Index

Bethune, Norman

Biervliet, A. van

Big Five powers (Britain, France, US, USSR, China)

293

451

Big Four powers (Britain, US, USSR, China; World War II)

Bijvanck, G.M.

Black Flag (secret society)

Blaskowitz, Johannes

Blijdenstein, B.M.

Blofeld, John

Blom, F.J.

Blom, N.S.

240

Bo’ao Forum for Asia

419

420

Bodel Bienfait, P.E.H.

188

189

Boetzelaer, E.O. van

Boetzelaer van Asperen, C.W. van

Boetzelaer van Oosterhout, C.G.W.H. van

320

Bogue, Treaty of the (Humen Tiaoyue 虎门条约; Britain-China; 1843)

Boissevain, Gideon W.

Bonaparte, Louis

Boon, Han N.

Borel Rinkes, H.I.

Borneo

Bos, Hendrik

Bosch van Drakestein, H.P.J.

Bot, Ben R.

Bourdrez, François J.M.

Bourdrez, Zabeth (Elizabeth von Meyenburg)

Bourdrez Memorial Scholarship Fund

121

125

Bourdrez Memorial Stone Committee

Boxer indemnity

Boxer Indemnity Conservancy Funds

110

125

466

Boxer Protocol (1901)

Boxer Uprising (1900)

67; a

Braam Houckgeest, Andreas Everardus van

187

Brand, H.S.

Brandeler, Dorone van den

Brazil

Brems, P.C.

Breugel Douglas, Casper van

Britain: in ABCD front, 27, 151, 157–61, 191, 212–14, 445; in Big Five coalition, 293, 451, 470; in Big Four coalition, 8, 153, 213, 321, 328, 445; and Boxer indemnity, 86n8, 87, 88, 110; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 217n13; and Brondgeest’s report, 373; Chinese consular missions in, 79n189, 352; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68n142, 198, 201–3, 204, 237, 341; and Chinese Nationalist government, 34, 154, 198, 332; and Chinese seamen, 167–68; colonies of, 47, 147, 232n78; concessions in China of, 217, 218; consular missions of, 63, 172, 351, 354, 385–86, 440–41; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56n90, 200, 217, 321, 331n166, 332, 385–86, 391, 392; Dutch consular missions in, 62, 193, 340; Dutch diplomatic missions to, 51, 328n152; and Dutch East Indies, 80n190, 150, 316, 351, 464; Dutch government in exile in, 149, 151, 158, 169, 171–72, 200, 235, 427, 468, 470, 476; Dutch relations with, 2, 21, 150, 169, 191, 304, 437; and Dutch-Chinese treaties, 224, 228, 254, 275, 276; economic interests of, 13, 46, 47; and extraterritoriality, 39, 213, 215, 217n11, 219–21, 222n36, 235, 238–43, 245, 254, 256, 275, 276, 469; in Four-Power Treaty, 150n8; and Hong Kong, 5, 63, 384; and Indonesia, 297, 316, 351, 354, 414n260, 471; military presence in China of, 40n24, 41; vs. Netherlands, 1, 460; and Opium Wars, 5, 14, 215, 462; and PRC, 269, 406, 409, 410n243, 411, 412, 413–14, 446; and recognition of PRC, 379–81, 383–89, 392, 400–402, 409, 410, 426, 428, 438, 439; and Taiwan, 422n308; and Treaty of Brussels, 293–94; in UNSC, 293; in World War II, 147, 149–51, 153, 166, 275–76

British-Chinese treaties

Broecke Hoekstra, A. ten

Broek, Hans van den

Brondgeest, C.A.M.

Brussels, Treaty of (1948)

Buck, Pearl

Bückens, F.

Burdett, S.L.

Burma

Burma Road

Buss, M.A.W.

Buurman van Vreeden, Dirk Cornelis

191

469

Bylandt, Willem F.L. van

Cai Xianzhang 蔡咸章 (Y.C. Tsai)

Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培

Canada

251

293; diplomatic missio

Cao Ruquan 曹汝铨 (Yu-Chuan Tsao)

Capa, Robert

Cappelen, D.

Capra, Frank

Carrière, Jan D.

Catholic Church

Catleen-Kolban, Ellen (Ellen Thorbecke)

Cecil, Robert

155

Central Committee for Relief to the Chinese People (Centraal Comité voor Hulpverlening aan de Burgerbevolking van China; Zhongguo Pingmin Jiuji Hui 中国平民救济会)

Central University (Chongqing)

117

Chang, Henry Kunghui. See Zhang Qian

Chang Chen-Chi. See Zhang Chengqi

Chang Kuo Wai. See Zhang Guowei

Chang Pu Ching. See Zhang Buqing

Chang Tseng-Fu. See Zhang Zengfu

Chang Tseng-Lu. See Zhang Zenglu

Chao Hui-mu. See Zhao Huimo

Chapin, Selden

435

Chefoo Convention (1876)

Chen Chuben 陈楚本

Chen Duxiu 陈独秀

359

Chen Gongbo 陈公博

Chen Guofu 陈果夫

Chen Jiliang 陈季良

Chen Kaimao 陈开懋 (Chen Kai Mou)

Chen Lifu 陈立夫

Chen Shaokuan 陈绍宽

Chen Shiguang 陈世光

Chen Yuanping 陈元屏 (Yuan-Ping Chen)

Cheng, C.C. See Zheng Zhaojing

Cheng, F.T. See Zheng Tianxi

Cheng Kai-ming. See Zheng Jiemin

Cheng Ta-Hung. See Zheng Dahong

Chi Ti-fan. See Ji Tifan

Chiang Chia-Tung. See Jiang Jiadong

Chiang Kai-shek. See Jiang Jieshi

Chiang Kai-shek, Madame. See Song Meiling

Chile

162

427

China, Communist. See People’s Republic of China

China, diplomatic history of

China, imperial

13. See also Qi

China, Republican-period

67. See also civil war; Natio

China Democratic League (Zhongguo Minzhu Tongmeng 中国民主同盟)

176

China National Aviation Corporation

308

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

131

268

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Chinese (Mandarin) language

335;

164

469

Chonghou 崇厚

Chongqing (Chungking): Brondgeest’s journey to, 369–70, 469; Chinese Nationalist government in, 295, 296, 383, 467, 472; Dutch consular missions in, 193, 354n290, 419; Dutch embassy in, 27, 180–87, 190, 191, 202, 243, 320–24, 337, 350, 375, 419, 469, 475; Dutch legations in, 27, 116, 156, 158, 160, 162, 170, 174–80, 189–91, 193, 467, 469, 475; Dutch property in, 184, 190; foreign consulates in, 214; hydraulic engineers in, 107, 114–19, 120, 177, 467; Japanese bombing of, 115–16, 140, 148, 149, 177–78, 468; and London, 213; military representatives in, 187, 188, 191, 469; new consulate at (2014), 324; photos of, 140

Christianity

Chubb, J.

Chungking Diary (Payne)

117

citizenship: in 1945 treaty, 257–61; and Chinese Nationalist government, 261; in Dutch East Indies, 232–33, 310, 463; and extraterritoriality, 242–43; in Indonesia, 261, 319; and jus sanguinis, 261, 463, 464; laws on, 233, 234, 261, 463, 464; of overseas Chinese, 211, 223, 229–35, 310, 319; and PRC, 261, 319; in Qing period, 233, 261; treaties on, 234, 300n17, 319, 473. See also Dutch citizens; overseas Chinese

Citters, A.J. van

civil war in China (1911–49)

Cixi (Tze Hsi), Empress Dowager

Clark Kerr, Archibald

161

Clarke, Ashley

238

Claus, Prince (Netherlands)

Cohen Stuart, A.B.

Cold War

Colijn, Hendrikus

colonialism, Dutch

Comintern (Communist International)

359

360

Commission for Trade Relations with China (Dutch East Indies)

Common Program (PRC)

communism: in Indonesia, 317, 359, 390, 432, 436, 471; in Netherlands, 155, 358, 363; in US, 363, 367, 384

Communist Party of Indonesia (Partai Komunis Indonesia)

359

471

Confucius

13; A

Congress of Vienna (1815)

162

217

Consular Convention, Dutch-Chinese (1911)

consular jurisdiction: and 1945 treaty, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258, 260, 275; abolition of (1931), 38, 80, 228, 234, 238, 240, 465; courts for, 61–62, 218; Dutch-Chinese treaties on, 224, 226–27; and extraterritoriality, 61, 215–16, 219, 222, 238n108, 239, 242

consular missions: Belgian, 209, 227n50, 316, 338, 339; British, 62, 63, 193, 340, 354, 385–86, 440–41; vs. diplomatic missions, 22; French, 63; Japanese, 63, 209; ranks in, 76; Swiss, 172, 193, 336; US, 63, 382

consular missions, Chinese

consular missions, Chinese in Netherlands and Dutch overseas territories

consular missions, Dutch

consular missions, Dutch in China

Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention; 1944)

Coode, A.T.

