Glossarial Index
All references in this index are to the Latin text (where the terms indexed are recognizable by an asterisk) and are given by book and chapter numbers. References to proper names that are alluded to in the text but not explicitly mentioned are enclosed in square brackets. Mentions of the dialogue’s interlocutors are included, but not their speeches, and references occurring in the title of the work, as well as in the rubrics and marginal notes, are omitted. I have decided to exclude from this index the word “res publica,” since it appears almost constantly in the text of the dialogue, but I have included references to Plato’s eponymous work.
achates lapis, an agate gem
1.62
Addua, the Adda river in Lombardy
2.14–15
Adriaticum mare, the Adriatic Sea, part of the Mediterranean Sea between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula
2.9
Africa, the continent of Africa
2.6
Africanus. See Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius
Aganippes, the naiad Aganippe
3.4
Ἁγία Σοφία, the Basilica of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople
3.11
Agrippina, Vipsania Agrippina (36 BC–20 AD), first wife of the Emperor Tiberius
3.70
Ahala, Gaius Servilius Structus, a legendary Roman politician (fifth century BC)
2.30
Albertinus de Salso, Albertino da Salso, fourteenth-century Italian physician
4.46
Alceus, the Greek lyric poet Alcaeus (seventh–sixth century BC)
4.82
Alexander quintus, Pope Alexander V, born Pietro Filargo of Candia (ca. 1339–1410), who reigned from 1409 to his death, simultaneously with the antipopes Gregory XII and Benedict XIII
3.prol.1
alme Virginis templum. See templum alme Virginis
Alpes, the Alps
2.20, 2.109, 4.1
nivose
4.2
Alpis Iulia, the Julian Alps
2.13
Alverni, incorrect form for Arverni, a Celtic tribe
2.13
Alvernia, the Auvergne region in south-central France
2.7
Ambigatus, a legendary king of the Bituriges (sixth century BC)
2.11
Ambraci, incorrect form for Ambarri, a Celtic tribe
2.13
Ambrosius, Aurelius, Ambrose (ca. 340–397), the patron saint of Milan
1.prol.4, 2.48
Anacharsis, Scythian philosopher (sixth century BC)
1.60
Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher (ca. 510–428 BC)
4.58
ἀνδρεία. See fortitudo
Anglia, England
2.7
Apelles, Greek painter (fl. fourth century BC)
4.91
Apollo, the mythical inventor of medicine
4.63
Appenninus (mons), the Apennine Mountains in Italy
2.20
Apuleius Saturninus, Lucius, Roman politician (130–100 BC)
2.31
Apulia, a region in southeastern Italy
4.3
Arabia, the Arabian Peninsula
2.6
Arabici, the Arabs
4.62
Arbosius, Iohannes, the French painter and illuminator Jean d’ Arbois (fl. 1365–1399)
4.92
Archilochus, Greek lyric poet (ca. 680–ca. 645 BC)
4.87
Archimedes, Greek mathematician (ca. 287–ca. 212 BC)
4.58
Archytas, Greek philosopher (428–347 BC)
1.prol.7, 4.58
Argus, a hundred-eyed giant
4.7
Ariani, the Arians, followers of Arius (256–336), who believed that God the Father, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit did not share the same nature
2.48
ἀριστοκρατία, aristocracy, a form of government in which power is held by the nobility
2.24
Aristotiles, the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC)
2.prol.1, 2.prol.4, 4.57–58, 4.85
arithmetica, arithmetic
3.91
Armenia, a region of western Asia
2.6
Arthemisia, Artemisia II, queen of Caria (d. 350 BC)
3.69
Arzana, the Venetian Arsenal
4.42
Asclepiades, Machaon, the mythical son of Asclepius, who fought in the Trojan War
4.63
Asiaticus, -a, -um, Asian
suppellex
1.43
Assyria, a region in northern Mesopotamia
2.6
astrologia, astrology (and astronomy)
3.93
astutie, or stratagemata, Gr. στρατηγήματα, military artifices
2.123, 3.86
Athene, the city of Athens
3.9
Athenienses, the Athenians
2.108, 3.8, 3.37, 4.58
Atheniensis, Athenian
Codrus
3.20
Plato
4.58
Socrates
4.58
Solon
4.58
Augustinenses Papie, the Augustinian basilica of Saint Peter in Ciel d’Oro in Pavia
4.35
Augustinus, Aurelius, Augustine of Hippo (354–430)
1.prol.4, 3.75
Augustus, the first Roman emperor (63 BC–14 AD)
4.87
Aulerci, a Celtic tribe or confederation of tribes
2.13
Aurelius Augustinus. See Augustinus, Aurelius
Aurelius [Pecuniola]. See Pecuniola, Publius Aurelius
Avicenna, Persian physician (ca. 980–1037)
4.63
Bacchus, the god of wine; hence also, wine
1.3, 1.4, 3.27
Baldus de Perusio, the Italian jurist Baldo degli Ubaldi (1327–1400)
4.47
Barnabas, the apostle Saint Barnabas, who brought Christianity to Milan as the first bishop of Milan (d. 61 AD)
2.47
Bartholomeus Falchio. See Falchio, Bartholomeus
Bellovesus, the legendary Gallic king and founder of Milan (ca. 590 BC)
2.12–13, 2.19
Bernardinus Magnanus. See Magnanus, Bernardinus
bibliotheca (Papie), the Visconti Library in Pavia
4.prol.1, 4.48
Bituriges, a Celtic tribe in central Gaul
2.13
Bituringia, the territory of the Bituriges, corresponding to the ancient province of Berry
2.7
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus, Roman philosopher and senator (ca. 477–524)
4.35
Bohemia, a region in central Europe, now part of the Czech Republic
2.7
Boi, Boii, a Gallic tribe
2.20
Bononia, the city of Bologna
4.44, [4.47]
Bononiensis, of Bologna
Riccardus de Saliceto
4.46
studium
4.47
Brennus, fourth-century BC chieftain of the Senones who led an army of Cisalpine Gauls in their attack on Rome
2.20
Brixia, the city of Brescia in eastern Lombardy
2.19
Brutus, Lucius Iunius, the founder and one of the first consuls of the Roman Republic (d. 509 BC)
2.25–26, 2.115
Brutus, Marcus Iunius, Roman politician, descendant of Lucius Junius Brutus and one of Julius Caesar’s assassins (85–42 BC)
