive function of religion and spirituality
381
unjust suffering, interpretation of
378 –379
US
439 –440
religion in the assessment of asylum
17
,
35
,
37
,
315
,
357
360
,
366
,
369 –370
applications based on impediments to religious freedom
270 –271
asylum seekers from Islam-majority countries
363
Christian asylum seekers
363 –364
,
374
commissioners evaluating the applications
357
,
362
,
363
,
364
,
365 –366
,
367
,
370
,
371 –372
,
377
cultural and political/ideological biases
35
,
367
,
370 –374
forced/voluntary migration distinction
357
,
360
,
363
interviews
369 –370
,
373
,
376 –377
Islam and Muslim asylum seekers
30
,
372 –374
linguistic barriers
363
media and
35
,
366
mediators and translators
367 –369
,
370
persecution, risk of
365
rejection of applications
365
,
371
religion and the borders of forced mobility
357 –366
right to conversion and asylum claim
362 –363
secularism
373 –374
technical biases
35
,
366 –370
unreliable applications/statements
360 –363
violations of religious rights and religious freedoms
355
Italian asylum seekers’ reception system and religion
religion and integration in North America
17
,
434 –442
,
575
citizenship
441 –442
contextual factors
434 –436
culturalization and racialization of Muslims in US
455 –457
identity construction
438
,
439
Islam/Muslims
436
,
455 –457
public discourse
434
,
437
,
455
,
483 –484
recent developments
436
,
454 –457
religion and adaptation process
439 –440
religion as barrier to integration
434
,
455 –456
religion as catalyst of integration
434
,
435 –436
,
437 –442
,
454
,
575
religious conversion
438 –439
spiritual capital
437 –438
,
440
integration and religion; US
religion and integration in Western Europe
17
,
433
,
442 –454
European context
442 –448
European institutions and civil society
434
,
462 –463
Islam/Muslims
445 –448
,
449 –454
,
457
,
574
,
575
,
576
migrant religion as category of practice in integration measures
457 –463
migrants’ religion in European social sciences
448 –454
Peace of Westphalia Treaty
443
public discourse
446 –447
,
450
,
451 –452
,
457
recent developments
454 –455
,
457
religion as barrier to integration
17
,
433
,
445 –454
,
457
,
458
,
574
,
575 –576
religion as marker of social divide
445
,
459
religion and private sphere
443
,
444
secularist bias
449 –450
,
453
secularization
442
,
443 –445
,
448
,
449
State-Church relations
443 –444
,
447
Europe; integration and religion
religion: role in decision to migrate
36
,
315
fbos as push/pull actors
39 –40
,
48
,
317 –325
forced/voluntary migration distinction
16 –17
,
23 –24
,
27
,
36
,
315
,
347
,
356
networks and decision to migrate
48
,
317 –318
oppression as violation of religious freedom
355 –356
religion as belief, identity, lifestyle
325 –332
religion as driver of migration
317
,
326
,
329
,
332 –342
religion and contextual/personal variables
342 –349
religious-based persecution’s agents
350 –355
religious freedom
17
,
315
religious identity
17
,
315
,
405
religious leaders
508
sending context characterized by minority groups discrimination/abuse
337 –341
sending context characterized by violations of minority groups rights
336 –337
sending context compromised by religious-based conflicts/persecutions
333 –336
fbos
interreligious dialogue
470
,
497
,
499
on religious persecution
489
secularism as component of modernity
484 –485
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices
religious affiliation
41
,
47
,
70
,
693
cosmopolitan nature of
39
as driver of migration
569
Italy
691
Palestine
164
religious disaffiliation
31
,
580 –581
,
658
sense of belonging and
406
subjectivity and
96
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence
religious agency
32
,
71
,
73
,
376
in the process of (forced) migrants’ public space making
47