Corps Insulinde

Corts, Willem

Coursin, Léon

Crisis in the Far East, The (Wunsz King)

Crommelin, W.C.

Cuba

cultural relations, Dutch-Chinese

26; Lady Precious Stream

74; a

Cultural Revolution (China)

Curaçao

currency, Chinese

customs revenues

Cutsem, A. van

Cuypers, P.J.H.

Czechoslovakia

204

162

198; diplomatic missio

Dai Anguo 戴安国

Dai Mingfu 戴明辅 (Mingfoe Tai)

136

476

Dalai Lama

422

Dalhuysen, A.F.H.

Davidson, I.W.O.

D-Day invasion

245

De Brug (the bridge; film)

De Gaulle, Charles

373

De geborduurde bal (play; The embroidered ball)

decolonization

Delft

Denmark

224; diplomatic missio

Derksen, J.J.

Dimitrov, Georgi

Ding Wenjiang 丁文江 (V.K. Ting)

127

Ding Zhenwu 丁振武 (Tsung Woo Ding)

350

48; at chargé d’affaires level

diplomatic missions: at chargé d’affaires level, 15, 81, 158, 414–17, 435, 442, 462; embassies vs. legations, 68, 162; and Netherlands-Indonesian Union, 388; upgrading of, 27, 52, 68, 161–64, 170, 181, 204, 213, 214, 217n15, 415–16, 445, 449, 473. See also consular missions; Legation Quarter

diplomatic missions, Chinese

diplomatic missions, Chinese to Netherlands

diplomatic missions, Dutch: to Britain, 204, 328n152; in Europe, 388; to Germany, 59

diplomatic missions, Dutch to China

52; at chargé d’affaires level

378; postwar status of

diplomatic missions, foreign to China

Dissevelt, G.J.

Dobben, A.L.W. van

Dong Biwu 董必武

416

Dong Lin 董霖 (William Tung)

Dong Xianguang 董显光 (Hollington K. Tong)

Dongen, Helen van

Doorman, Karel

Dorolle, Pierre

Dorp, J.G.L. van

Double Tenth Agreement (1945)

Drees, Willem

Drummond, Eric

Dual Nationality Treaty (PRC-Indonesia; 1955)

Duan Maolan 段茂澜

Dujiangyan (Sichuan), irrigation system of

116

Dutch Catholic Party

402

Dutch China Syndicate (Nederlandsch Syndicaat voor China)

Dutch citizens: in China, 195, 223–29, 234, 335; of Chinese descent, 211, 223; and consular missions, 21, 64, 193, 195, 338, 339; and extraterritoriality, 80; Japanese internment of, 123, 172–73, 193, 324, 336, 468; and recognition of PRC, 400, 402–3. See also citizenship; overseas Chinese

Dutch Communist Party

155

358

Dutch Consular Act (Consulaire Wet; 1871)

226

Dutch East India Company (VOC; Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie)

Dutch Friendship Association for Asian Art

Dutch Harbor Construction Company (Nederlandsche Maatschappij voor Havenwerken)

109

Dutch Indies Trading Bank

109

302

338

Dutch language

Dutch Trading Society (Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij)

109

Dutch West India Company (WIC)

Dutch-Chinese relations: early (1600–1840), 11–13; early modern (1840–1927), 13–20; modern, 11, 20–24; in postwar period (1946–50), 24, 26, 27–28, 144, 214, 281–90, 293–442; power dynamics in, 450–53, 454; in prewar period (1927–36), 24, 26–27, 33–139; in recent period (1950–2018), 413–23; scholarship on, 6–11, 20–21; sources for, 26, 27–28, 29, 459–60; in World War II (1937–45), 24, 26, 27, 140–43, 147–277

Duyvendak, J.J.L.

122

125

126. See also hydraulic e

East Asian Affairs Office (Dienst der Oost-Aziatische Zaken; Dutch East Indies)

East Germany

East Indies, Dutch: and 1945 treaty, 166, 223, 236–37, 242–43, 244–48, 257–61, 275; aid to China from, 155–56, 212; and Air Transport Agreement, 306; anti-Chinese violence in, 288, 309–17, 470; and Britain, 80n190, 150, 316, 464; Brondgeest in, 375–76; categories of residents in, 230–31, 233, 234; Chinese consular missions in, 63, 76–82, 207–8, 211–12, 233–34, 239–41, 259, 314, 329, 349–54, 356, 463, 470; and Chinese name, 165; Chinese Nationalist agitation in, 166–67, 235; Chinese students in, 119, 127–28; Chinese trade with, 22, 38, 47–50, 168–69, 234, 302–3, 355, 471; Chinese warships in, 43, 44–45; citizenship in, 232–33, 310, 463; colonialism in, 2–3, 20–22, 24–25, 355, 443–44, 447, 461; and Consular Convention, 77, 212, 233–34, 235, 239, 242; decolonization of, 296–99, 309–19, 320, 355, 368, 439–40, 443, 447; Dutch citizens of Chinese descent in, 23,

East Indies, Dutch (cont.)

211, 223, 233, 257, 260, 310; Dutch containment policy in, 309–10, 313; Dutch legal system in, 23, 227, 236, 244, 245; Dutch military aggression in, 297, 314–15, 317, 318, 329, 351, 355, 376, 443, 452, 471; Dutch warships in, 41, 44; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 8, 20–21, 25–26, 357, 358; economy of, 35–36, 48, 229; Great Depression in, 35–36, 48; immigration to, 45, 223, 229, 230, 466; Japanese occupation of, 7, 40, 123, 152, 160–61, 172–73, 189, 207, 208, 213, 214, 452, 459, 469; Japanese relations with, 9n20, 33n1, 49, 81, 149–51, 154, 157, 212, 230, 232, 464, 468; in postwar period, 302–3, 336, 340, 341, 345, 355, 356; and recognition of PRC, 380, 387; Sneevliet in, 358–59; sympathy for China in, 154, 155–56; in World War II, 4, 149–52, 154, 159, 166–67, 172–73, 187, 276, 350. See also Indonesia; overseas Chinese; Peranakans; Totoks

economic relations, Dutch-Chinese

economy, Chinese

Eden, Anthony

Eighth Route Army (PLA)

369

371

Eight-Nation Alliance (Baguo Lianjun 八国联军)

embassies. See diplomatic missions

engineering, geodetic

Enlightenment, European

Escher, George

Europe: Chinese cultural influence in, 12–13; Chinese missions in, 68; Dutch relations with, 299, 320, 388; missionaries from, 14; in World War II, 213, 221. See also Marshall Plan; North Atlantic Treaty Organization; particular countries

European Union (EU)

Everard, Pieter F.J.

extraterritoriality

469; attempts to abolish

extraterritoriality, Dutch

extraterritoriality, Dutch-Chinese 1945 treaty on

275; postwar status of

Fairbank, John King

Farmer, P.

Feng Jixiu 冯吉修 (Fung Kat-shau)

Feng Yuxiang 冯玉祥

Feng Zhizheng 冯执郑 (Chih Tsing Feng)

Ferguson, Jan Helenus

Fernhout, John

Fijnje van Salverda, J.G.W.

Findlay Andrew, G.

161

Finland

388

Flaes, Reijnier (F.C. Terborgh)

Fokker (firm)

Fontanel, E.

336

Foo Ping-sheung. See Fu Bingchang

Foreign Affairs, Chinese Ministry of (Waijiaobu; 外交部; GMD): and Chinese consulates, 210; and Chinese diplomatic missions, 178, 180, 201, 340; and Chinese name for Holland, 165; and Dutch military mission, 190; and extraterritoriality, 227–28, 236, 248, 250; history of, 67–68; organization of, 196; relocation to Chongqing of, 148; relocation to Nanjing of, 320; in World War II, 148, 195–96

Foreign Affairs, Chinese Ministry of (Waijiaobu; 外交部; PRC): and diplomatic relations with Indonesia, 434–36; and diplomatic relations with Netherlands, 405–7–409, 410–13, 414–16; and preexisting treaties, 267; and recognition, 267, 410, 432–34

Foreign Affairs, Dutch Ministry of

Foreign Affairs Investigation Group (Waishi Zhencha Zu 外事侦察组)

188

Foulkes, Charles

400 Million, The (film)

467

468

Four-Power Treaty (1921)

150

France: assets in China of, 46, 217, 424; in Big Five coalition, 293, 451, 470; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 87, 88, 217n13; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68n142, 198, 346–47; and Chinese Nationalist government, 38, 69, 332, 472; Chinese treaties with, 14, 219n20, 224, 304; consular missions of, 63, 351; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56n90, 321, 331n166, 391; and Dutch East Indies, 80n190, 316, 351, 354, 464; Dutch relations with, 1, 2, 3, 21, 51, 169, 191, 328n152; and extraterritoriality, 14, 215, 217n11, 251n174, 275; in Four-Power Treaty, 150n8; and Geneva Conference, 414n260; in Indochina, 149, 151, 275, 304, 402, 414n260, 431; and Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 464; military of, 40n24; mutiny of Chinese diplomats in, 346–47; overseas territories of, 232n78; and PRC, 269, 379, 380, 385, 386, 401, 460; and Taiwan, 422n308; and Treaty of Brussels, 293; in UNSC, 293; in World War II, 149, 198, 200, 275–76

François, J.P.A.