3.69
Brutus, Tiberius Iunius, the elder son (d. ca. 509 BC) of Lucius Junius Brutus
[2.115]
Brutus, Titus Iunius, the younger son (d. ca. 509 BC) of Lucius Junius Brutus
[2.115]
Byas, the Greek politician Bias of Priene, one of the seven sages of Greece (ca. 600–530 BC)
4.58
Calabria, a region in southern Italy
1.prol.7
Calcidensis, of Chalcis
Zenophilus
4.58
Calpurnius Piso. See Piso Frugi, Lucius Calpurnius
Camillus, Marcus Furius, Roman statesman and soldier (ca. 446–336 BC)
4.74
Campani, the Campanians, an ancient Italic people living in the area of Capua
4.34
Candaules, king of Lydia (d. ca. 687 BC)
[1.62]
Candidus. See Decembrius, Petrus Candidus
Canis, Facinus, Facino Cane (1360–1412), a military captain who tyrannically ruled the duchy of Milan after the death of Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti
[2.36], 4.prol.4
spurcus homo et nequam
2.35
Canne, Cannae, a village in the Apulia region
4.3
Cannensis clades, the Battle of Cannae (216 BC)
2.121
canonicum ius. See ius canonicum
Capitolium, the Capitoline Hill in Rome
2.20, 3.83, 4.79
Capua, a city in Campania in southern Italy
4.34
Carbonaria, Piazza of San Giovanni a Carbonara in Naples
4.38
Caria, a region of western Anatolia
3.69
Carmites, incorrect form for Carnutes, a Gaulish people
2.13
Carneades, Greek philosopher (214–129/128 BC)
4.58
Carunda, Charondas, lawgiver of Catania in Sicily (sixth century BC)
4.76
Cascellius, Gaius Aulus, Roman jurist (first century BC)
4.50
Cato, a Roman pontifex
4.10
Cato Uticensis, Marcus Porcius, Cato the Younger, Roman statesman (95–46 BC)
2.24, 3.69, 3.85
durus
2.24
Catonianus, -a, -um, of Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Elder)
illud
1.13, 3.65, 4.26
Catullus, Gaius Valerius, Latin poet (ca. 84–ca. 54 BC)
1.prol.4
C. Cotta. See Cotta, Gaius Aurelius
cella Iovis Optimi Maximi, the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus in Rome
4.79
Celte, the Celts
2.12
Cenomani, a Celtic people of Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy)
2.19
Cepio, Quintus Servilius, the Roman statesman and general Quintus Servilius Caepio, consul in 106 BC
2.31
Ceres, goddess of agriculture and grain crops; hence also, grain
3.27
Cesar, Gaius Iulius, Roman politician and military general (100–44 BC)
3.10, 3.94, 4.10
Cesares, the Caesars (i.e., the Holy Roman emperors)
2.17
novi
1.2
C. et M. Plancii. See Plancus, Gaius and Plancus, Marcus
christiani, the Christians
1.5, 2.48, 4.10, 4.97
See also christicola
christianissimus, -a, -um, the most Christian
Iustinianus
3.11
christianus, -a, -um, Christian
fides
2.47
christicola, Christian
1.6
See also christiani
Christus, Christ
2.47
Chrysippus, Greek philosopher (ca. 279–ca. 206 BC)
4.58
Chylon, Chilon, Spartan politician, one of the seven sages of Greece (fl. sixth century BC)
4.58
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Roman statesman and orator (106–43 BC)
1.9, 2.60, 2.92, 3.53, 4.84–86, 4.95
eloquentissimus
1.21
princeps eloquentie
3.25
noster
3.34
Cicero Minor, Marcus Tullius, son (b. 65 BC) of Marcus Tullius Cicero, nicknamed Bibulus (Drunkard)
3.34
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quintius, Roman statesman and military leader (ca. 519–ca. 430 BC)
2.30, 2.116, 4.78
Circeus, -a, -um, of Circe
fabula
1.106
civile ius. See ius civile
civilis (philosophia). See politica
Clausium, the ancient city of Clusium in Italy
2.20
Cleantes, the Greek philosopher Cleanthes (ca. 330–ca. 230 BC)
4.58
Cleobulus, tyrant of Lindos, one of the seven sages of Greece (fl. sixth century BC)
4.58
Cleopatra, Cleopatra VII Philopator, queen of the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt (69–30 BC)
3.70, 4.81
Clytemestra, Clytemnestra, wife of Agamemnon and legendary queen of Mycenae (or Argos)
3.70
C. Manlius. See Manlius, Gaius
C. Marius. See Marius, Gaius
Codrus, the legendary last king of Athens
3.20
comitium, an area in the northwest corner of the Roman Forum where the popular assemblies (comitia) were held
4.79
concilium Constantiense, the Council of Constance (1414–1418)
2.50–51
Constantini urbs, the city of Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey), founded by the Roman emperor Constantine I (272–337) in 324
3.11
Consualia, the Roman festival in honor of Consus, god of the granary
1.23
Corinthius, -a, -um, of Corinth
Periander
4.58
vasa et signa
1.43
Cotta, Gaius Aurelius, Roman statesman and military leader, consul in 252 and 248 BC
2.114
Cretenses, the Cretans, inhabitants of Crete
2.25
Cumanus lacus, Lake Como
2.15
curia, the Roman Senate
3.23, 3.50, 4.79
See also senatus
Curius Dentatus, Manius, three-time consul and hero of the Roman Republic (ca. 330–270 BC)
4.24
Curtius, Quintus, incorrect reference to Manius Curius Dentatus
3.20
December, Ubertus, Uberto Decembrio, the author of the De re publica libri IV and one of the dialogue’s interlocutors (d. 1427)
1.16, 1.54, 1.59, 1.81
Decembrius, Petrus Candidus, Pier Candido Decembrio (1392 or 1399–1477), Uberto’s son and secretary of Duke Filippo Maria Visconti
4.prol.5
Decius Mus, Publius (1), consul of the Roman Republic in 340 BC
3.20
Decius Mus, Publius (2), consul of the Roman Republic (d. 295 BC), son of Publius Decius Mus (1)
3.20
de Homodeis, Segnorolus, the Italian jurist Signorolo degli Omodei (1308–1371)
4.46
de la Cruce, Manfredus, Manfredo della Croce, abbot of the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio, one of the dialogue’s interlocutors
1.14, 1.18, 1.53, [1.75], 1.107, [2.124–125], [3.40], [3.57], [3.60], [3.111], [4.98]
de la Scala nobiles, the noble family of the Scaliger, lords of Verona from 1262 to 1387