,
47
,
53
,
71
,
405 –425
religious belonging
believing without belonging
78
,
464
belonging without believing
464
importance of
65
,
70
,
100 –101
intergenerational religious transmission
580
multi-cultural schools: awareness of religious belonging and self-affirmation
38
,
687
,
706
post-secular society and
12
religious belonging and personal religiosity
206 –209
,
207
,
208
,
209
religious discrimination
38
of Christians
469 –470
Copts in Egypt
188
,
189
,
197
,
340 –341
,
342
,
586
,
592
,
593
,
603 –604
,
611
,
619
,
622 –627
,
629 –631
,
635 –636
in education
337 –339
,
340
French republican schools
764
,
767
,
769
Italy
297 –298
labor-related
339
,
340 –341
religious diversity
7
,
33
Catalonian public schools
673
,
770
,
771
,
772
,
774 –779
,
780 –781
hostility towards
226
as identity challenge
40
Middle East
147 –148
,
155
,
164 –165
,
167
multi-cultural schools: interreligious conflicts
749 –750
neglected topic in educational studies
20
religious diversity in Italian educational studies
719 –721
schools/public schools multi-religiosity
20
,
655 –656
,
657
,
658
,
663
,
665
,
669
US
434 –435
,
437
,
446
religious pluralism
religious freedom
6
,
32 –40
,
679
Coptic minors in Italy
621 –622
,
627 –632
democracy and
5
,
33
,
35
,
37
,
38
,
411
,
415
,
422 –423
as driver of migration
27
,
35
,
111
,
123
ethics of hospitality
70 –71
Europe
587
‘freedom’ as necessary attribute of religion
33
,
52
human dignity and
32
individual freedom/religious freedom link
35
Islam
71
legal protection of
46
as main line of research
12
,
27
,
32 –40
,
54
,
405
,
682
oppression as violation of the right
355 –356
recognition of
29 –30
,
507
religion and adaptation process
412 –415
religion: role in decision to migrate
17
,
315
religious minorities and violation of
111
right to believe
336
,
351
,
679
,
693
right to choose one’s religion
268
,
679
,
730
,
745 –746
,
751
right to conversion
113 –114
,
270
,
351
,
694
right to manifest a religion/belief
337
,
520
,
679
,
693
schools/public schools
670
,
674
,
682
secularism as threat to
506
a shared space
518
US
434
worship, freedom of
272 –273
,
274
,
291
,
308
,
332
,
339
,
520
,
679
,
691
multi-cultural schools: religious freedom and citizenship
religious freedom right and refugee status
12 –13
,
111
,
123
112
cjeu
13
,
71
,
121
,
122
,
123
,
271
Directive 2011/95/EU
13
,
116
,
117
,
118
,
120
,
121
echr
112
,
113
,
114
,
115
,
118
,
119
,
120
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
115
EU/European law
13
,
24
,
111 –115
,
116
,
118
,
120
,
123
European Court of Human Rights
13
,
118 –120
,
121
,
123
forum externum
113
,
114
forum internum
113
Geneva Convention
13
,
115
,
117
,
118
,
120
Human Rights Committee
114
,
120
,
122
iccpr
112
,
114
,
115
,
122
international law
13
,
24
,
111 –115
,
120
,
123
non-refoulement principle
118 –120
official religion
114
refugee, definition
116 –117
,
120
refugee status
116
,
120
,
121 –122
refugee status, guarantees granted
117
refugee ‘sur place’
117
religion and belief, definitions
112 –113
,
116
religious persecution
120 –122
right to conversion
113 –114
right to manifest a religion/belief, limitations to
115
subsidiary protection
116
,
117 –118
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
111 –112
,
114
violation of the right does not grant right to protection
122
,
123
violation of the right as persecution
13
,
111
,
121 –122
religious identity
see identity
religious illiteracy
29
,
425
,
655
,
666
integration and
30
Italy
30
,
41 –42
,
394
,
631
religion privatization/individualization and
691
religious intolerance
3
,
32
,
44
,
49
,
469
religious leaders and pastoral operators
23
,
31
as agents of mass migration
319
,
508 –509
Coptic families in Italy and
608
,
609 –610
,
612
interreligious dialogue