Free French Forces

Fremery, H.J.D. de

Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, Treaty of (US-China; 1946)

300

Fu Bingchang 傅秉常 (Foo Ping-sheung)

159

235

Fung Kat-shau. See Feng Jixiu

Fuzhou (Foochow)

Gastman, A.L.E.

Gastman, L.A.

Gauss, Clarence E.

Ge Zukuang 葛祖旷 (Tschou Kwang Kah)

Gelder, H.E. van

136

Gellhorn, Martha

Geneva Conference (1954)

413

414

Gerbrandy, Pieter Sjoerds

149

161

427

Germany: and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 88n16, 217n13; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68n142, 162n65, 200; and Chinese Nationalist government, 69; Chinese relations with, 8, 46, 48; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 55, 162n65, 217, 392; and Dutch East Indies, 80n190; Dutch relations with, 1, 21, 51, 59, 62, 296; and extraterritoriality, 217n11, 218; and Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 464

Germany, Nazi

Germany, Nazi (cont.)

with, 34, 150, 468; occupation of Netherlands by, 4, 76, 149; and Sneevliet, 361; in Tripartite Pact, 150, 468; and USSR, 201, 427

Gijn, L.H. van

321

Gompels, S.A.

330

Good Earth, The (book and film; Pearl Buck)

Goyer, Pieter de

462; Dutch diplomatic missio

Graeff, A.C.D. de

Grand Canal

Great Depression

Greece

Groenman, Frans E.H.

Grotius, Hugo

Gu Ji 顾亟

Gu Weijun 顾维钧 (Wellington Koo)

Guangzhou (Canton)

Guillaume, R.J.

Gulik, B.A. van

Gulik, Frances van (Shui Shifang 水世芳)

Gulik, Robert H. van

182; Judge Dee detective series of

Guo Moruo 郭沫若

Guo Taiqi 郭泰祺 (Quo Tai-chi)

Guo Zeji 郭则济 (T.C. Kuo)

Haas, J.C.W.M. de

Hague, The: Chinese consular mission in, 349–50; Chinese diplomatic missions in, 68–76, 196–201, 208, 287, 341–49; evacuation of Chinese mission from, 200; relocation of Chinese mission to, 203, 206, 207, 341–43

Hague Citizen Convention (1930)

234

Hague Convention (1907)

Hall, R.A.

Hamengkubuwono IX, Sultan

Hang Liwu 杭立武

Hao Deqing 郝德青

Harbin (Charbin)

Hart, George H.C.

Hart, Robert

Hasselman, A.H.

Hatta, Mohammad

He Yingqin 何应钦

Heavenly Wind Lute Society (Tian Feng Qin She 天风琴社)

183

Helfrich, Conrad E.L.

Hemingway, Ernest

Heuvel, Nicolaas A. van den

Hirohito, Emperor (Japan)

Hiroshima

Hirschfeld, H.M.

389

History Today (film group)

Hitler, Adolf

Ho Chi Minh

431

Hoeppli, Reinhold

172

Hoeven, H. van der

334

Hoeven, Jan des Amorie van der

Hoeven, L. van der

Hoffmeister, A.

Holland-China Association

Hong Jun 洪钧

Hong Kong: and Britain, 5, 63, 384; Chinese Nationalist agents in, 440; Dutch consular missions in, 63, 337, 338, 340; and Dutch East Indies trade, 47, 168; postwar Dutch diplomats in, 333n181, 334; in World War II, 152, 174

Hoogland, Wittert van

307

Hoogstraten, J.E. van

Hoorn, Pieter van

How Yukong Moved the Mountains (film; Ivens)

368

Hsieh, William. See Xie Weilin

Hsiung Shih-I. See Xiong Shiyi

Hu Jintao 胡锦涛

Hu Yunzhou 胡运洲

Huai River

Huan Xiang 宦乡

Huang Hua 黄华

Huang Renlin 黄仁霖

Huang Zheng 黄正 (Ouang Tcheng; Tianmai 天迈)

Huangpu Conservancy Board

Huangpu River

Hull, Cordell

221

human rights, universal

422

455

hydraulic engineering

465. See also Bourdrez

Fra

Nicolaas A. va

Hydraulic Engineering Bureau (NEC)

114

119

Hydraulic Laboratory, Delft

hydraulic models

Hydraulic Research Institute, Central (Zhongyang Shuigong Shiyansuo 中央水工试验所)

Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing (Nanjing Shuili Kexue Yuanjiuyuan 南京水利科学研究院)

131

immigration: to Dutch East Indies, 45, 223, 229, 230, 466; and extraterritoriality, 244–46, 247, 248; Japanese, 230; to Netherlands, 7; quotas on, 229, 244–46, 300n17. See also overseas Chinese; Peranakans; Totoks

imperialism, Western

India

304; diplomatic missio

Indies Social Democratic Association (Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging)

Indochina, French

Indonesia: Chinese (GMD) consulates in, 349–54; Chinese (PRC) consulates in, 435–36; Chinese (PRC) diplomatic missions in, 434; and Chinese Nationalist government, 312, 317, 351, 354, 355, 389, 432, 434n360, 435, 443–46, 452; citizenship in, 261, 319; Dutch colonialism in, 2, 21, 23–25, 355, 447, 461; Dutch negotiations with, 297–98; Dutch union with, 298, 388–89, 429, 439, 444, 472, 473; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 299, 300–301, 320, 355, 443–44, 446, 450, 459; independence of, 25, 297, 312, 319, 368; and PRC, 25, 396, 432, 434–37, 440, 444; recognition of, 315n95, 348n252, 354, 390, 391, 394, 395, 397, 429–31, 432–33, 473; and recognition of PRC, 354–56, 387, 388–98, 401, 425, 427, 429–37, 439, 443, 444, 473; transfer of sovereignty to, 344, 389, 391, 472; United States of, 297–99, 388, 394, 396, 397, 401, 472. See also East Indies, Dutch; overseas Chinese

Indonesia Calling (film)

368

Indonesian independence movement

Indonesian independence movement (cont.)

444; Dutch military action against, 297, 314–15, 317, 318, 329, 351, 355, 376, 443, 452, 471; and Ivens, 368; and Sneevliet, 359; and UNSC, 298, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317–18, 329, 355; and US, 317, 351, 394

Internationaal Handelsconsortium (N.V. Maatschappij voor Internationalen Handel)

International Civil Aviation Organization (UN)

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

342

471

International Justice, Permanent Court of (World Court)

international law: and 1945 treaty, 258, 260–61; on diplomatic recognition, 268–69, 398–400, 403–4, 425–27, 429, 446; and extraterritoriality, 25, 215, 222; on “odious debts,” 264–65; principles in, 258–59, 260; and rise of PRC, 453–55; on state succession and international treaties, 262–74; and unequal treaties, 221–22, 264–65

International Peace Campaign

155

interpersonal connections, Dutch-Chinese

interpreter service

Iran

Iraq

Israel

Israel, B.J.

