War and Demography: The Case of Hungary 1521â1718

ZoltÃ¡n GyÃ¶re

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ChapterÂ 14 War and Demography: The Case of Hungary 1521â1718

In: The Treaties of Carlowitz (1699)

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ZoltÃ¡n GyÃ¶re

ZoltÃ¡n GyÃ¶re
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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 253â272

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004414280_016

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Abstract

The Treaty of Carlowitz represents one of the most important turning points in the history of Hungary. After more than one hundred and fifty years almost the entire territory of Hungary was liberated from Ottoman rule and united under one sceptre.

Period of time from 1521 to 1718 was extremely hard for the population of Hungary: there were fourteen wars waged against the Ottoman Empire and, with the aim of preserving Hungarian state sovereignty and guaranteeing the free exercise of the Protestant religion, Estates of Hungary and Transylvania had to wage an additional seven wars against the Habsburg Monarchy. Altogether in the examined period there were twenty-one wars that lasted for a total of approximately ninety-three years.

One of the long-lasting consequences of those wars were deep changes in demographic movements. Huge losses due to prolonged war conditions caused stagnation in the population for over 180 years, even with the large-scale immigration from adjoining countries. A direct consequence of the military actions along with massive immigration, was a thorough change in the ethnic composition of the population of Hungary during which the proportion of Hungarians was reduced from 75â80 per cent to only 50 per cent, with a tendency towards further decline due to continuing immigration. Because of these developments there was a change in the character of the state. It became a highly multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural society with all the problems that, as a result of the aforementioned change, emanated from it in the age of emerging nationalism from the first half of nineteenth century onwards.

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The Treaties of Carlowitz (1699)

Antecedents, Course and Consequences

Series:Â The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage, Volume: 69

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004414280

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 28 Nov 2019

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ChapterÂ 14 War and Demography: The Case of Hungary 1521â1718

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The Treaties of Carlowitz (1699)

Antecedents, Course and Consequences

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ChapterÂ 14 War and Demography: The Case of Hungary 1521â1718