Figures
- 1.1Comparisons within and between objects and categories. Source: Created by Authorâ14
- 1.2Separating out a new category because of core differences. Source: Created by Authorâ15
- 1.3Splitting a category or set of objects into new subcategories. Source: Created by Authorâ16
- 1.4Controlled comparison. Source: Created by Authorâ18
- 1.5Abstracting the specific abstract out of the general abstract. Source: Created by Authorâ23
- 1.6Identifying general concrete conditions that correspond with specific abstract categories. Source: Created by Authorâ23
- 1.7aIdentifying specific concrete examples within the general concrete (I). Source: Created by Authorâ24
- 1.7bIdentifying specific concrete examples within the general concrete (II). Source: Created by Authorâ25
- 1.8The act of re-abstracting. Source: Created by Authorâ26
- 1.9The push and pull of categories in the act of re-abstracting. Source: Created by Authorâ28
- 1.10Splitting and re-abstracting the specific concrete into general concrete categories. Source: Created by Authorâ29
- 1.11Re-abstracting the general concrete into the specific abstract and then into the general abstract. Source: Created by Authorâ30
- 1.12aRe-abstracting the general concrete into the general abstract with the specific concrete shifting to the specific abstract in an internal model set. Source: Created by Authorâ31
- 1.12bRe-abstracting the general concrete into the general abstract with the specific concrete shifting to separate specific abstract categories in an external model set. Source: Created by Authorâ32
- 1.13A model of Marxâs successive abstractions along multiple pathways. Source: Created by Authorâ34
- 1.14Points of comparison within a model set. Source: Created by Authorâ36
- 1.15Distinguishing the mode of production from the process of circulation. Source: Created by Authorâ38
- 1.16Splitting the mode of production into subcategories. Source: Created by Authorâ38
- 1.17External comparisons between different model sets. Source: Created by Authorâ42
- 2.1aModes of production via successive abstractions (I). Source: Created by Authorâ92
- 2.1bModes of production via successive abstractions (II). Source: Created by Authorâ93
- 5.1Levels of abstraction for a study of religion from broad to narrow. Source: Created by Authorâ206
List
- 3.1Proposed research schedule for the relation between slavery and violence. Source: Created by Authorâ119
Tables
- 1.1Conceptual doublets in Marxâs method of successive abstractions. Source: Created by Authorâ20
- 2.1From society in general to modes of production. Source: Created by Authorâ52
- 2.2From history to productive relations and economic processes across modes of production. Source: Created by Authorâ53
- 2.3From production in general to specific relations and processes across them. Source: Created by Authorâ53
- 2.4Comparing differences in general constants across historical systems as a method to build models of modes of production. Source: Created by Authorâ54
- 2.5From productive relations and economic processes across historical social systems to specific concrete examples. Source: Created by Authorâ64
- 2.6From modes of production in general to specific productive relations and economic processes. Source: Created by Authorâ66
- 2.7Differentiating non-class and class systems. Source: Created by Authorâ67
- 2.8Constants, variables, and constructing models of modes of production via comparisons. Source: Created by Authorâ68
- 2.9From common productive relations and economic processes to primitive communism. Source: Created by Authorâ70
- 2.10From common productive relations and economic processes to the ancient mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ73
- 2.11From common productive relations and economic processes to the Asiatic mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ75
- 2.12From common productive relations and economic processes to the feudal mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ78
- 2.13From common productive relations and economic processes to the capitalist mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ90
- 2.14From production in general to modes of production to specific societies. Source: Created by Authorâ91
- 2.15Marxâs taxonomy of modes of production. Source: Created by Authorâ94
- 2.16The causal effects of usury in primitive communism. Source: Created by Authorâ99
- 2.17The causal effects of usury in the ancient mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ99
- 2.18The causal effects of usury in the Asiatic mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ100
- 2.19The causal effects of usury in the feudal mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ100
- 2.20The causal effects of usury in the capitalist mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ101
- 3.1Labor from production of value in general to laborâs products across modes of production. Source: Created by Authorâ104
- 3.2From the production of surplus-value in general to specific labor relations. Source: Created by Authorâ105
- 3.3From class systems in general to specific histories of class societies. Source: Created by Authorâ108
- 3.4Comparing slavery in Rome and the Americas with each other. Source: Created by Authorâ122
- 3.5From slavery in general to particular laws, practices, times, places, etc. in Rome and in the Americas. Source: Created by Authorâ123
- 3.6British slavery in the Caribbean and North American slavery: similarities. Source: Created by Authorâ128