Italy: assets in China of, 424; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 217n13; Chinese relations with, 40n24, 68n142, 162n65, 219n24; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56, 56n90, 331n166, 332n173; Dutch relations with, 21, 51; and extraterritoriality, 217n11, 251n174; and Wang Jingwei regime, 281; in World War II, 149

Ivens, Joris

Jakarta. See Batavia

Japan: attacks on Shanghai by, 34, 40, 44, 104, 108, 465, 467; bombing of Chongqing by, 115–16, 148, 149, 177–78, 468; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 87, 88, 217, 217n13; boycotts of, 155, 212, 214; CCP threat to, 371, 372, 373; and Chinese consulates, 79n189, 210; and Chinese name for Holland, 164; Chinese relations with, 8, 33, 46, 68n142, 81, 162n65, 221; consular missions of, 63, 209; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56n90, 157, 217; Dutch East Indies relations with, 9n20, 33n1, 49, 81, 149–51, 157, 212, 230, 232, 464, 468; Dutch relations with, 21, 39–40, 49, 51, 156–57, 182, 340; and extraterritoriality, 61, 216, 217n11, 220n28; in Four-Power Treaty, 150n8; German relations with, 34, 150, 468; and Indonesia, 309; internment of Dutch citizens by, 123, 172–73, 193, 324, 336, 468; invasion of China by, 39, 212, 361, 363, 406; invasion of Manchuria by, 33, 34, 48, 71, 81, 147, 220, 465; occupation of Dutch East Indies by, 4, 7, 40, 152, 160–61, 189, 207, 208, 213, 214, 452, 459, 469; Pearl Harbor attack by, 147, 151, 158; prewar sanctions on, 150–51; in Sino-Japanese War, 33, 457n23; surrender of, 153, 186, 192, 207; and trade, 49, 81; in Tripartite Pact, 150, 468; and Western concessions in China, 220–21, 222. See also War of Resistance against Japan

Java

119

297

311

376. See also Batavia

Java-China-Japan Line shipping company (Royal Interocean Lines)

Jesuits

Ji Tifan 季惕凡 (Chi Ti-fan)

Jialing River

116

Jiang Jiadong 蒋家栋 (Chia-Tung Chiang)

Jiang Jieshi 蒋介石 (Chiang Kai-shek)

Jiang Tingfu 蒋廷黻 (T.F. Tsiang)

316

Jin Wensi 金问泗 (Wunsz King): and 1945 treaty, 206, 260, 483, 487, 490, 491, 492, 493; as ambassador, 162–63, 204, 205, 482; and Dutch recognition of PRC, 348n252; and Dutch West Indies, 210; and Dutch-Chinese cultural relations, 72–73, 74, 81; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 42, 449; and extraterritoriality negotiations, 214, 235n91, 237–50; and League of Nations, 71, 72, 74, 75; in London, 203, 468, 469, 476; in Netherlands, 69–75, 464, 468, 469, 476, 482; photos of, 136; and Taiwan, 441n383; in World War II, 157–58, 196–208, 468

Jinsha (Yangtze) River

119

Joerg, O.

Johnson, Nelson T.

joint communiqué, Dutch-Chinese (1972)

458

460

Joint Military Council, Allied

160

188

189

Josselin de Jong, T.H.J. de

170

Judge Dee detective series (Van Gulik)

181

Juggernaut over Holland (Van Kleffens)

202

Juliana, Crown Princess and Queen (Netherlands)

Kah Tschou Kwang. See Ge Zukuang

Kampen, Jan van

Kant, P.J. de

Kasteel, P.

211

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

465

Ketelaar-van Gogh, M.

199

Keyser, Louis de

Keyzer, Jacob de

King, Wunsz. See Jin Wensi

Klaaszes, J.

395

Kleffens, Eelco N. van

Klementaski, L.P.

Knobel, F. M.

Kobayashi Ichizō

Kok, A.

Kok, Wim

Kong Xiangxi 孔祥熙 (H.H. Kung)

Koo, Wellington. See Gu Weijun

Korea

Korean War

Kovalev, Ivan

Koxinga. See Zheng Chenggong

Krull, Germaine

361

Kung, H.H. See Kong Xiangxi

Kunming

Kuo, T.C. See Guo Zeji

La condition humaine (Malraux)

Lady Precious Stream (play; Wang Baochuan)

466

Lampson, Miles W.

135

Latest Phase of the Sino-Japanese Crisis, The (Zhong-Ri weiji zhi zuijin jinzhan qingxing 中日危机之最近进展情形; Chinese legation bulletins)

League of Nations

Lee, Daniel J. See Li Qingen

Lee Chen Hsiung. See Li Zhenxiong

Leeghwater, Jan

Leer, Bernard van

56; Dutch embassy (legatio

Legation Quarter (Beijing)

Legation Quarter (Beijing) (cont.)

recognition of PRC, 402, 424; Dutch-Chinese treaties on, 224; foreign diplomatic corps in, 16, 53, 80, 131, 452, 454; Japanese occupation of, 172, 369; PRC requisition of, 267, 391–93, 394, 472; and recognition of PRC, 396–97

legations. See diplomatic missions

Leibniz, G.W.

Leiden University

Lely, Cornelis

Lenin, Vladimir I.

Lennep, Willem van (Liu Yuantao 刘源桃)

Lent, B.H.F. van

Li Bing 李冰

Li Dazhao 李大钊

Li Dijun 李廸俊

Li Fengbao 李凤苞

Li Hongzao 李鸿藻

Li Hongzhang 李鸿章

Li Jinglu 李景潞

Li Keqiang 李克强

Li Peng 李鹏

Li Qingen 李芹根 (Daniel J. Lee)

Li Xie 李协

Li Zhenxiong (Lee Chen Hsiung)

351

Li Zongren 李宗仁

285

Liang Long 梁龙 (Lone Liang)

Lidt de Jeude, O.C.A. van

199

Liebenschütz, P.V.C.E.

338

Lin, Andrew S.F. See Ling Shifen

Lin Boqu 林伯渠

Lin Langpei 林朗培 (Longby Ling)

Lin Pao Heng

Lin Sen 林森

Lin Tingcheng 林廷澄 (Ting Ch’eng Lin)

Lin Tingfeng

Ling Chuxun 凌楚珣 (Chu-Hsun Ling)

Ling Longby. See Lin Langpei

Ling Qihan 凌其翰

179

Ling Shifen 凌士芬 (Andrew S.F. Lin)

Linggadjati Accord (1946)

297

301

Liu Haisu 刘海粟

Liu Jingren 刘镜人

Liu Mingzhao 刘明钊

Liu Naifan 刘乃蕃

Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇

Liu Tianyi 刘天一 (Tien-I Lu)

Liu Yuantao 刘源桃 (Willem van Lennep)

Lloyd, L.M.S.

Lo Wen-kan. See Luo Wengan

London: Chinese legation in, 201–7; vs. Chongqing, 213; Dutch government in exile in, 149, 151, 158, 169, 171–72, 200, 235, 238, 427, 468, 470, 476

Long March (1934–36)

Long Yun 龙云

121

Longhai Railway

Lou Tseng-Tsiang. See Lu Zhengxiang

Loudon, Alexander

167

Lout siun. See Lu Jun

Lovink, Antonius H.J.

Lü Haihuan 吕海寰

Lu Jun 路浚 (Lout siun)

Lu Tien-I. See Liu Tianyi

Lu Zhengxiang 陆征祥 (Lou Tseng-Tsiang)

Lubbers, Ruud

Luns, Joseph

Luo Jialun 罗家伦

Luo Wengan 罗文干 (Lo Wen-kan)

Luxembourg

Ma Chaojun 马超俊

Ma Heng 马恒

Macao

MacDonald, J.J.

MacMurray, John V.

Madura

Mahdi, Izak

Maisky, Ivan

Makassar (Celebes): Chinese consular missions in, 78, 79, 209, 350, 353, 435n368

Malraux, André

Manchuria (Manzhouguo, Manchukuo)

Manchurian (Mukden) Incident (1931). See September 18th Incident

Mao Yisheng 茅以升

114

Mao Zedong 毛泽东 (Mao Tse-tung)

Marchant et d’Ansembourg, F.R.W.H.M.J. de

179

Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937)

147

197

467

Mare Liberum (Grotius)

Marel, D. de

135

Maring. See Sneevliet, H.J.F.M.

Marshall, George C.

294

Marshall mission

294

Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program)

Marx-Lenin-Luxembourg Front

361

Masseur, A.A.J.B.

Maux, Henri

120

May 4th Movement (1919)

Medan (Sumatra)

Melchers, C.A.

Menon, Kumar P.S.

Mexico

Meyrier, Jacques

Michiels van Verduynen, Edgar F.M.J.

Middelburg, Duco G.E.

Midway, Battle of

Mikoyan, Anastas

military, Dutch: and 1945 treaty, 252, 255; attaché in China of, 160–61, 188–92, 328, 336; in Dutch East Indies, 297, 314–15, 317, 318, 329, 351, 355, 376, 443, 452, 471; and gunboat diplomacy, 43–44, 80, 217; warships of, 40–44, 86, 224, 255, 464, 465, 467

Military Control Commission (PRC)

391

393

military relations, Dutch-Chinese: and Boxer Uprising, 86; in prewar period, 40–45; in World War II, 158–59, 187–92, 197, 213, 469

Ming dynasty (China)

missionaries, Western

173

256

335

Modderman, Tonco

Molotov, Vyacheslav

Mongolia

Mook, Hubertus van

Morhaus, J.M.

most-favored-nation clause

Mukden Incident. See September 18th Incident

Mulder, G.