230
migrants’ spiritual needs, perception of
396 –398
misleading interpretation of religion by
34
,
420 –421
as persecution agents
350 –352
preaching salvation in terms of ‘prosperity’
319
,
387
reception aids and conversion
402 –403
religion and adaptation process
386 –387
religion: role in decision to migrate
508 –509
‘religious illiteracy’
30
role in the reception path
389
shared approach on migrants and refugees
390 –391
training of
38 –39
,
524
religious minorities
6
,
226
asylum system as instrument to facilitate expulsion of
40
Copts in Egypt
26
,
41
,
181
,
184
,
194
,
589
,
594
double minority status
599
Italy
393 –394
Middle East
164
,
167
,
183
,
184
,
205
migrants as
520
persecution of
9
in refugee camps
63
,
65 –66
,
67
religious freedom, violation of
111
rights of
32
sending context characterized by minority groups discrimination/abuse
337 –341
sending context characterized by violations of minority groups rights
336 –337
Syria
55
,
157
,
165
,
167
,
187
,
206
religious neutrality
Europe
99
French education system
760
schools/public schools
29
,
46
,
656
,
659
,
666
,
676
,
680
,
711
,
712 –713
,
714
,
747
unhcr
65 –66
religious persecution
120 –122
,
358
28
,
31
,
604 –606
,
612
asylum request for
28
combination of political, ethnic, religious social dimensions
489
,
491
,
495
context of persecution and culture of host countries
495
conversion, persecution in case of
283
,
284 –285
,
491
Coptic minors in Italy
620
,
621
,
625
,
629 –630
,
635
as driver of migration
18
,
43
,
466 –467
,
489 –491,
492 –494,
495
intergenerational religious transmission and
586 –587
Middle East: Christians
50
,
175
,
183
by newcomers
411 –412
religion/ethnicity lack of distinction
490
of religious minorities
9
re-persecuted (non-Muslim) refugees
65 –67
sending context compromised by religious-based conflicts/persecutions
333 –336
states of origin of migrants
489
,
490
,
491
torture
122
,
285
,
400
,
490
,
624
transnational character of
320
trauma caused by
490 –491
,
615
violation of the right of religious freedom as persecution
13
,
111
,
121 –122
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices; persecution
religious persecution, agents of
350 –355
civil society’s actors
352
family members
352 –355
,
491
religious leaders
350 –352
religious pluralism
45
,
47
Archdiocese of Milan
393
,
529 –535
,
546 –548
as cause of conflict
107
democracy and
15
education in
15
,
38
,
391
,
393
,
410
,
415
Europe
105 –107
France
758
integration and
391
Italy
393
,
425
,
662
,
709
multi-cultural schools: religious freedom and citizenship
21
,
45
,
676
,
706 –707
,
709 –710
post-secular society
105 –108
religion and adaptation process
391 –392
,
409 –411
,
415
schools/public schools
655
,
662
,
667 –668
,
675
,
676
,
681
,
714
as source of cultural enrichment
107
as threat to cultural identity of host societies
715
US
435
religious diversity
religious symbols
312n49
,
389
,
447
,
464
,
618
,
712
France
754
France, ban on wearing religious symbols in schools
757
,
758
,
760
identity and
687 –688
kirpan
299
,
301 –302
laicism and
711
medals
382
in prisons
313
in schools
666n10
,
675
,
687 –688
,
695
,
711 –712
,
718
,
725
,
747
stereotypes according to
687 –688
uncut-hair
687
crucifix; female veil
religious wars
335
,
506 –507
remc study (Religious Education in Multicultural Europe: Children, Parents and Schools)
718
remittances
191
,
318
repatriation
37
,
279
detention centers for repatriation
287n26
,
290 –292
research and methodology
9
,
27
,
315 –317
,
466 –469
,
504
,
620 –621
empirical evidence
8 –9
,
15
,
24
,
207
,
317 –318
,
573 –586
,
587
,
721
fgds (focus groups discussion)
9
,
16
,
18
,
20
,
21
,
315
,
362
,
620
,
673
,
673 –675
,
724
,
726 –729
,
731 –734
,
736
,
739 –740
,
750
fieldwork
27
hypotheses