4.22
delubrum Ambrosii, the shrine of Ambrose, or the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan
1.1, 1.14, [1.74]
δημοκρατική. See popularis (principandi species)
Democritus, Greek philosopher (ca. 460–ca. 370 BC)
2.prol.4, 4.58
Demosthenes, Greek statesman and orator (384–322 BC)
4.86
de Sanctasophia, Marsilius, the Italian physician Marsilio di Santasofia (ca. 1338–1405)
4.47
de Tertiis, Otho, the Italian military captain Ottobuono de’ Terzi, who despotically ruled the cities of Parma and Reggio Emilia from 1404 to his death in 1409
2.37
deus, a (pagan) god
1.prol.6, 1.3, 1.5–6, 2.45, 2.71, 3.2, 3.29, 4.80
See also dii
Deus, God the Father
1.63, 1.71, 1.79–81, 1.84–85, 1.101, 1.112, 1.117, 1.119–120, 2.10–11, 2.32, 2.36, 2.39, 2.49, 3.19, 3.58, 3.60, 3.62, 4.9, 4.12
δικαιοσύνη. See iustitia
dii, the pagan gods
1.71
See also deus
dimocratica. See popularis (principandi species)
domus regula. See yconomica
Donatiste, the Donatists, followers of Donatus Magnus (d. ca. 355), who claimed that the validity of the sacraments depended on the worthiness of the minister
2.48
Drusus, Marcus Livius, tribune of the plebeians of the Roman Republic (d. 91 BC)
2.31
dyaletica, dialectic
3.89, 4.55, [4.56], 4.85
Dyaletica (Aristotelis), Aristotle’s Dialectic (or the whole Organon)
4.57
Edui, Aedui, a Celtic tribe in east-central Gaul
2.13
Egyptianus, -a, -um, Egyptian
milites
4.81
Egyptii, the Egyptians
4.62
Egyptus, Egypt
2.6
Elea, the region of Elis in southern Greece
4.40
Elicona, Mount Helicon in Boeotia, where, according to Greek myth, there were two springs sacred to the Muses, the Aganippe and the Hippocrene
3.4
Emilianus. See Scipio Emilianus, Publius Cornelius
Emilius Lepidus. See Lepidus, Marcus Emilius
Eneas, the Trojan hero Aeneas
1.62, 3.28
Ennius, Quintus, Roman writer and poet (ca. 239–ca. 169 BC)
3.25
ephori, the Spartan ephors, an annually elected council of five who shared power with the two Spartan kings
4.82
Eritonius, incorrect reference to Etitovius, leader of the Cenomani
2.19
Esculapius, Aesculapius (or Asclepius), god of medicine
4.63
Ethica (Aristotelis), Aristotle’s Ethics (Nicomachean Ethics, Magna Moralia, and Eudemian Ethics)
4.57
ἠθική. See moralis (philosophia)
Etrusci, the Etruscans
2.13, 2.20
εὐκαιρία. See occasio
Euclides, the Greek philosopher Euclid (ca. 435–ca. 365 BC)
4.50
εὐταξία. See modestia
Fabia, gens, the Fabian gens, one of the most ancient patrician families in Rome
4.78
Fabius Maximus Eburnus, Quintus, Roman statesman, consul in 116 BC
2.114
Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Quintus, Roman statesman and general (ca. 280–203 BC)
2.120, 4.10, 4.78
Fabius Rutilianus. See Rutilianus, Fabius
Fabricius Luscinus, Gaius, Roman statesman, consul in 282 BC
4.75
Falchio, Bartholomeus, Bartolomeo Falcone, doctor and soldier, contemporary of Uberto Decembrio
2.70
Falisci, the Faliscans, an Italic people who lived in what is now northern Lazio
4.74
Flaccus. See Horatius Flaccus, Quintus
Flavii, the Flavian dynasty; hence, a title of legitimacy used by the Lombard kings (sixth–eighth century AD)
4.35
Florentinus, -a, -um, of Florence
Zotus
4.92
fortitudo, Gr. ἀνδρεία, fortitude, one of the four cardinal virtues
1.99, 2.87–88, 4.70
frumentaria (lex). See lex frumentaria
Fulvius Flaccus, Gneus, brother of Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, convicted of cowardice against Hannibal in 210 BC
2.114
Fulvius Flaccus, Quintus, Roman statesman and military leader, consul in 237 and 234 BC
2.114, 4.34
Furius, Roman jurist (first century BC)
4.50
Gades, the city of Cadiz in southwestern Spain
1.2
Gaius Aurelius Scaurus. See Scaurus, Gaius Aurelius
Galeaz Vicecomes. See Vicecomes, Galeaz
Galienus, the Greek physician Galen (129–ca. 200/216)
1.72, 4.63
Galli, the Gauls
2.19
Gallia, Gaul, a region in western Europe
2.7, 2.12
Gallicus, -a, -um, Gaulish; hence, French
fercula
1.43
verba
2.72
Gentilis Fabriano, the Italian painter Gentile da Fabriano (ca. 1370–1427)
4.92
geometria, geometry
3.91
Germani, the Germanic peoples
2.19
Germania, a region in north-central Europe inhabited by the Germanic peoples; hence, Germany
2.7
Ghibellini, the Ghibellines, a faction supporting the Holy Roman emperor in the Italian city-states and communes during the late Middle Ages
2.37
Gigantes, the mythical giants
1.71
Gorgias, Greek philosopher (ca. 485–ca. 380 BC)
1.12, 2.prol.4, 4.58
Gracchus, Gaius Sempronius, Roman tribune of the plebs (154–121 BC), younger brother of Tiberius
2.31
Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius, Roman tribune of the plebs (ca. 169/164–133 BC)
2.31, 3.69
Grece (adv.), in Greek
3.88
Greci, the Greeks
1.12, 1.99, 2.23, 3.4, 3.92, 4.15, 4.44, 4.58, 4.60, 4.67–70, 4.86
Grecia, Greece
3.9, 4.40, 4.59
Grecum, the Greek language
4.84
Grecus, -a, -um, Greek
grammatica
3.87
lingua
1.17
origo
3.3
vocabulum
1.99, 2.23, 3.11
volumina
4.48
Guelfi, the Guelphs, a faction supporting the pope in the Italian city states and communes during the late Middle Ages
2.37
Gyges, king of Lydia (fl. seventh century BC)
1.62
Hannibal, the Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca (247–ca. 183/181 BC)
2.122, 3.84, 4.2–3, [4.4]
Hecato, Greek philosopher (fl. ca. 100 BC)
3.48
Helena, Helen, the legendary queen of Sparta kidnapped by Prince Paris of Troy
3.70
Her, Er, a character in the Myth of Er in Plato’s Republic
4.95
Hercules, or Heracles, Greek and Roman hero and god
1.2–4, 4.14
Herycinii saltus, the Hercynian Forest
2.13
Hesiodus, the Greek poet Hesiod (eighth–seventh century BC)
2.25
Hibernia, the island of Ireland