Münster Peace (1648)

Münzenberg, Willi

Nagasaki

Nanjing (Nanking): Bos in, 56, 58, 61, 107, 171; Bourdrez in, 109–14; CCP occupation of, 296, 307, 381; Chinese Nationalist government in, 33–131, 281, 295, 300, 320, 378–79, 467; Dutch diplomatic missions in, 56, 58, 61, 107, 109, 111, 170, 171, 173–74, 281, 285, 307, 320–34, 337, 357, 378–83, 387, 475; Dutch property in, 56, 111, 173, 327–28, 424; evacuation of, 114, 378–79, 380, 383, 467; foreign diplomatic missions in, 55–56, 114, 157, 382; Japanese attacks on, 35, 104, 106–7, 113–14, 173, 467; and postwar Dutch consulates, 340; postwar Dutch embassy

Nanjing (Nanking) (cont.)

at, 325–33, 334; prewar Dutch legation office at, 56, 173; Wang Jingwei regime in, 156–57, 212, 220. See also Hydraulic Research Institute, Central

Nanjing, Treaty of (1842)

Nanjing Decade (1927–37)

Nanjing government. See Nationalist government of China

National Economic Council (NEC; Quanguo Jingji Weiyuanhui 全国经济委员会)

National Labor Secretariat (Nationaal Arbeids-Secretariaat; NAS)

nationalism

Nationalist government of China: and 1945 treaty, 237–49, 257, 260–61, 275; and Britain, 34, 154, 198, 332; and Brondgeest, 369–70, 372–73, 377; and Chinese economy, 74, 81, 89, 302; in Chongqing, 148, 155, 295, 296, 383, 467, 472; and decolonization, 27, 166, 319, 355, 444; and Dutch East Indies, 40, 44–45, 231–35, 300–301, 308, 310–19; Dutch military relations with, 40–45, 158–59, 187–92, 197, 213, 469; Dutch relations with, 36–50, 53, 54, 63, 153–69, 299–319, 330–31, 345–46, 403; Dutch withdrawal of recognition from, 320, 398, 410, 441, 443, 446, 473; and Dutch-Chinese Air Transport Agreement, 303–8; and extraterritoriality, 40, 43, 218–22, 223, 227–28, 237, 239–40, 249, 251, 263, 464; foreign relations of, 55, 67, 80, 219–20; founding of (1927), 6; and France, 38, 69, 332, 472; and Germany, 154, 156, 157, 201–2, 212; in Guangzhou, 345, 346; and Indonesia, 310–19, 351, 354, 355, 389, 432, 434n360, 435, 443–46, 452; intelligence operations of, 182, 188, 191, 376; and Japan, 40, 221; and Legation Quarter, 55–56; and mutiny of diplomats in France, 346–47; in Nanjing, 33–131, 281, 295, 300, 320, 378–79, 467; and overseas Chinese, 23, 25, 27, 40, 45, 67, 80, 131, 166, 167, 169, 210, 214, 223, 230, 231, 234, 235, 244, 261, 301, 309–19, 350, 432, 445, 447; in postwar period, 153, 299–301, 330–31, 333, 345–46; and PRC, 266, 393n156, 405, 408; and preexisting treaties, 262–63, 265, 266, 267, 270, 393n156; in prewar period, 34–35, 36, 37, 44; recognition of, 34, 37, 42, 53, 80, 464; and recognition of PRC, 378, 389, 403, 408, 426, 496–99; in Taiwan, 27, 188, 268, 270, 294, 296, 302, 320, 348, 354–56, 400, 472; in UN, 415; and UNSC, 293, 447, 451; and US, 34, 69, 283, 384, 415, 435; withdrawal of recognition from, 27, 320, 348, 355, 383, 387, 398, 410, 411, 434, 441, 443, 446, 473; in World War II, 148, 151–52, 154, 195, 276. See also consular missions, Chinese; diplomatic missions, Chinese

Nationalist Party (Guomindang; GMD): anti-Dutch propaganda of, 241, 248; and CCP, 34, 148, 294–96, 360, 361, 464, 470; and Chinese ambassador, 205; and Indonesian independence movement, 309–19, 351, 355; and Ivens, 363–67; and overseas Chinese, 157, 231; and PRC, 266, 407; and Sneevliet, 359–60; in United Fronts, 34, 148, 359–60, 361, 363–65, 369, 464, 467; US popular support for, 384

NEC. See National Economic Council

Needham, Joseph

183

Netherlands: assets in China of, 16, 17, 56, 86, 111, 173, 184, 190, 327–28, 424; vs. China, 1; Chinese assets in, 341, 411, 413; Chinese immigrants in, 7; Chinese name for (Helan), 164–65, 469; Chinese students in, 96; diplomatic history of, 2–4; Eighty Years’ War in, 2, 457; and EU, 454, 455; foreign policy of, 3–4, 39, 81, 149, 225, 299, 357, 425–26, 437–42, 449–50; German occupation of, 7, 171, 199–200, 208, 213, 214, 275–76, 452, 457, 468; government in exile of, 149, 151, 158, 169, 171–72, 200, 235, 427, 468, 470, 476; Great Depression in, 35–36; hydraulic engineering in, 83–84; liberation of, 153, 469; Nazi bombing of, 199–200; postwar reconstruction of, 296; as small power, 3, 52, 443, 445, 446, 450–52, 455, 457; unofficial Taiwan representative in, 473; welding incident in, 415, 473

Netherlands, Republic of the United (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)

Netherlands Trading Society

302

Netherlands-Indonesian Union

neutralist policy, Dutch

New Guinea (West Irian)

New Life Movement

New Zealand

Nie Rongzhen 聂荣臻

Nieuwe Gronden (New Earth; film)

Nijhoff, G.P.

106

137

Nine-Power Treaty (1922)

154

197

198; political activism of

1945 treaty. See extraterritoriality, Dutch-Chinese 1945 treaty on

Ningbo (Ningpo)

Nixon, Richard

Nobel, Konstantijn

Norikov, K.V.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Northern Expedition

Norway: Chinese relations with, 68n142, 162n65, 204n310, 219n20, 219n24; diplomatic missions of, 52n73, 56n90, 200; and extraterritoriality, 217n11, 251n174; and PRC, 388, 410n243, 411, 414

Omodeo, A.

“One-China” principle

“open-door” policies

Operation 101 (Chongqing)

140

177

468

Opium Wars (1840–42; 1856–60)

Orient Star Line

Oswald, J.C.

Ott de Vries, P.J.

Ouang Tcheng. See Huang Zheng

Oudendijk, Willem J. (Oudendyk)

Ouyang Qi 欧阳祺 (Kee Ow-Yang)

overseas Chinese

234; with Dutch citize

Ow-Yang Kee. See Ouyang Qi

Padang (Sumatra)

Paets, Vincent

Pakistan

Palar, L.N.

435

Palembang (Sumatra): anti-Chinese violence in, 313–14, 317, 471; Chinese consular missions in, 78, 79, 208–10, 350, 353

Pan Dimin 盘迪民

Panama

panda bears

420

Pangkalpinang (Bangka)

351

Paramaribo (Suriname): Chinese consular missions in, 211–12, 352, 353, 354, 469

Paris Peace Conference (1946)

343

344

315. See also overseas Chi

Paris Peace Treaties (1947)

Parmentier, Koene D.

Patijn, J.A.N.

Payne, Robert

Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on (1941)

Pei Jianzhang 裴坚章

Peng Liyuan 彭丽媛

People’s Daily (Renmin ribao; newspaper)

290

People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

96; positive views of

378

381

People’s Republic of China (PRC): and 1945 treaty, 267, 270–71, 392–93; and Beijing Legation Quarter, 267, 391–93, 394, 472; British relations with, 169, 269, 385–86, 406, 410n243, 411–14, 446; and Chinese diplomats in France, 346–47; and citizenship, 261, 300n17, 319, 473; consular missions of, 388, 435–36; and Denmark, 388, 410n243, 441; diplomatic missions of, 268, 349, 407–16, 473; Dutch consular missions in, 324, 340, 381–82, 419; Dutch diplomatic missions in, 381–88, 393–95, 413–23, 440, 442, 448; Dutch economic relations with, 97, 301n24, 402, 417, 419–20, 428, 459; and EU, 453–54; foreign assets in, 267, 391–93, 394, 408, 411, 413, 424, 442, 472; foreign diplomatic missions to, 377–88, 413–23, 440–41, 442, 448; foreign policies of, 265–66, 404–6, 449; founding of (1949), 4, 5, 6, 294, 385, 472; and France, 269, 379, 380, 385, 386, 401, 460; and Geneva Conference, 413, 414n260; and imperialism, 404–6, 407, 409; and Indonesia, 25, 319, 348n252, 390, 395, 396, 397, 432–35, 437, 440, 444; and Norway, 388, 410n243, 411, 414; and overseas Chinese, 388, 390, 395n174, 397, 432; US relations with, 380–81, 383–84, 383n106, 401, 406, 408, 409, 415, 426, 446. See also Common Program

People’s Republic of China, Dutch recognition of

People’s Republic of China, international recognition of

Peranakans (descendants of Chinese immigrants)

Perrier, L.