9 –11
,
317
,
376
interviews
9
,
16
,
20
,
27
,
316 –317
,
467
,
601 –602
,
773
Italy
15 –22
key issues and provisional conclusions
22 –52
linguistic barriers
316
,
602
main lines of research
12
,
25 –50
,
53 –54
,
405
,
682
Middle East
13 –14
,
25
right-wing politics
55
anti-Muslim rhetoric
455
drama triangle and right-wing populism
64
,
65
right-wing authoritarianism
61
Rushdie, Salman
447
the sacred
385
,
395
desacralization and desecration of religion
78
,
79
magical-sacral reference
91
religion/the sacred relationship
98n29
re-sacralization of social ties
464
‘sacred space of the infinite’
109 –110
secularization and
76
,
78
,
79 –80
,
81
,
91
,
96
al-Sadat, Anwar
188 –189
,
190
,
192
Sant’Egidio Community
467
,
473,
474 –476
Agents of Peace movement
470
,
473
,
486
,
495
,
499
‘Humanitarian Corridors’ program
322 –323
,
519
interreligious dialogue
473
,
499 –500
language school
470
racism/socio-cultural integration opposition
486
recipients of services by
473
on religious persecution
485
,
489 –490
,
495
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices
Sarkozy, Nicolas
758
,
768
Saudi Arabia
164
,
176
,
249
schools/public schools
6
,
10
,
20 –21
,
37 –38
,
655 –656
aa (alternative activity)
662 –663
,
667
atheism
664
,
665
,
714
challenges and dilemmas
661
citizenship
670
,
674
,
676
,
682
,
714
common good
670
,
675
,
682
,
714
Council of Europe on re
660
,
661
,
666
,
713
cultural change
655
,
709
demographic change
655
denominational re
659
,
660
,
665
educational integration and religious identity
671 –672
Europe, re in
659 –661
female veil wore in
447n3
,
666n10
,
687 –688
,
701
,
702
,
757
,
758
,
760
fundamentalism
655
,
660
identity
670
,
674
,
682
immigration-religion-education link
21
intercultural dialogue
21
,
675
,
676
,
714
interdisciplinary and intercultural approach to re
661
interethnic relationships in
669 –670
interreligious curriculum
667
,
668
,
710
interreligious dialogue
665 –669
,
676
intersectionality
672
irc (Catholicism)
311
,
661 –665
,
667 –668
,
702
,
709
,
710
Islam
666
,
667
,
668 –669
,
699 –700
,
702 –703
,
704
,
705 –706
Italy
677 –678
,
709
Italy, re in
311 –312
,
661 –669
laïcité
659
,
660
,
664
,
666n10
,
711 –713
learning from/into/about religion
659 –660
migrant/foreign students
677 –678
multi-ethnicity
20
,
663
,
679
,
694
multi-religiosity
20
,
655 –656
,
657
,
658
,
663
,
665
,
669
non-denominational re
660
radicalization
655
,
669
re (religious education)
20
,
311 –312
,
659 –669
,
680
,
681
,
707 –708
religion, role in multi-cultural schools
21
,
659
religious freedom
670
,
674
,
682
religious neutrality
29
,
46
,
656
,
659
,
666
,
676
,
680
,
711
,
712 –713
,
714
,
747
religious pluralism
655
,
662
,
667 –668
,
675
,
676
,
681
,
714
religious symbols in
666n10
,
675
,
687 –688
,
695
,
711 –712
,
718
,
725
,
747
research and methodology
669 –675,
673 –675,
678
secular education
664
,
679
,
688
,
712
,
757
,
711 –712
secularization/secularism
655
,
656
,
657 –661
,
663
,
669
,
679 –681
,
695 –696
,
705
teaching of religion
305
,
458
,
656
as training grounds for democratic citizenship
21
,
46
,
676
,
680
,
714
Catalonian public schools; French republican schools: laïcité and religions; multi-cultural schools: interreligious conflicts; multi-cultural schools: religious freedom and citizenship; teachers
Scola, Angelo, Cardinal
530
,
536
,
546
,
592
at sea
349
,
382 –383
death at
400 –401
‘Prayer of hope’
400
journey
sectarianism
see Middle East: sectarianism
secularism/secularization
5
,
23
,
50
,
569 –570
American secularism
484
assertive secularism
99
challenging the essentiality of religious dimension
505 –506
Christianist secularism
61
European secularism
484
,
497
Germany
80
Italy
267
,
292
,
314
,
388
,
709
Lebanon, secular approach