- 3.7Comparing British slavery in the Caribbean with North American slavery. Source: Created by Authorâ129
- 3.8Comparing capitalist slavery across regions, times, and policy changes. Source: Created by Authorâ132
- 3.9From production in general to specific modes of production. Source: Created by Authorâ134
- 3.10AFrom production in general to similarities among specific class systems. Source: Created by Authorâ135
- 3.10BFrom production in general to differences between specific class systems. Source: Created by Authorâ136
- 3.11From class systems in general to capitalism and its history. Source: Created by Authorâ137
- 3.12From the capitalist mode of production to empirical detail. Source: Created by Authorâ138
- 3.13From the capitalist mode of production to empirical detail: Dutch Colonial Empire. Source: Created by Authorâ142
- 3.14From the capitalist mode of production to empirical detail: rise of English manufacturing. Source: Created by Authorâ142
- 3.15From the capitalist mode of production to empirical detail: The Industrial Revolution. Source: Created by Authorâ143
- 3.16From the capitalist mode of production to empirical detail: monopoly capitalism. Source: Created by Authorâ144
- 3.17From the capitalist mode of production to empirical detail: transnational capitalism. Source: Created by Authorâ144
- 3.18From the capitalist mode of production to empirical detail: global capitalism. Source: Created by Authorâ145
- 3.19From the capitalist mode of production to its historical stages and specific organizations, periods, and events. Source: Created by Authorâ146
- 3.20From capitalism in general and its historical stages to specific industries. Source: Created by Authorâ147
- 3.21From the transition from industrial capitalism to transnational capitalism and specific industries and corporations. Source: Created by Authorâ148
- 3.22From capitalism in general to a specific banking house across stages of capitalist development. Source: Created by Authorâ148
- 4.1Religion as a specific form of knowledge in general. Source: Created by Authorâ154
- 4.2From religion as a specific form of knowledge in general to religionâs general forms. Source: Created by Authorâ155
- 4.3From religion in general to types of theisms and their representations. Source: Created by Authorâ156
- 4.4From monotheism in general to specific religious studies. Source: Created by Authorâ157
- 4.5From religion in general to specific universalistic theisms. Source: Created by Authorâ158
- 4.6From religion in general to specific universalistic monotheisms. Source: Created by Authorâ159
- 4.7From religion in general to required universalistic monotheisms. Source: Created by Authorâ160
- 4.8From Christianity in general to Roman Catholic institutions and churches. Source: Created by Authorâ161
- 4.9From Christianity in general to similarities within Protestantism. Source: Created by Authorâ161
- 4.10From Christianity in general to differences among Protestantism. Source: Created by Authorâ162
- 4.11Comparing Protestantism with Catholicism. Source: Created by Authorâ163
- 4.12From Christianity in general to comparing Catholicism in general to its historical changes. Source: Created by Authorâ163
- 4.13From Catholicism in general to comparison of its historical periods with each other. Source: Created by Authorâ164
- 4.14From religion in general to comparing Sunni and Shia Islam. Source: Created by Authorâ165
- 4.15From religion in general to a comparison of authority structures across three different religious traditions. Source: Created by Authorâ166
- 5.1From animals in general to human emotions and rules based on group relations. Source: Created by Authorâ174
- 5.2From humans and their need for meaning to forms of knowledge. Source: Created by Authorâ175
- 5.3aFrom humans as social animals to socially requisite rules (I). Source: Created by Authorâ177
- 5.3bFrom humans as social animals to socially requisite rules (II). Source: Created by Authorâ178
- 5.4From humans as thinking social beings to religious beliefs in history. Source: Created by Authorâ179
- 5.5From humans as thinking social beings to material forces that shape religious practices. Source: Created by Authorâ180
- 5.6Broad levels of generality and roots of religious rules and ideas. Source: Created by Authorâ182
- 5.7Identifying similarities and differences in specific religionsâ historical forms. Source: Created by Authorâ187
- 5.8Drivers of religious development in society in general. Source: Created by Authorâ193
- 5.9Drivers of religious development in class systems. Source: Created by Authorâ194
- 5.10Religion in society in general and religious development in capitalism. Source: Created by Authorâ207
- 5.11Social forces in class systems and religious development in capitalism. Source: Created by Authorâ208
- 5.12Development of religion in capitalism in general. Source: Created by Authorâ209
- 5.13Development of religion across stages of capitalism. Source: Created by Authorâ210
- 5.14Comparing religionâs variables across historical mode of production. Source: Created by Authorâ211
- 5.15A Marxian religious taxonomy. Source: Created by Authorâ212
- 7.1Socialist and communist societies in Marxâs outlook. Source: Created by Authorâ267
- A.1Terms and topics in American Sociological Review articles, 2009â2018. Source: Created by Authorâ272
- A.2Keywords found in the Preliminary Program for the Southern Sociological Societyâs Annual Meeting (April 10â13, 2019, Atlanta, Georgia). Source: Created by Authorâ279