Peru

Philippines

Philips (firm)

Philipse, W.J.D.

Plesman, Albert

Poland

Pontianak (Borneo): Chinese consular missions in, 211, 212, 351, 353, 470

Portugal: and Boxer indemnity, 86n8, 130n239; Chinese relations with, 11, 52n73, 56n90, 68n142, 219n24, 251n174, 331n166, 332n173; colonies of, 63, 172; Dutch relations with, 304, 340; and extraterritoriality, 217n11, 251n174

PRC. See People’s Republic of China

Qian Tai 钱泰

Qian Xun 钱恂

Qianlong Emperor (Qing China)

Qiao Guanhua 乔冠华

Qin Fen 秦汾

Qing, Prince 庆亲王

Qing dynasty

Quist, M.J.

Quo Tai-chi. See Guo Taiqi

Rainer, Luise

Ramel, Henrik

329

recognition, diplomatic: of Chinese Nationalist government, 34, 37, 42, 53, 80, 464; de facto vs. de jure, 377n75, 399; of Indonesia, 315n95, 348n252, 354, 390, 391, 394, 395, 397, 429–34, 472, 473; of Indonesia by PRC, 348n252, 390, 395, 397, 433–34, 436, 472; international law on, 268–69, 398–400, 403–4, 425–27, 429, 446; PRC view of, 403–9; and preexisting obligations, 165, 254–74, 393n156, 399–400, 405; of USSR, 162, 218, 427; withdrawal from Chinese Nationalists of, 27, 299, 320, 348, 355, 383, 387, 398, 410, 411, 434, 441, 443, 446, 473. See also People’s Republic of China, Dutch recognition of; People’s Republic of China, international recognition of

Red Star over China (Snow)

Regen (Rain; film)

Renville Agreement (1948)

316

Revolutionary Socialist Party (Revolutionair Socialistische Partij; Revolutionary Socialist Workers’ Party; Revolutionair Socialistische Arbeiderspartij; RSAP)

361

Riemens, H.

Rijke, Hendrik de

Rijke, Johannis de

Roijen, J. Herman van

Romein, J.M.F.

Roo van Alderwerelt, D. de

329

331

334

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

Rotterdam

Round Table Conference, Dutch-Indonesian (1949)

Royal Dutch Airlines (KLM)

Royal Dutch Shell (Asiatic Petroleum Company)

Russia

218. See also Soviet U

Russian Federation

264

Rutte, Mark

418

419

Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de

Saint-Germain, Treaty of (1919)

Scheltema, Hugo

Schermbeek, P.G. van

Schermerhorn, Willem

Schoemaker, Harold Jan

128

129

Schol, N.

Schotman, J.W.

Schuiling, Hanneke

421

Schuurman, T. Elink

seamen incidents (1942)

seamen strikes (1922)

360

Semarang (Java)

310; Chi

Semmelink, H.R.

306

Senn van Basel, M.J.

September 18th Incident (1931)

228

466

Seymour, Horace

373

Shanghai: and 1945 treaty, 252, 253–54; antiforeign demonstrations in, 382; Battle of (1937), 148; CCP occupation of, 296, 472; and civil aviation agreements, 304, 305, 306, 307; diplomatic missions in, 55–56, 56n90; Dutch citizens in, 157, 193, 195; Dutch consular missions in, 61–66, 193, 194, 336–39, 462; Dutch diplomatic missions in, 321, 322, 326, 330; Dutch engineers in, 84, 108–9; Dutch property in, 424; Dutch warships in, 41, 42; founding of CCP in, 359; International Settlement in, 38, 108, 218–19, 226, 252, 253–54; Japanese attacks on, 34, 40, 44, 104, 108, 148, 465, 467; vs. Nanjing, 113; special courts in, 216, 224, 490; as treaty port, 215n3

Shanghai Incident (1932)

Shantou (Swatow)

She Zaobeh. See Shi Chaobai

Shen Ruilin 沈瑞麟

Shen Tso-ling

Shen Yi 沈怡

Shenyang (Mukden)

382

Shi Chaobai 石潮白 (She Zaobeh)

210

Shi Ying 石瑛

Shi Zhaoji 施肇基 (Alfred Sao-ke Sze)

Shui Shifang 水世芳 (Frances van Gulik)

Shuijing (Book of waterways)

Shun (legendary ruler)

Si Songxi 斯颂熙 (Sung-Hsi Szu)

Sieveking, W.

Singapore

Sino-Japanese War, First (1894–95)

225

Sino-Japanese War, Second (1931–45). See War of Resistance against Japan

Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship (1950)

440

Sjahrir, Sutan

312

Slauerhoff, Jan Jacob

Sleesen, Maria van der

282

Sneevliet, H.J.F.M. (Maring, Malin)

358

376

Snoeck Henkemans, J.R.

136

Snow, Edgar

Snyers, T.

Society for the Promotion of Dutch Engineering Works

Soegiri, Raden Mas I.S.

Soeirianata Djoemena, Raden Moesa

Song Faxiang 宋发祥 (Far-san T. Sung)

Song Meiling 宋美龄 (Soong May-ling; Madame Chiang Kai-shek): and Ivens, 364, 365, 366; and Queen Wilhelmina, 142, 163, 164n77, 213, 469

Song of Heroes (film)

Song Qingling 宋庆龄 (Madame Sun Yat-sen): and Dutch diplomats, 185, 358; and Ivens, 364–65, 467

Song Ziwen 宋子文 (T.V. Soong)

Soong May-ling. See Song Meiling

South Africa

South East Asia Command (SEAC)

191

471

Soviet Union (USSR): in Big Five coalition, 293, 451, 470; in Big Four coalition, 8, 153, 213, 321, 328, 445; and Brondgeest, 376; Chiang Kai-shek in, 360; Chinese consular missions in, 79n189, 352; Chinese diplomatic missions to, 68; and Chinese Nationalist government, 40n24, 69, 72, 148, 154, 198, 360; and Cold War, 293; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 55, 321, 331; Dutch relations with, 51, 162; and Geneva Conference, 414n260; and Great Depression, 33; and Indonesia, 354, 398, 429–31, 433, 435n363, 436, 472, 473; and Ivens, 362–63; and Nazi Germany, 201, 427; and PRC, 294, 321, 331, 378, 404, 406, 407, 415; and preexisting treaties, 264; recognition of, 162, 218, 427, 437; recognition of Indonesia by, 348n252, 390, 394, 472; and recognition of PRC, 378, 384, 401, 423, 438, 439; and Sneevliet, 359; in UNSC, 293

Spain: assets in China of, 424; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 130n239, 217n13; Chinese relations with, 11, 52n73, 56n90, 68n142, 219n24, 225; civil war in, 363; Dutch Eighty Years’ War with, 457, 461; and Dutch recognition of PRC, 427; and extraterritoriality, 217n11; and Netherlands, 2, 457, 461; and Taiwan, 422n308, 461

Spanish Earth, The (film)

Spanjaard, H.J.

special courts (International Settlements)

Spoor, S.H.

Sri Lanka (Ceylon)

Stadtman, K.J.

Stalin, Joseph

Stark, L.

Steenstra Toussaint, A.J.D.

125; Bourdrez Memorial Scholarship for

Stefenelli, F.

Stevin, Hendrik

Stichting ter Bevordering van de Culturele Betrekkingen tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en China

Stikker, Dirk U.

Stilwell, Joseph

Stokhuyzen, W.A.F.

Stuart, J. Leighton

285

383

students, Chinese

100

Su Ruizhao 苏锐钊 (Su Jui-chao)

Su Shangji 苏尚骥 (Shang-Chi Su)

submarine incident (1980; Taiwan and Netherlands)

Sukarno

Sulawesi (Celebes)

Sumatra

Sun, S.K.