2.7
Hippocras, the Greek physician Hippocrates (ca. 460–ca. 370 BC)
4.63
Hispania, the Iberian Peninsula
2.111
Histrum, the Istrian Peninsula
2.7
Homerus, the legendary Greek poet Homer
2.25, 4.63
honorabilis (principandi species), Gr. τιμοκρατική (πολιτεία), timocracy, a form of government in which ambition for honor and glory motivates the rulers
2.23, 2.25
Horatius Flaccus, Quintus, the Roman poet Horace (65–8 BC)
[3.73], 4.44, 4.90
horologium (Papiense), the clock built in 1381 by Giovanni Dondi for Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti, who installed it in his library in Pavia
4.prol.1
Hypsicratea, queen of Pontus (fl. 63 BC)
3.69
Iacobus Mothonensis, Giacomo da Modone, provost of the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio, one of the dialogue’s interlocutors
2.125, [3.1], [3.25], [3.40], [4.1], [4.98]
Ianua, the city of Genoa in Liguria
4.42
Ianuenses, the Genoese
4.39
Iapyx, the favorite of Apollo, who gave him the gift of healing
4.63
Illyricus, -a, -um, Illyrian
mare
2.9
India, the Indian subcontinent
2.6
Insubrium ager (or Sebrium), the territory of the Gaulish people of the Insubri, later named Seprio, now in northwestern Lombardy
2.13, 2.15
Iohannes (Vicecomes). See Vicecomes, Iohannes
Iohannes Arbosius. See Arbosius, Iohannes
Iohannes de Horologio, the physician and astronomer Giovanni Dondi dell’Orologio (ca. 1330–1388)
4.prol.1
Iohannes de Senis, a Sienese painter, probably an incorrect reference to the painter Simone Martini (ca. 1284–1344)
4.92
Iohannes Galeaz (Vicecomes). See Vicecomes, Iohannes Galeaz
Iohannes Maria (Vicecomes). See Vicecomes, Iohannes Maria
Ioviniani, the Jovinians, followers of Jovinian (d. ca. 405), referred to by Saint Jerome as the “Epicurus of Christianity”
2.48
Ippia, probably an incorrect reference to Eppia, a senator’s wife who ran off with a gladiator, mentioned in Juvenal’s sixth Satire
3.70
Isocrates, Greek rhetorician (436–338 BC)
4.58
Italia, Italy
1.prol.7, 2.8, 2.13, 2.17, 2.19, 2.109, 2.121, 3.50, 4.59
Italicus, -a, -um, Italian
religio
2.47
Iubilus, Marcus, incorrect reference to Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, a politician of the Roman Republic (ca. 102–48 BC)
4.81
Iudei, the Jews
2.48
Iugurthinum prelium, the Jugurthine War (112–106 BC)
2.113
Iulia (Cesaris filia), the daughter of Gaius Julius Caesar and the fourth wife of Pompey the Great (ca. 76–54 BC)
3.69
Iulius Cesar. See Cesar, Gaius Iulius
Iupiter, the planet Jupiter
3.93
ius canonicum (or iura canonica), canon law
3.14, 4.43
ius civile (or ius Romanum civile), civil law
1.78, 3.8, 3.12, 4.43
ius gentium, law of nations
3.7, 3.12–13, 3.58
ius naturale primevum, primitive natural law
3.6, 3.58
ius non scriptum, unwritten law
3.15
ius publicum, public law
1.26
Iustinianus, Justinian I (ca. 482–565), emperor of the Byzantine Empire
3.11, 4.17
Iustinianus, -a, -um, of Justinian
sanctio
1.72
iustitia, Gr. δικαιοσύνη, justice, the foundation of the commonwealth and one of the four cardinal virtues
1.18, 1.28–30, 1.46–61, 1.63–64, 1.66–69, 1.72–75, 1.77, 1.81, 1.86–90, 1.99, 1.102, 1.107, 1.110, 1.121, 2.1–2, 2.41, 2.79, 2.81–82, 2.84–89, 3.prol.5, 3.6, 3.23–24, 3.31, 3.97, 4.43–44, 4.52, 4.68, 4.72, 4.74, 4.77, 4.83, 4.93, 4.98
ius utriusque. See ius canonicum and ius civile
ius XII tabularum. See leges XII tabularum
Iuvenal, Decimus Iunius, the Roman poet Juvenal (fl. first–second century AD)
[2.105], [3.23], [3.49], [3.111], [4.14], 4.21, [4.31]
Karthago, the city of Carthage; hence, the Carthaginian Empire
2.112, 4.3–4
Lacedemone, or Lacedemonium, Lacedaemon, the other name of Sparta
4.82, 4.87
Lacedemonii, the Lacedaemonians
2.89, 3.69
See also Lacones and Spartani
Lacedemonius, -a, -um, Lacedaemonian
Chylon
4.58
Lacones, the Laconians
2.25
prisci
3.37
See also Lacedemonii and Spartani
Lares patrii, the paternal Lares, guardian deities in ancient Roman religion; hence, fatherland, hometown
4.74
Latine (adv.), in Latin
1.17, 3.88
Latini, the Latins
[2.112], 4.57
prisci
3.79
Latinum, the Latin language
1.17, 4.84
Latinus, -a, -um, Latin
grammatica
3.87
lingua
1.17
transfugi
2.112
vocabulum
4.66
volumina
4.48
Laufella, incorrect reference to Saufeia, a priestess of the Bona Dea mentioned by Juvenal for her drunkenness and immodest sexual behavior
3.70
L. Brutus. See Brutus, Lucius Iunius
leges XII tabularum, the law of the Twelve Tables
1.26, 3.9
Leo (Morigia). See Morigia, Leo
Leonardus Aretinus, the Italian humanist Leonardo Bruni from Arezzo, Tuscany (ca. 1370–1444)
orator conspicuus
4.84
Leontinus, -a, -um, of Leontini
Gorgias
2.prol.4, 4.58
Lepidus, Marcus Emilius, the Roman statesman and military leader Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (ca. 230–152 BC)
3.83
lex agraria, the Agrarian Law
1.26
lex frumentaria, the Corn Law
1.26
lex matrimonialis, the Marriage Law
1.26
Libya, the region west of the Nile corresponding to the modern Maghreb
2.6
Liguria, a territory in northwestern Italy subject to Milan
1.prol.3, 1.8, 2.8, 2.13, 2.37, 4.3
Ligures, the Ligurians
1.122
Limprandus, Liutprand, king of the Lombards from 712 to 744
4.35
Lingones, a Celtic tribe who lived in eastern Gaul
2.20
Livius, Titus, the Roman historian Livy (64 or 59 BC–12 or 17 AD)
2.12, 2.19, 4.4
Livius Drusus. See Drusus, Marcus Livius
L. Minucius. See Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus, Lucius
Locrenses, the Locrians
4.76
Longobardi, the Lombards
4.35
L. Paulus. See Paulus, Lucius Emilius
L. Postumius. See Postumius, Lucius
L.Q. (or Quintius) Cincinnatus. See Cincinnatus, Lucius Quintius
L. Sylla. See Sylla, Lucius Cornelius
