Abbreviations
| A | adjunct |
| ACC | accusative (case) |
| ACT | active (voice) |
| adj./ADJ | adjective |
| ADV | adverb |
| AdvP | adverb(ial) phrase |
| AmE | American English |
| AOR | aorist (tense) |
| AUX | auxiliary (verb) |
| BNC | British National Corpus |
| BrE | British English |
| CO | object complement |
| COCA | Corpus of Contemporary American English |
| COHA | Corpus of Historical American English |
| COMP | complementiser |
| CONJ | conjunction |
| CONTAmE | Contemporary American English |
| CONTBrE | Contemporary British English |
| CONV | conversation |
| DAT | dative (case) |
| DEF | definite (article) |
| DP | determiner phrase |
| EME | Early Middle English |
| EModE | Early Modern English |
| F | feminine (gender) |
| FUT | future |
| GEN | genitive (case) |
| HPSG | Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar |
| IMPERF | imperfect (tense) |
| impers. | impersonal |
| INF/inf. | infinitive |
| INJC | interjection |
| IPFV | imperfective (aspect) |
| L | Latin |
| LFG | Lexical Functional Grammar |
| LOE | Late Old English |
| M | masculine (gender) |
| ME | Middle English |
| ModE | Modern English |
| n. | noun |
| NEG | negative |
| NOM | nominative (case) |
| NP | noun phrase |
| NT | neuter (gender) |
| O | object |
| OB | Old Bulgarian |
| OCS | Old Church Slavonic |
| OE | Old English |
| OED | Oxford English Dictionary |
| ON | Old Norse |
| PASS | passive (voice) |
| PDE | Present-Day English |
| PFV | perfective (aspect) |
| PL | plural (number) |
| PP | prepositional phrase |
| PPTCP | past participle |
| Pred | predicate |
| PREF | prefix |
| PRES | present (tense) |
| PTCP | participle |
| refl./REFL | reflexive |
| S | subject |
| sb. | somebody |
| SBJV | subjunctive (mood) |
| SG | singular (number) |
| V | verb |
| VOC | vocative (case) |
| VP | verb phrase |