Sun Fushi 孙辅世

Sun Ke 孙科 (Sun Fo)

467

Sun Yat-sen, Madame. See Song Qingling

Sun Zhongshan 孙中山 (Sun Yat-sen)

Sung, Far-san T. See Song Faxiang

Surabaya (Java)

Suriname

Sweden

Swenson, L.S.

Swinderen, G.R.G. van

307

337

Switzerland: Chinese officials in, 200, 201, 468; Chinese relations with, 52n73, 56n90, 68n142, 200, 201; Dutch relations with, 172, 193, 200, 328n152, 336; and extraterritoriality, 217nn11–12, 251n174; and PRC, 388, 410n243, 411

Sze, Alfred Sao-ke Sze. See Shi Zhaoji

Szu Sung-Hsi. See Si Songxi

Tai Mingfoe. See Dai Mingfu

Taiwan (Formosa): British consular missions in, 440–41; Chinese Nationalist government in, 27, 188, 268, 270, 294, 296, 302, 320, 348, 354–56, 400, 472; Dutch colonization of, 11–12, 417, 461; Dutch consulate in, 340; Dutch submarines sold to, 416–17, 421, 473; Han settlers in, 12; and recognition of PRC, 377, 429, 440; severing of relations with, 27, 268, 348, 354–55, 398, 429, 440–43, 496–98; trade offices in, 421–23, 473, 474; and UN, 270, 412, 415, 435

Tan Boyu 谭伯羽

Tang Shixuan 唐士煊

Tang Zaifu 唐在复

Tao Xiaowan 陶孝完 (Tao Hsiao-Wan)

Tao Yue 陶樾

Tariff Relations, Dutch-Chinese Treaty for the Regulation of (1928)

tariffs, foreign control over

Taro, Gerda

Tellegen, B.D.H.

Temmen, Louis P. van

Terborgh, F.C. See Flaes, Reijnier

Thailand (Siam)

331

Thijsse, J.T.

Thio Thiam-tjong. See Zhang Tiancong

Thorbecke, Ellen (Ellen Catleen-Kolban)

Thorbecke, Willem J.R.

Three Gorges Dam

Three Principles of the People (San min zhuyi; Sun Yat-sen)

205

235

Tiananmen Square demonstrations (1989)

Tianjin (Tientsin)

Tianjin, Dutch Treaty of (1863)

Tianjin, Treaties of (1858)

216

256

Tianmai. See Huang Zheng

Ting, V.K. See Ding Wenjiang

Titsingh, Isaac

432. See also overseas Chi

Tong, Hollington K. See Dong Xianguang

Tong, Lewis

Totoks (Singkehs; new Chinese immigrants)

trade and commerce: and Chinese foreign policy, 67, 74, 81, 404, 406; Chinese-Dutch East Indies, 12, 22, 38, 47–50, 168–69, 229, 234, 302–3, 355, 471; and Dutch foreign policy, 3, 4, 11–12, 15, 20–21, 49, 401, 428; and extraterritoriality, 216–17, 222, 239; with Germany, 296; and Hong Kong, 47, 168; Japanese, 49, 81, 150, 151, 157; maritime, 2–3, 11–14, 84, 167–68; in postwar period, 296, 301, 302–3, 320, 321, 332, 338–39, 355, 356, 447; and PRC, 404, 406, 408, 413; in prewar period, 67, 73, 76; and tributary missions, 4–5; with US, 303

trade and commerce, Dutch-Chinese: and 1945 treaty, 228, 239, 242, 243–44, 247, 252–53, 255, 272, 299, 486, 491; and consular missions, 61–66, 76, 170, 232, 234, 338–39; and diplomatic missions, 60, 74; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 19–22, 45, 80–82, 129, 157, 169, 222, 255, 272, 301, 302–3, 321, 332, 356, 417, 419, 420, 423, 444–45, 446, 449, 457, 458–59; early (1840–1927), 2–5, 11–15, 43, 461–62; and East Indies, 14, 22, 47–50, 168–69, 234, 302–3, 355, 471; international consortium for, 57, 73; in porcelain, 12, 22; in postwar period, 129, 301, 302–3, 320, 321, 332, 338–39, 355, 356, 423, 447; in prewar period, 45, 47–50, 71–73, 82; and recognition of PRC, 381–82, 384, 385–86, 401–4, 428, 438, 439, 459; with Taiwan, 421–22; and Treaty of Tianjin, 15, 224–25; and World War II, 154, 168–69, 195, 213, 444; and Wunsz King, 72, 73

treaties and agreements, Dutch-Chinese bilateral: on abolition of extraterritoriality (1931), 38, 80, 228, 234, 238, 240, 465; on abolition of extraterritoriality (1945), 143, 165–66, 443, 445, 446, 448, 469, 483–93; Air Transport Agreement (1947), 284, 303–8, 346, 355, 471; Arbitration Agreement (1915), 269n252, 463; Boxer Indemnity Accord (1933), 57, 92–97, 119, 127–31, 225, 256–57, 268, 452, 465–66, 477–81; Consular Convention (1911), 19, 77, 232–35, 239, 242, 249, 257–61, 273, 463; post-1950, 271–72; present legal status of, 261–74; and succession, 165, 254–61, 393n156, 399–400, 405; Taiwan Peace Treaty (1662), 12; on Tariff Relations (1928), 36–38, 42, 53, 80, 218, 225, 269n252, 301, 452, 464, 465. See also Tianjin, Dutch Treaty of

treaties and agreements, multilateral: Anti-Comintern Pact (1936), 34; Atlantic Charter (1941), 151; of Brussels (1948), 293, 299, 379, 471; Congress of Vienna (1815), 3, 162, 217n15; Convention on International Civil Aviation (1944), 304; on court proceedings in international settlement (1930), 38n13, 219n20; Four-Power (1921), 150n8; Hague Citizen Convention (1930), 234; Hague Conventions (1907), 3n3, 19, 52; Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 464, 465; Nine-Power (1922), 40, 81, 154, 197, 464; Paris Peace (1947), 293; Saint-Germain (1919), 218; Tripartite Pact (1940), 150, 468; unequal, 5, 85–86, 129, 215–16, 263, 406, 455; Vienna Conventions, 258, 259n199, 262n216, 263, 264, 273. See also Boxer Protocol; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

treaties and agreements, other bilateral

treaty ports

444; extraterritoriality i

Tribe, K.W.

tributary system, Chinese

458

Tripartite Pact (Germany, Japan, Italy; 1940)

Truman, Harry S.

Tsao Yu-Chuan. See Cao Ruquan

Tsiang, T.F. See Jiang Tingfu

Tsinghua College (Qinghua Xuetang 清华学堂)

Tung, William. See Dong Lin

Turkey

“Two-Chinas” policy

Tze Hsi. See Cixi, Empress Dowager

UN Security Council (UNSC)

Unilever (firm)

United Front, First (GMD-CCP)

United Front, Second (GMD-CCP)

United Information Committee of the Anti-aggression Powers, 161

United Kingdom. See Britain

United Nations (UN): Chinese Nationalists in, 412, 415, 435, 444, 445, 447, 451; Civil Aviation Organization of, 304; Consular Commission of, 288, 351; first peacekeeping mission of, 351; founding of, 206, 293, 470; Human Rights Committee of, 417n282; India in, 434n360; and Indonesia, 288, 298n8, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317–18, 351, 352, 434, 435, 444, 471, 472; Indonesian membership in, 389, 390, 391, 430, 435, 437, 473; and international law, 258; and Korean War, 413; PRC membership in, 270, 394, 402, 408, 411, 412, 415, 424, 429, 441, 442, 473. See also UN Security Council

United States (US): in Big Five coalition, 293, 451, 470; in Big Four coalition, 8, 153, 213, 321, 328, 445; and Boxer Protocol, 17n51, 86n8, 87, 88, 217n13; and Brondgeest’s report, 373; and CCP, 372; China Aid Act (1948), 392; Chinese consular missions in, 79n189, 352; Chinese diplomatic missions in, 68n142, 198; Chinese economic relations with, 46, 168–69; Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) in, 245; and Chinese Nationalist government, 34, 63, 68n142, 69, 79n189, 154, 166, 304, 352, 435; Chinese treaties with, 14, 37, 215n4, 219n20, 236, 238, 240–43, 245, 254, 256, 275, 276, 300;

United States (US) (cont.)

communism in, 363, 367, 384; consular missions of, 63, 172, 351, 354; diplomatic missions of, 52n74, 56, 217, 321, 331n166, 383, 391; and Dutch East Indies, 151n13, 316, 351, 464; and Dutch recognition of PRC, 383–84, 401, 424, 427, 428; Dutch relations with, 51, 150, 191, 200, 328n152, 387, 437; and Dutch-Chinese treaties, 224, 228, 254, 275, 276; and extraterritoriality, 39, 213, 215, 217n11, 219–21, 222n36, 235, 236, 238–43, 245, 254, 256, 276, 469; in Four-Power Treaty, 150n8; and Geneva Conference, 414n260; and Indonesia, 297–98, 316, 317, 351, 354, 394, 434–35; and Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 464; military presence in China of, 40n24, 41, 160n57; and NATO, 293; and PRC, 383n106, 406, 408, 409, 446; and recognition of PRC, 332, 378, 379, 380, 381, 383–84, 386, 387, 389, 390, 415, 424, 426, 428, 436, 438, 439; “Two-Chinas” policy of, 415; in UNSC, 293; and Vietnam, 402; in World War II, 147, 150, 151, 153, 154, 166

Uruguay

Valck Lucassen, Theodore F.