Lucanus, Marcus Anneus, the Roman poet Lucan (39–65 AD)
2.32, 2.80, 3.24, 3.27
ludus cestuum, a mock tournament established by Liutprand in Pavia
4.35, [4.36–37]
Luna, the moon
3.93, 4.61
Lydia, a kingdom in western Asia Minor
1.62
Lydius, -a, -um, of Lydia
Cleobulus
4.58
Macedonicus, -a, -um, of Macedon
Aristotiles
4.58
Magna Grecia, Magna Graecia, a region of Greek colonial expansion corresponding to what is now southern Italy
1.prol.7
Magnanus, Bernardinus, Bernardino Magnani, Pavian physician, contemporary of Uberto Decembrio
2.70
Maineriis, Mainus de, the Italian physician Maino de Maineri (d. 1368)
4.46
Maior lacus, Lake Maggiore
2.15
See also Verbanus lacus
Manfredus de la Cruce. See de la Cruce, Manfredus
Manlius, Gaius, incorrect reference to Gnaeus Mallius Maximus, Roman politician and general, consul in 105 BC
4.33
Manlius (Imperiosus) Torquatus, Titus, Roman statesman and military leader (fourth century BC)
2.115
Mantuanus, of Mantua in northern Italy
Virgilius
1.prol.4
Marcellus, Marcus Claudius, Roman statesman and military leader (ca. 268–208 BC)
2.121
Marius, Gaius, Roman statesman and general (157–86 BC)
3.50
Maro. See Virgilius Maro, Publius
Mars, the planet Mars
sevus
3.93
Marsilius de Sanctasophia. See de Sanctasophia, Marsilius
Martesana, a territory north of Milan
2.15
Martinus, Romanus pontifex, Pope Martin V, born Otto Colonna (1369–1431), who reigned from 1417 to his death
2.50
mathematica, mathematics
4.61
Matthia, the apostle Matthias
2.47
matrimonialis (lex). See lex matrimonialis
Mauritania, a territory in the western Maghreb
2.6
Mausolus, satrap of Caria (377–353 BC)
3.69
M. Cato. See Cato Uticensis, Marcus Porcius
Medea, a mythical sorceress, niece of Circes
3.70
medicina (or medicinalis ars), medicine
1.38, 1.51, 1.78, 3.37, 4.43, 4.46, 4.47, 4.61–62, [4.63]
Mediolanensis, of Milan
gens
2.21
Mainus de Maineriis
4.46
Segnorolus de Homodeis
4.46
Mediolanum, Mediolanium, or Milanum, the city of Milan
1.prol.3, 2.13, [2.14], [2.17], 2.18, [2.47], 4.prol.3, [4.22]
Melius, Spurius, the Roman plebeian Spurius Maelius, suspected of aiming at royal power, slain by Gaius Servilius Ahala in 439 BC
2.30
Meotides paludes, the Maeotian marshes, or Sea of Azov
2.7
Mercurius, the planet Mercury
3.93
Messalina, Valeria Messalina (ca. 17/20–48 AD), the third wife of the Roman emperor Claudius, a woman notorious for her nymphomania
3.70
Messius, Quintus, incorrect reference to the Roman statesman and general Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus (ca. 210–116/115 BC)
2.119
Metellus Numidicus, Quintus Cecilius, Roman statesman and military leader (ca. 160–91 BC)
2.31, 2.113
Methaphysica (Aristotelis), Aristotle’s Metaphysics
4.57
Methaurorum libri (Aristotelis), Aristotle’s Meteorology (or Meteors)
4.57
Michael (or Michelinus) Papiensis, the Pavian painter Michelino Molinari da Besozzo (ca. 1370–ca. 1455)
3.100, 4.92
Michelinus Papiensis. See Michael Papiensis
Milanum. See Mediolanum
Milesius, -a, -um, of Miletus, a Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia
Thales
4.58
Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom
1.5, 2.25
Minius, -a, -um, Minyan
mulieres
3.69
Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus, Lucius, Roman politician, consul in 458 BC, decemvir from 450 to 449 BC
2.116
Mithridates, Mithridates VI, king of Pontus (135–63 BC)
3.69
M. Iubilus. See Iubilus, Marcus
modestia, Gr. εὐταξία, modesty
1.29, 1.99, 2.43, 2.92, 3.45, 3.51, 4.30, 4.69, 4.73
moralis (philosophia), Gr. ἠθική, moral philosophy
4.57, 4.66
Morigia, Leo, Leone Morigia, one of the dialogue’s interlocutors
1.1, 1.6, 1.11, 1.41, 1.49, 1.51, 1.75, 1.108, 1.121, 2.1, [2.2], 2.22, 2.76, 2.98, 2.124, 3.25, 3.97, 3.111, [4.98]
Morigia, Simon, Simone Morigia, one of the dialogue’s interlocutors, younger brother of Leone
1.1, 1.5, 1.8, 1.11–12, 1.17, 1.21, 1.47, 1.49, 1.53, 1.121, 2.1, [2.2], 2.22, 2.76, 2.97, 2.124, 3.106, [4.98]
Moyses, the five books of Moses, or Pentateuch, including Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
3.60
M. Scaurus. See Scaurus, Marcus Emilius
Mucius Scevola, Quintus, the Roman politician and jurist Quintus Mucius Scaevola (ca. 189–88 BC)
3.50, 4.50
musica, music
1.51, 3.37, 3.92
Mytilenus, -a, -um, of Mytilene on the island of Lesbos
Pittacus
4.50
Nasica Scipio. See Scipio Nasica, Publius Cornelius
Naso. See Ovidius Naso, Publius
naturalis (philosophia). See physica
Neapolis, the city of Naples
4.38
Nemeus, -a, -um, of Nemea in Argolis, where Hercules killed the Nemean lion
leo
1.4
Nevius, Quintus, incorrect reference to the Roman centurion Quintus Navius, who at the siege of Capua (212 BC) was the first to suggest the mixing of infantry with cavalry
4.34
Numantia, an ancient Celtiberian city besieged by the Roman army in 134–133 BC
2.111
occasio, Gr. εὐκαιρία, occasion
3.51
οἰκονομική. See yconomica
oligarchica. See paucorum regentium (principandi species)
ὀλιγαρχική. See paucorum regentium (principandi species)
Olympia, the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece
4.40
Olympum, Mount Olympus in Thessaly, Greece, the mythical home of the Greek gods
4.40
orti Ambrosiani, the Ambrosian gardens, i.e., the gardens of the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan
1.8
Otho de Tertiis. See de Tertiis, Otho
Ovidius Naso, Publius, the Roman poet Ovid (43 BC–17/18 AD)
1.prol.4, 2.53, [3.73], 3.110, 4.87
Padua, a city in northeastern Italy
[4.47]
Paduanus, -a, -um, of Padua
studium
4.47
See also Patavinus
Padus, the Po river in northern Italy
2.15, 2.20
pagani, the pagans
1.6, 2.47
paganus, -a, -um, pagan (adj.)