210 –211
,
212
,
213
,
216
,
223
Middle East
154
,
163 –164
,
166
militant secularism
99
Peace of Westphalia Treaty
443
phenomenological and ‘experience-near’ dimension of
696
,
708
political secularism
444
,
680
positive secularism
758
pre-secularized States
9
,
28
religion in the assessment of asylum
373 –374
religion and integration in Western Europe
442
,
443 –445
,
448
,
449
religious affiliations and social coexistence, secular approach
211
,
221 –225
,
230
the sacred and
76
,
78
,
79 –80
,
81
,
91
,
96
schools/public schools
655
,
656
,
657 –661
,
663
,
669
,
679 –681
,
695 –696
,
705
Secular Feminism
15
,
232
,
240
,
247
,
247
,
249
secularist bias
449 –450
,
453
social dimension of
680
threats to religious freedom
506
UK
80
US, passive secularism
434
,
435
‘weak secularization’
21
,
676
West’s secular normality
448
,
449
France; French republican schools: laïcité and religions; post-secular society; secularization, theses of
secularization, theses of
75
,
76 –81
,
83
,
679
,
681
,
693
ambivalence of secularization processes
89 –91
desacralization and desecration of religion
78
,
79
modernity and religion
77
,
79
,
104
,
106
privatization of religion
77
,
78 –79
,
81
,
109
‘prophecies’ of classics of sociology
76 –77
,
106
Protestant Reformation
83
religious pluralism
106
secularization as process of liberation from religion and its dogmas
77
,
80 –81
secularization and religion as not mutually exclusive
83 –84
,
104
transposition of religion to the secular sphere
78
,
79 –80
post-secular society; secularization/secularism
sending countries
26
,
39
,
342
complexity of contexts
360
,
366
cultural distance from
366
fbos in
517
‘home country’ as intergenerational religious transmission pivot
579
lack of democracy in
5
religious dimension in migration policies and programs
521
religious landscape of
3
,
35
,
369
,
381
safe country of origin
285 –286
,
286 –287n26
sending context characterized by minority groups discrimination/abuse
337 –341
sending context characterized by violations of minority groups rights
336 –337
sending context compromised by religious-based conflicts/persecutions
333 –336
Middle East
Service for Ecumenism and Dialogue
467
,
476,
479 –482,
482 –483
,
488
483
interreligious dialogue
482
,
500
,
501
religion and social integration
500
,
501
on religious persecution
491
fbos: religious persecution and religious dimension of practices
sexual orientation
313
,
358
homosexuality
30
,
99
,
289 –290
,
358
,
371
,
372
persecutions and discrimination because of
289 –290
,
294
Shariʿa
296
Islam and typologies of feminisms
244
,
245
,
246
mena countries and
233
patriarchy and
33
,
233
,
240
radicalization
234
,
241
‘return to Shariʿa’
234
,
241
,
250
Shariʿa/fiqh distinction
233
Middle East: religious affiliations and social coexistence: Shariʿa; Shariʿa law and women’s rights
Shariʿa law and women’s rights (mena countries)
15
,
33 –34
,
231
2011 Arab Uprisings and women’s rights
15
,
241 –244
,
249 –250
Arab Transformations Project
231 –232
,
244
,
245
cedaw acceptance and Shariʿa law
234 –240,
236 –238,
242
,
249
mena countries, gender cultures in
232 –234
,
239
,
249
mena countries, gender (in)equality
235
,
238
,
239
,
248
mena, Islam and post-colonialism
233
patriarchy
33
,
240
,
248
religion and gender equality
239
secularization vs radicalization
15
,
34
women’s rights in mena countries
242 –243
Islam and typologies of feminisms
Shenuda iii, Coptic Patriarch
190
,
193 –196
,
198
,
199
,
590
Shia Muslims
54
,
149
,
172
,
207n1
,
210
,
226
Arab/Iranian Shiism
172
Hizb Allah
169
internal diversity
148
Sunni/Shia divide
148
,
166
,
170
,
172
,
174
,
185
,
230
Muslims
Sikhism/Sikhs
112n7
,
655
kirpan
299
,
301 –302
Sikhs in Italy
299
,
301 –302
,
307
uncut-hair as religious symbol
