| Figures | ||
| 1.1 | Lascaux animal painting. Photo by Professor Saxx. The author permits use of the picture for private, public or commercial purposes to copy, distribute and/or modify under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. | 4 |
| 1.2 | Online course template with graphics. | 10 |
| 1.3 | Online course template without graphics. | 10 |
| 2.1 | In or out of the box. | 22 |
| 2.2 | Zuni bear fetish ornament. | 25 |
| 2.3 | Peirce’s triadic theory of signs. | 27 |
| 2.4 | De Saussure’s dyadic theory of signs. | 27 |
| 2.5 | Plato’s cave. | 30 |
| 2.6 | Ten steps of student overload navigating online courses. | 36 |
| 3.1 | Painting (Artwork by Kathleen Padoan, used with permission). | 41 |
| 3.2 | Abstract art (Artwork by Kathleen Padoan, used with permission). | 41 |
| 3.3 | Rudimentary drawing of fire. | 48 |
| 3.4 | Ceremonial headdress drawing. Openclipart, 2016, https://openclipart.org/tag/headdress. Used under Creative Commons license, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ | 50 |
| 3.5 | Drawing of a 20th century classroom. | 51 |
| 3.6 | Web symbols. Wikipedia Commons, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Webdings-big.png/640px-Webdings-big.png | 52 |
| 3.7 | USAACC Augmentative and Alternative Communication website (United States Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, https://www.ussaac.org/). | 54 |
| 3.8 | USSAAC website example of pull-down graphics explaining highlighted words (United States Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, https://www.ussaac.org/). | 54 |
| 3.9 | Stick figure example of thoughts inside and outside of one’s head. | 55 |
| 4.1 | Storytelling. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 65 |
| 4.2 | Sleeping Beauty, https://openclipart.org/detail/221189/sleeping-beauty. Used under Openclipart Sharing License 1.0, https://openclipart.org/share | 70 |
| 4.3 | Dragon. https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=118578&picture=asian-dragon. Used under Openclipart Sharing License 1.0, https://openclipart.org/share | 71 |
| 4.4 | Excavating deep metaphors. | 73 |
| 4.5 | Eye exam chart. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 80 |
| 4.6 | Connecting to others. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 82 |
| 5.1 | Branding for semiotic marketing. | 91 |
| 5.2 | Beauty and the Beast by W. Goble, 1913. Courtesy Wikipedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30429016 | 93 |
| 5.3 | Online course confusion. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 99 |
| 5.4 | Greimas’s semiotic square. | 101 |
| 5.5 | Greimas’s square conceptual framework for online higher education analysis. | 104 |
| 5.6 | Greimas’s square factors for online higher education analysis. | 104 |
| 5.7 | Completed Greimas’s square analysis for online higher education. Composite of Presenter Media thumbnails, reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 106 |
| 5.8 | Brain receiving online content and image input. Thumbnails reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 108 |
| 6.1 | The culture umbrella by M.-F. Winters (Courtesy Mary-Frances Winters, The Winters Group, 2013). | 115 |
| 6.2 | An iceberg. | 120 |
| 6.3 | The culture iceberg. | 121 |
| 6.4 | Matryoshkas, Russian nesting dolls. Courtesy Wikipedia Commons. | 121 |
| 6.5 | Threshold concepts and liminal spaces. Presenter Media. Concept inspired by ACR Log. Academic Librarians Research Librarians Log, http://acrlog.org/ | 125 |
| 6.6 | Google homepage with whitespace. Reprinted with permission by Google Brand Permissions. | 127 |
| 6.7 | The cybersemiotic star by S. Brier. Used under Creative Commons license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/au/legalcode | 134 |
| 6.8 | 1980s computer. | 136 |
| 7.1 | Card players by Lucas Van Leyden (1520). Courtesy Wikipedia Commons. | 146 |
| 7.2 | Solitaire computer game by Virginia Reed. Used under Creative Commons license, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ | 148 |
| 7.3 | Adam and Eve story, https://openclipart.org/detail/272177/adam-and-eve-colour. Used under the Openclipart Sharing License 1.0, https://openclipart.org/share | 149 |
| 7.4 | Electronic game pieces. Used under Creative Commons license, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ | 152 |
| 7.5 | Game screen circa 1975 before GUIs and similar to Control Data’s PLATO game screen. Used under Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ | 154 |
| 7.6 | Five personality traits, created by Anna Tunikova for peats.de and Wikipedia. Used under Creative Commons license 4.0. https://peats.de/article/big-five-die-personlichkeit-in-funf-dimensionen | 159 |