1.5
Pamphilus, -a, -um, of Pamphylia, a region in southern Asia Minor
Her
2.95
Πανδέκται, the Pandects (or Digest), compiled by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I between 530 and 533
3.11
Panigarola, a family of notaries who held statutory office in Milan from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries
4.50
Papia, the city of Pavia, south of Milan
4.35
See also Ticinum
Papiensis, Pavian
Bernardinus Magnanus
2.70
populus
4.35
studium
4.45–48
urbs
4.45
Papirius Cursor, Lucius, Roman general, five-time consul and dictator in 325 and 310 BC
2.117
Parrhasius, Greek painter (fifth–fourth century BC)
4.91
Pascalis, of Easter
dies
1.1
Patarini, the Patarenes, a religious movement that arose in eleventh-century Milan, aimed at reforming the clergy and ecclesiastical government by suppressing simony and clerical marriage
2.48
Patavinus, -a, -um, of Padua
Iohannes de Horologio
4.prol.1
See also Paduanus
paucorum regentium (principandi species), or oligarchica, Gr. ὀλιγαρχική (πολιτεία), oligarchy, a form of government in which power is held by a small elite
2.23, 2.27
Paulus, Lucius Emilius, the Roman statesman and general Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus (ca. 229–160 BC)
2.120
P. Cornelius Scipio. See Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius and Scipio Emilianus, Publius Cornelius
Pecuniola, Publius Aurelius, a relative of the consul Gaius Aurelius Cotta (incorrectly mentioned as his son)
2.114
Pelignus, -a, -um, Pelignian
Naso
1.prol.4
Peni, incorrect reference to the Pennine Pass in the western Alps
2.20
Periander, tyrant of Corinth, one of the seven sages of Greece (d. ca. 585 BC)
4.58
Peripatetici, the Peripatetic philosophers
1.113
Perseus, king of Macedon (212–166 BC)
[2.120]
Perusia (or Perusium), the city of Perugia in Umbria in central Italy
4.3, 4.47
Petilius Spurinus, Quintus, Roman statesman (d. 176 BC)
2.122
Petrarcha, Franciscus, the Italian humanist Francesco Petrarca (1304–1374)
3.2
Phalaris, the tyrant of Akragas (now Agrigento), Sicily, from ca. 570 to 554 BC, notorious for his Brazen Bull, an instrument of torture with a fire burning inside
3.49
Phedra, Phaedra, the mythical wife of Theseus, who fell in love with Hippolytus, Theseus’s son by another woman (either Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons, or Antiope, her sister)
3.70
philosophia, philosophy
1.prol.4, 1.prol.7, 1.78, 3.3–4, 3.32, 3.37, 3.95, 4.51, 4.56–58, 4.60, 4.66, 4.83, 4.85
φρόνησις. See prudentia
physica, or naturalis (philosophia), Gr. φυσική, natural philosophy
4.57, 4.60, 4.62
Physica (Aristotelis), Aristotle’s Physics
4.57
φυσική. See physica
Pindaricus, -a, -um, of the Greek poet Pindar (ca. 522–ca. 443 BC)
carmen
1.81
Pireneus, -a, -um, misspelling of Prieneus, of Priene, a city in Ionia, Greece
Byas
4.58
Pisana urbs, the city of Pisa in western Tuscany, Italy
4.38
Pise, the city of Pisa in the western Peloponnese, Greece
4.40
Piso Frugi, Lucius Calpurnius, Roman statesman, consul in 133 BC
2.118
Pittacus, Greek general, one of the seven sages of Greece (ca. 640–568 BC)
4.58, 4.82
Placentinus, -a, -um, of Piacenza
Albertinus de Salso
4.46
Plancus, Gaius, incorrect reference to Gaius Plautius Numida, a Roman senator (ca. 100 BC)
3.69
Plancus, Marcus, incorrect reference to Marcus Plautius Hypsaeus, prefect of the navy in 84–83 BC
3.69
Plato, Greek philosopher (428/427 or 424/423–348/347 BC)
1.prol.7, 1.16–17, 1.21, 2.prol.2, 2.prol.5, [2.prol.6], [2.prol.9], 2.24–25, 2.54, 2.61, 2.64, 2.74, 2.79, 2.88–89, 2.100–101, 2.104, 2.106, 3.23, 3.25, 3.27, 3.91–92, 3.102, 4.50, 4.56, 4.58, 4.84, 4.87, 4.95
politica, Gr. πολιτική, or civilis (philosophia), political philosophy, or politics
4.66, 4.84
Politica (Aristotelis), Aristotle’s Politics
4.57
πολιτική. See politica
Pompeius Magnus, Gneus, the Roman military and political leader Pompey the Great (106–48 BC)
3.69
pons Ticini, the Ticino Bridge in Pavia, a covered bridge built in the time of Giovanni Visconti and destroyed in 1944
4.45
Ponticus sinus, the Pontic Gulf, i.e., the Black Sea
2.109
Pontus, a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea in today’s northeastern Turkey
3.69
popularis (principandi species), or dimocratica, Gr. δημοκρατική (πολιτεία), democracy, a form of government in which power belongs to the people
2.23, 2.28, [2.29–30]
Porcia, Catonis filia, Portia, the daughter of Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis and the second wife of Marcus Junius Brutus (ca. 70–43 BC)
3.69
Postumius, Lucius, incorrect reference to the Roman military leader Aulus Postumius Tubertus, magister equitum (master of the cavalry) in 434 BC
2.115
prudentia, Gr. φρόνησις, prudence, one of the four cardinal virtues
1.29, 1.99, 1.101, [2.77], 3.prol.5, 3.44, 3.62, 4.67
See also sapientia
P. Rutilius. See Rutilius, Publius and Rutilius Rufus, Publius
P. Scipius. See Scipio, Publius Cornelius
Publicola. See Valerius Publicola, Publius
Publius, the Latin writer Publilius Syrus (fl. 85–43 BC)
2.prol.3
Pyrrus, Pyrrhus, king of Epirus (319/318–272 BC)
4.75
Pythagoras, Greek philosopher (ca. 570–ca. 495 BC)
1.prol.7, 1.12, 2.prol.2, 2.prol.4, 4.58
pythagoreus, -a, -um, Pythagorean (adj.)