687
al-Sisi, Abd al-Fattah
173
,
188
,
201
,
202
,
203
,
204
,
243
,
258
social inclusion
441
,
678
civil society organizations
462
fbos
463
religion and
460
Spain
770
Catholic education
772
cultural diversity
772
educational decentralization
771
,
772
grant-aided schools
777 –778
,
779
,
781
intercultural education
771 –772
parental authority over children’s education
772
Spanish Constitution and laws on education
772
,
779
Catalonian public schools
special protection
274
,
288
spirituality
10
,
75
importance of
505
religion/spirituality relationship
96
therapeutic effect of
48
,
388
sprar (Protection System for Asylum Seekers and Refugees)
291
,
294
,
322
stateless persons
116n25
,
117
,
282
,
285
,
286n26
strangeness
55
,
56
,
57n3
,
384
,
424
subsidiary protection
118
Directive 2011/95/EU
116
,
117
Italian asylum seekers’ reception system and religion
274
,
278
,
282
,
283
,
288
torture and
117
,
282
Sunni Muslims
54 –55
,
207n1
,
210
,
226
internal diversity
148
schools of law
148
Sunni/Shia divide
148
,
166
,
170
,
172
,
174
,
185
,
230
‘Turk’ and
155
Muslims
Sweden
66
,
67n22
,
600
‘Synod from the Peoples’
see Archdiocese of Milan: ‘Synod from the Peoples’
2011 Uprising
172
,
187
,
241
2015 Syrian flux
54
Baʿthist regime
157
,
161
,
167
cedaw acceptance
235
,
243
Christians in
66
,
165
,
187
civil war
187
diversity
157
,
165
‘institutionalized’ Islam
185 –186
is/isis
187
religious minorities
55
,
157
,
165
,
167
,
187
,
206
sectarianism
150
‘Syrian women for the Syrian revolt’
244
women’s rights
243
,
244
Taoism
112n7
Tawadros ii, Coptic Patriarch
201
,
202
,
203
,
204
,
591
,
594
Taylor, C.
90
,
91
,
92
,
96
,
97
,
101
,
103
,
109
,
695 –696
teachers
617
Catalonian public schools
776 –781 passim
Coptic children, discrimination against by teachers
624
,
631
irc teachers
662
,
663
,
664
,
667
lack of sensitivity to minority religious beliefs
718
multi-cultural schools: interreligious conflicts
722
,
724
,
725
,
729 –730,
731 –734,
734 –738
,
743 –744
,
746 –749
multi-cultural schools: religious freedom and citizenship
30
,
32
,
684
,
688 –692
,
701 –704
,
708
,
710 –711
religion teachers
32
,
671 –672
religion teachers, reduction of religion by
30
,
668
religious identity
32
teachers’ management of conflict
738
,
752
training of
668
words, attitudes, behaviors emerging in religious-based conflicts
735 –737
,
736
education; schools/public schools
terrorism
3
,
343
,
681
9/11 attacks
145
,
153
,
436
,
455
,
574
Copts in Egypt and Islamist terrorism
190
,
192
,
198 –203
France, terrorist attacks
373
,
420
,
456
,
761
Iraq, anti-Christian terrorist organizations
346 –347
Islam and
28
Islamist terrorism against Copts in Egypt
190
,
192
,
198 –203
,
335
,
592 –593
,
627
jihadist terrorism
202 –203
,
436
,
454 –455
,
458
,
459
US mass shootings
456
Boko Haram
Thailand
63
theocracy
33
,
233
,
247
,
249
,
411
Tibet
329
,
344
,
377
,
384
torture
243
,
285
,
294
non-refoulement principle and
118
,
120
,
121
prohibition of
113
,
119
religious minorities
111
religious persecution
122
,
285
,
400
,
490
,
624
special protection and
274
subsidiary protection and
117
,
282
training
Catalonian public schools: teachers’ training
776
,
777
,
779
,
780
,
781
interreligious/intercultural dialogue as training ground for democratic citizenship
21
,
46
,
676
of religious leaders, operators, public officials
38 –39
,
524
the transcendent/transcendence
52
,
80
,
95
,
109 –110
,
303
,
512
,
514
,
570 –571
,
707
immanence/transcendence relation
101 –103
,
465
,
570
openness to
104
,
504
,
505
post-secular society
101 –103
,
570
secularization and
76
,
506
transcendent ethical norms
49
,
82
trust in the transcendent
509
transit countries
349
,
366
,
370
fbos in
517
religious dimension in migration policies and programs