186

192

Varé, D.

135

Vatican City (Holy See)

331

Veen, H. van der

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963)

272

Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties (1978)

264

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)

Vietnam

Visscher, Dignus H.

Visser, A.

Vixseboxse, Jan

Vliegenthart, J.C.

Voltaire

Voogd, Niek A.J. de

Vos, Hubert

Vos, Robert de

Vos van Steenwijk, C. de

204

Vos van Steenwijk, G.W. de

Vries, H.L. de

Vries, J.T. de

Vries, W.C.E.A. de

334

Vulpen, H.C. van

282

Vyshinsky, Andrey

431

Wang, C.T. See Wang Zhengting

Wang Bingnan 王炳南

Wang Chonghui 王宠惠

Wang Defen 王德棻 (Teh-Fen Wang)

Wang Deyan 王德炎 (Teh Yen Wang)

Wang Guangqi 王广圻 (Kouang-Ky Wang)

476

Wang Jingwei 汪精卫 (Wang Zhaoming 汪兆铭)

Wang Kouang-Ky. See Wang Guangqi

Wang Nianzu 王念祖 (Niétsou Wang)

Wang Renshu 王任叔 (Baren)

Wang Shijie 王世杰

Wang Sicheng 王思澄 (Wang Sze-Cheng)

196

200

201

Wang Teh Yen. See Wang Deyan

Wang Teh-Fen. See Wang Defen

Wang Tingshan 王庭珊 (Wang Ting-shan)

Wang Zhaoming 汪兆铭. See Wang Jingwei

Wang Zhengting 王正廷 (C.T. Wang)

Wanghia, Treaty of (Wangxia Tiaoyue 望厦条约; 1844)

457. See also World War II

War of Resistance against Japan (Second Sino-Japanese War; Kang-Ri Zhanzheng 抗日战争, 1931–45)

Ward, Angus

382

Washington Conference (1921)

218

water conservancy. See hydraulic engineering

Water Conservancy, Bureau of (China)

118

Water Resources, Ministry of (Shuilibu 水利部)

Weede, M.W. van

Weedon, Mary

Wei Gensheng 魏艮声 (Ken-Sheng Wei)

welding incident (1966)

Wen Jiabao 温家宝

West Germany

West Indies, Dutch

152. See also Curaçao

West New Guinea (West Irian)

429

439

Westerling, Raymond

375

Westphalia, Peace of (1648)

Whampoa, Treaty of (Huangpu Tiaoyue 黄埔条约; 1844)

Whampoa Military Academy

187

360

Why We Fight (film series)

Wierink, J.J.

Wij Bouwen (We are building; film)

Wilhelmina, Queen (Netherlands)

Willem III (Netherlands)

Willem-Alexander, King (Netherlands)

Willemstad (Curaçao)

Wilton Shipyard

Winkelman, A.M.L.

430

Wittert van Hoogland, R.W.C.G.A.

Woerden, F.A. van

World Disarmament Conference (1932–34)

World Trade Organization

272

418

World War I

218; a

World War II (1937–45): and 1945 treaty, 6, 228, 274, 275–76; alliances in, 4, 8, 148, 151–52, 153, 195, 213, 321, 328, 445, 450, 456, 468; Allied victory in, 153; Britain in, 147, 149–51, 166, 275–76; in China, 4, 147–48, 151–52; Chinese Nationalist government in, 148, 151–52, 154, 195, 276; D-Day invasion in, 153, 245–46; Dutch East Indies in, 4, 149–52, 154, 159, 166–67, 172–73, 187, 276, 350; and Dutch neutralist policy, 4, 149, 154–57, 200, 212, 213, 299, 447, 450; and Dutch recognition of PRC, 426; Dutch sympathy in, 214; and Dutch-Chinese relations, 1, 24–27, 140–43, 147–277, 443, 445, 458; Europe-first strategy in, 213, 221; France in, 149, 198, 200, 275–76; in Netherlands, 149–50; stages of, 147, 212, 457n23; and trade, 154, 168–69, 195, 213, 444. See also War of Resistance against Japan

Worley, H.W.

338

Wu, Gally. See Wu Zhuoyue

Wu, K.C. (Wu Guozhen 吴国桢)

Wu Bangguo 吴邦国

Wu Faxiang 吴发祥 (Frazer Wu)

Wu Ken 吴恳

421

Wu Lifa 吴立法 (Li-Fah Wu)

Wu Nai Li

373

Wu Qianghua 吴强华 (Chiang-Hua Wu)

Wu Tiecheng 吴铁城 (Wu Techen)

157

318

Wu Yinxian 吴印咸

Wu Zhuoyue 吴卓越 (Gally Wu)

Wuhan (Hankow)

Wyck, H.M. van der

Xi Jinping 习近平, 418, 419, 420, 458n24, 474

Xiamen (Amoy)

Xi’an Incident (1936)

Xian Ying 鲜英

176

Xie Li 谢黎

414

473

Xie Weilin 谢维麟 (William Hsieh)

Xinhai Revolution (1911)

Xiong Shihui 熊式辉

Xiong Shiyi 熊式一 (Hsiung Shih-I)

Xu Beihong 徐悲鸿

183

Xu Cheng 许诚 (Cheng Hsu)

Xu Jingcheng 许景澄

Xu Kai 须恺

Xu Mo 徐谟

Xu Yongchang 徐永昌

Yalta Conference (1945)

Yan Huiqing 颜惠庆 (W.W. Yen)

Yan Kai 严恺

Yan’an

Yang Jie 杨杰

Yangtze River

Yangzhuang hydraulic model

Yantai (Chefoo)

Yao (legendary ruler)

Ye Deming 叶德明 (Yeh Te Ming)

Ye Gongchao 叶公超 (Yeh Kungchao, George Yeh)

498

Ye Jianying 叶剑英

357

366

Yeh Kungchao. See Ye Gongchao

Yellow River

93; Chi

467; floodi

Yen, W.W. See Yan Huiqing

Yin Chang 荫昌

Yingkou (Newchwang)

Yongding River

Yoshizawa Kenkichi

150

Ypma, J.J.

Yu Ming 余铭

Yu the Great (Da Yu; legendary ruler)

Yu Youren 于右任

Yuan Shikai 袁世凯

Yuan Ti 袁惕 (Tieh Yuan)

Zeeman, J.H.

Zeng Xubai 曾虚白

Zhang Buqing 张步青 (Pu Ching Chang)

Zhang Chengqi 张成启 (Chen-Chi Chang)

Zhang Daoxing 张道行

Zhang Guowei 张国威 (Chang Kuo Wai)

Zhang Hanfu 章汉夫

Zhang Jiong 张炯

Zhang Qian 张谦 (Henry Kunghui Chang)

Zhang Qun 张群

Zhang Silü 张似旅

Zhang Tiancong 张添聪 (Thio Thiam-tjong)

310

Zhang Wenjin 章文晋

412

Zhang Zengfu 张增福 (Tseng-Fu Chang)

Zhang Zenglu 张曾庐 (Tseng-Lu Chang)

Zhang Zhidong 张之洞

Zhao Huimo 赵惠谟 (Chao Hui-mu)

Zhao Ziyang 赵紫阳

Zheng Chenggong 郑成功 (Koxinga)

417

Zheng Dahong 郑达洪 (Ta-Hung Cheng)

206

343

Zheng Jiemin 郑介民 (Cheng Kai-ming)

160

469

Zheng Tianxi 郑天锡 (F.T. Cheng)

Zheng Zhaojing 郑肇经 (C.C. Cheng)

114

127

138

Zhenjiang (Chinkiang)

218

Zhenjiang hydraulic model

106

Zhou Enlai 周恩来 (Chou En-Lai)

Zhu De 朱德

Zhu Rongji 朱镕基

Zong Liangyi 宗良圯 (Chung Liang I)

Zongli Yamen

Zuiderzee (film)