1.prol.7
Pythagorici, the Pythagoreans, followers of Pythagoras
Archytas
4.58
Zenophilus
4.58
Q. Curtius. See Curtius, Quintus
Q. Fabius. See Fabius Maximus Eburnus, Quintus
Q. Messius. See Messius, Quintus
Q. Petilius. See Petilius Spurinus, Quintus
Q. Scevola. See Mucius Scevola, Quintus
Quiris, a Roman citizen
3.24
rationalis (philosophia, or scientia), rational philosophy, or logic
4.56–57, 4.85
Res publica, or De re publica (Platonis), Plato’s Republic
1.17, 2.74, 2.100, 3.25, 4.95
rethorica, rhetoric
3.32, 3.37, 3.90, 4.56, 4.85
Rethorica (Aristotelis), Aristotle’s Rhetoric
4.57
Riccardus de Saliceto, the Italian jurist Riccardo da Saliceto (ca. 1310–1379)
4.46
Roma, the city of Rome
2.19–21, 4.2, 4.82
See also Urbs
Romani, the Romans
1.5, 2.19, 2.111–112, 3.8–9, 3.24, 3.69, 3.83, 3.85, 4.3–4, 4.10, 4.15, 4.19, 4.21, 4.24, 4.32, 4.74–75, 4.78
veteres
1.23, 4.41
Romanum civile (ius). See ius civile
Romanus, -a, -um, Roman
annales
1.26, 2.110, 2.113
disciplina
2.121
historia
2.25
milites
4.34
populus
3.10, 4.21, 4.79–80
res publica
2.108, 2.110
urbs
2.27, 2.50
Romulus, the legendary founder and first king of Rome from ca. mid- to late eighth century BC
1.23, 2.109
rostra, a platform in the Roman forum from which orators addressed the people, so called from being adorned with the prows of captured ships
4.79
Ruthenia, a region in eastern Europe now lying in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, northeastern Slovakia, and eastern Poland
2.7
Rutilianus, Fabius, incorrect reference to the Roman statesman and military leader Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus (fourth–third century BC)
2.117
Rutilius, Publius, incorrect reference to the Roman statesman Publius Rupilius, consul in 132 BC
2.114
Rutilius Rufus, Publius, Roman statesman (158–after 78 BC)
2.31, 4.33
Salluvii, a tribe in southern Gaul
2.20
Samius, -a, -um, of Samos
Pythagoras
4.58
Samnites, an Italic people who lived in south-central Italy
4.24
sapientia, Gr. σοφία, wisdom
1.prol.4, 1.14, 1.78, 1.86, 1.99, 2.61, 3.prol.4, 3.3–4, 3.40, 3.87, 4.7, 4.29, 4.54, 4.58
See also prudentia
Sardanapalus, king of Assyria (668–626 BC)
4.14
Saturnus, the planet Saturn
3.93
Scaurus, Gaius Aurelius, the owner of a gladiatorial school in Capua in 105 BC
4.33
Scaurus, Marcus Emilius, the Roman statesman Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (ca. 163–89 BC)
4.10
Scevola. See Mucius Scevola, Quintus
Scipio, Publius Cornelius, Roman general and statesman (d. 211 BC), father of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
3.84
Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelius, Roman general and statesman (236–183 BC)
2.110, [2.112], 3.84, 4.4, 4.79, 4.96
Scipio Emilianus, Publius Cornelius, the Roman general and statesman Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus (185–129 BC), son of Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus, later adopted by Publius Cornelius Scipio, son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
2.110–111, 2.113, 4.80, 4.96
Scipio Nasica, Publius Cornelius, the Roman consul and military commander Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Cornelianus Scipio Nasica (ca. 100/98–46 BC)
4.10
Scythia, a region in eastern Europe and central Asia
2.7
Sebrium. See Insubrium
Secunda Roma, the Second Rome, a title given to the city of Milan
2.17
Segnorolus de Homodeis. See de Homodeis, Segnorolus
Segovesus, the brother of the legendary Gallic king Bellovesus
2.12–13
senatus, the Roman Senate
2.117, 2.121, 3.50, 4.81
See also curia
Seneca, Lucius Anneus, the Roman philosopher Seneca the Younger (ca. 4 BC–65 AD)
3.prol.4, 3.27, [3.73], 3.95
Senones, a Celtic people of Gaul
2.13, 2.20
septem miracula (mundi), the seven wonders of the ancient world, i.e., the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria
3.69
septem sapientes, the seven sages of Greece, a title given to seven philosophers, statesmen, and lawgivers of the sixth century BC
2.9, 4.58
sepulcrum Boethii, Boethius’s tomb in the basilica of Saint Peter in Ciel d’Oro in Pavia
4.35
Servilius Cepio. See Cepio, Quintus Servilius
Sicilia, the island of Sicily
2.114, 2.118, 2.121
Siculus, of Sicily
Archimedes
4.58
Simon (Morigia). See Morigia, Simon
Sirene, the Sirens, mythical creatures who lure sailors to their death with their songs
canentium
2.60
Socrates, Greek philosopher, one of the characters in Plato’s Republic (ca. 470–399 BC)
1.17, 2.prol.4, 2.58, 3.23, 4.12, 4.58, 4.67, 4.71
Sol, the sun
3.93, 4.61
Solon, Greek statesman, one of the seven sages of Greece (ca. 638–ca. 558 BC)
3.8–9, 4.58
Somnium Scipionis, Scipio’s Dream, the sixth book of Cicero’s De re publica
1.21, [4.96]
σοφία. See sapientia
Sophocles, Greek tragedian (ca. 497/6–406/5 BC)
3.25
σωφροσύνη. See temperantia
Spartani, the Spartans
4.82
See also Lacedemonii and Lacones
Spurius Melius. See Melius, Spurius
statua (Bacchi), a statue of Bacchus (often identified as Hercules) in the basilica of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan, destroyed in 1796
1.1–6
Stoici, the Stoic philosophers
2.24, 3.prol.6, 4.58, 4.71
stratagemata. See astutie
στρατηγήματα. See astutie