521 –522
Trump, Donald
455
Muslim travel ban
57
,
455
religious minorities and
62
Tunisia
2011 Uprising
172
,
241
,
249 –250
cedaw acceptance
235
,
242
,
249
secular perspective
249 –250
women’s rights/gender equality
242
,
247
,
248
,
249 –250
Turkey
155
,
159
,
163 –164
,
489
UK (United Kingdom)
Pakistani Christians in
62 –63
‘Prevent’ strategy
459 –460
secularization
80
Yarl’s Wood Immigration Removal Centre
58 –59
,
68 –69
UN (United Nations)
1951 UN Refugee Convention
63
‘Global Compact on Refugees’
51
,
522
,
524
‘Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration’
522
,
523 –524
International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
296
religious dimension in migration policies and programs
522
unhcr (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)
gender-based persecution
289
Guidelines on International Protection: Religion-Based Refugee Claims…
325
refugee claims based on basic human needs
54n2
religion as belief, identity, and way of life
276
,
326
religious neutrality
65 –66
United Arab Emirates
176
,
235
,
249
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
111 –112
,
114
,
512
,
679
,
694
US (United States)
1965 Immigration and Naturalization Services Act
437
2003 military operations in Iraq
171 –172
,
346
,
348
2016 election
61 –62
Americanization of newcomers
433
,
435
American secularism
484
anti-refugee sentiment
456
Christian immigrants in
62
,
511
conversion to Christianity
575
Europe/US comparison
7 –8
,
85
as ‘ideal-type’ of immigration country
7
,
17
,
435
institutionalization of religion
434
irregular migration from Latin America
456
Islam
436
Islamophobia
455
,
456
mass shootings
456
Middle East and
145
passive secularism
434
,
435
religion in
7 –8
,
23
,
85
,
434 –435
religion and adaptation process
439 –440
‘religion-friendly’ context
436
,
437
,
455
religious diversity
434 –435
,
437
,
446
religious freedom
434
religious pluralism
435
State Church
434
religion and integration in North America
Venezuela
339
,
343
,
384 –385
violence
Coptic minors in Italy: violence and fear
621
,
622 –627
Copts in Egypt, sectarian violence
188
,
190
,
192 –193
,
198 –203
,
279
,
334
,
335
,
592 –593
,
604
,
619
,
622 –625
,
626
gender-based violence
234
,
243
,
244
,
294
impact on children
615 –617
Middle East: sectarian violence
14
,
26
,
174
,
175
,
192
,
196
multi-cultural schools: religious-based violence
742
,
743
,
751
physical violence
633
,
634
,
734
,
740
,
741
,
742
,
751
in refugee camps
349
refugees and
54
sexual violence
58n4
,
243
,
294
Boko Haram; terrorism
Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia)
61
,
458
‘Humanitarian Corridors’ program
322 –323
,
519
Weber, M.
76
,
78
,
79
,
91
,
94
,
433
,
693
Weisst Du Wer Ich bin?
519
Westernization
240
,
243
witchcraft
288
women
358
in detention centers
58 –59
,
69
discrimination toward female asylum seekers
33
domestic violence
288 –289
excision
273
,
354
,
358
forced sterilization
354
,
358
genital mutilation/female circumcision
273
,
288
,
299
,
354
girls
68
Italian asylum seekers’ reception system and religion
276
,
287 –289
Muslim women
72
,
216
,
223
,
583
Nigerian women
319
,
359
,
364
religious persecution
491
sexual violence/rape
58n4
,
68
,
276
traditionalism and
216
,
223
female veil; gender-related issues; marriage and divorce; Shariʿa law and women’s rights
World Council of Churches
518
xenophobia
57n3
,
506
,
524
,
657
,
671
,
682
,
769
Yemen
354 –355
2011 Uprising
241
cedaw acceptance
235
Islamism
243
,
420 –421
women’s rights
243
young people
agnosticism
655
,
691
atheism
655
,
691
Copts in Egypt: political activism
198
,
199
,
200
,
203 –204
Lebanon: traditionalism
230
zombipolitics
63
,
67 –70
zoopolitics
53
,
63
,
65
,
69
anti-Muslim zoopolitics
59 –60
,
61
definition
58