Superbus (Tarquinius). See Tarquinius Superbus
Sylla, Lucius Cornelius, the Roman general and statesman Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (ca. 138–78 BC)
3.50, 3.85
Syracuse, a city in southeastern Sicily
2.121
Tanais, a city in the Don River delta in southwestern Russia
2.7
Tarentinus, -a, -um, of Taranto, a Greek city in Apulia
Archytas
4.58
Tarquinius Priscus, the legendary fifth king of Rome from 616 to 579 BC
2.19
Tarquinius Superbus, Lucius, the legendary seventh and final king of Rome from 535 to 509 BC
[2.25], 2.26, 2.115
Taurini saltus, the Taurine passes, now the Col de Montgenèvre in the Cottian Alps, France
2.13
Taurus (mons), the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey
2.109
temperantia, Gr. σωφροσύνη, temperance, one of the four cardinal virtues
1.99, 1.103, [2.92], 3.prol.5, 4.30, 4.69, 4.72
templum alme Virginis, the Milan Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Mary of the Nativity, consecrated in 1418
2.49
templum Iani, the Temple of Janus in the Roman forum, whose doors were open in times of war, closed in times of peace
4.41
Testatius mons, Mount Testaccio, an artificial mound in Rome mostly composed of fragments of pottery
4.38
T. Gracchus. See Gracchus, Tiberius
Thales, traditionally considered the first Greek philosopher and one of the seven sages of Greece (ca. 624–ca. 546 BC)
4.58
Themison, a Greek physician, native of Laodicea in Syria (fl. first century BC)
4.65
Theophrastus, Greek philosopher (ca. 371–ca. 287 BC)
2.prol.4
Theopompus, king of Sparta during the late eighth and early seventh centuries BC
4.82
Thessalia, Thessaly, a region in northeastern Greece
4.40
Thracia, Thrace, a territory north of Thessaly in southeastern Europe
2.7
Ticinum, the city of Pavia, south of Milan
[3.84]
See also Papia
Ticinus, the Ticino River
2.13–15, 3.84, 4.3, 4.35, 4.45
τιμοκρατική. See honorabilis (principandi species)
Titius, Gaius, Roman magister equitum (master of the cavalry) in 133 BC
2.118
Titus Livius. See Livius, Titus
Traianus, the Roman emperor Trajan (53–117)
4.77
Trasimenus lacus, Lake Trasimene in Umbria in central Italy
4.3
Trebia (1), incorrect reference to the Celtiberian city of Contrebia (now Botorrita) in Spain
2.119
Trebia (2), the Trebbia River in Liguria and Emilia Romagna in northern Italy
4.3
Troianus, -a, -um, Trojan
Aeneas
1.62
bellum
4.63
Tuscia, a territory in central Italy corresponding to Tuscany, a great part of Umbria, and northern Lazio today
4.3
Tusculane (disputationes), Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations
2.25
Tusculanum, Cicero’s villa in Tusculum, a Roman city in Lazio in central Italy
1.9
tyrannis, tyranny, a form of government in which the ruler seizes and takes power illegally, often by force
1.102, 2.23, 2.30, [2.31–32], 2.34–35, 2.39, [2.40], [3.85], [4.prol.3], 4.prol.4
Tyrius, misspelling of Thurius, of Thurii, a Greek city in Apulia in southern Italy
Carunda
4.58
Umbri, the Umbrians, an Italic people living along the east bank of the upper Tiber River in central Italy
2.20
Urbs (Rome), the city of Rome
3.24, 3.50
See also Roma
Valerius (Maximus), the Roman historian Valerius Maximus (fl. 14–37 AD)
2.45, 2.109, 3.50, 3.69, 4.33
Valerius Publicola, Publius, Roman statesman and military leader, one of the first consuls of the Roman Republic (ca. 560–503 BC)
2.25–26
Varro, Marcus Terentius, Roman scholar and writer (116–27 BC)
doctissimus
2.prol.3
Veneti, the Venetians, i.e., the inhabitants of Venice
2.9, 4.39
Venetie, the city of Venice in northeastern Italy
4.42
Venus (1), the Roman goddess of love; hence, lust
4.14
Venus (2), the planet Venus
3.93
Verbanus lacus, another name of Lake Maggiore
2.15
See also Maior lacus
Verona, a city in northeastern Italy
2.19
Veronensis, of Verona
Catullus
1.prol.4
dominium
4.22
Virgilius Maro, Publius, the Roman poet Virgil (70–19 BC)
1.prol.4, 3.28, [3.29], 3.79, 3.85, 3.111, 4.21, 4.89
noster
1.22
Vicecomes, Filippus Maria, Filippo Maria Visconti (1392–1447), duke of Milan
[1.prol.1], [2.prol.1], [2.38], [3.prol.1], [4.prol.1], [4.45], [4.48]
Vicecomes, Galeaz, Galeazzo II Visconti (ca. 1320–1378), lord of Milan
4.45
Vicecomes, Iohannes, Giovanni Visconti (1290–1354), archbishop and lord of Milan
1.8, 4.22, [4.24]
Vicecomes, Iohannes Galeaz, Gian Galeazzo Visconti (1351–1402), duke of Milan
2.38, [3.prol.1], [4.47]
Vicecomes, Iohannes Maria, Giovanni Maria Visconti (1390–1412), duke of Milan
2.36
Vicecomites, the Visconti family
4.45
Xenophon, Greek philosopher and historian (ca. 430–354 BC)
4.84
yconomica (Gr. οἰκονομική), or domus regula, economics, or household management
4.84
Yconomica (Aristotelis), Aristotle’s Economics (now attributed to a student of Aristotle or of his follower Theophrastus)
4.57
Zaleucus, Greek lawgiver of Locri, Magna Graecia, now Calabria in southern Italy (fl. seventh century BC)
4.76
Zeno, Greek philosopher, native of Citium, Cyprus (ca. 334–ca. 262 BC)
4.58
Zenophilus, the Greek philosopher Xenophilus (ca. fourth century BC)
4.58
Zeuxis, Greek painter, native of Heraclea in Magna Graecia, now Basilicata in southern Italy (fl. fifth century BC)
4.91
Zotus, the Italian painter Giotto di Bondone (ca. 1267–1337)
4.92