| 7.7 | Game storyboard. | 162 |
| 7.8 | Video game storyboard. | 162 |
| 7.9 | Wizard game figure. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 163 |
| 7.10 | The hero’s journey. Wikipedia, public domain, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero%27s_journey#/media/File:Heroesjourney.svg | 163 |
| 7.11 | Hero character. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 164 |
| 8.1 | Academic silos. | 171 |
| 8.2 | Confused about semiotics. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 174 |
| 8.3 | Thinking of mathematics. Microsoft clip art. | 176 |
| 8.4 | Compte’s hierarchy of science studies. From http://www.vkmaheshwari.com/WP/?attachment_id=1605 | 179 |
| 8.5 | Untangling communication. | 182 |
| 8.6 | Pechakucha PowerPoint example. | 184 |
| 8.7 | Pechakucha conference. Pechakucha Organization, http://www.pechakucha.org | 184 |
| 8.8 | Peirce’s triad and students’ interpretations of triad. | 186 |
| 8.9 | Semiotics in all education. Graphic objects reprinted with permission from Presenter Media. https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 190 |
| 9.1 | Flat world. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 197 |
| 9.2 | Saussurean dyad, Peircean triad. | 198 |
| 9.3 | Signs: Saussure’s dyad, Peirce’s triad. | 202 |
| 9.4 | Disruptive technologies. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 203 |
| 9.5 | Internet of things. Reprinted with permission by Wikipedia Commons. | 205 |
| 9.6 | Cloud computing. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 206 |
| 9.7 | Virtual reality. | 206 |
| 9.8 | Massive open online courses. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 207 |
| 9.9 | AI robot. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 208 |
| 9.10 | Augmented reality. Reprinted with permission by Wikipedia, used under Creative Commons license, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality#/media/File:LandForm_displays_landmarks_and_other_indicators_during_helicopter_flight_at_Yuma_Proving_Ground.JPG | 209 |
| 9.11 | Plant rhizome. Reprinted with permission by Wikipedia, Frank Vincentz, own work, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizome#/media/File:Euphorbia_rhizophora2_ies.jpg, used under Creative Common license, https://creative commons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ | 222 |
| 9.12 | Rhizomes, circuits, and human connections. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 223 |
| 10.1 | Templates. | 236 |
| 10.2 | Big ideas, key words, and context. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 239 |
| 10.3 | Design intentions. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 240 |
| 10.4 | Systematic semiotic design model. | 244 |
| 10.5 | Semiotic design tools. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 246 |
| 10.6 | Dashboard. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 246 |
| 10.7 | Story map/grammar scenario-based design. | 251 |
| 10.8 | Scenario-based design framework. | 253 |
| 10.9 | ADDIE instructional design model. | 254 |
| 10.10 | Decision tree. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 258 |
| 10.11 | Flowchart. | 258 |
| 10.12 | Training course scope and sequence. | 260 |
| 10.13 | Handicap icon. | 263 |
| 10.14 | User, interfaces, and mediation. | 264 |
| 10.15 | Dashboard. | 265 |
| 10.16 | Infographics. | 266 |
| 10.17 | Virtual games. | 269 |
| 10.18 | Game graphics. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 271 |
| 10.19 | Greimas’s square. | 275 |
| 10.20 | Greimas’s square concept A. | 276 |
| 10.21 | Greimas’s square concept B. | 276 |
| 10.22 | Greimas’s square for higher education. | 277 |
| 10.23 | Storyboard template. | 282 |
| 10.24 | Personal webpage design template. | 284 |
| 10.25 | Graphic drawing tools. | 285 |
| 11.1 | Signs, symbols, and metaphors. Images reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 297 |
| 11.2 | Types of autopoietic systems. | 299 |
| 11.3 | Rhizome. | 301 |
| 11.4 | Metaphorical rhizome. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 302 |
| 11.5 | The contents refreshed. Reprinted with permission from Presenter Media, https://www.presentermedia.com/ | 304 |
| Tables | ||
| 8.1 | Degrees by institution, academic unit and country. | 173 |
| 9.1 | Peirce’s three universal categories. | 200 |
| 10.1 | Conceptual domain levels. | 247 |
| 10.2 | Side framework. | 250 |
| 10.3 | Needs assessment survey. | 256 |
| 10.4 | Course blueprint. | 259 |
| 10.5 | Schrock’s seven step infographic process. | 267 |
| 10.6 | Infographic resources. | 268 |
| 10.7 | Propp’s (1968) 31 steps to the mythical hero’s journey. | 281 |
| 10.8 | Web course design form. | 283 |
List of Figures and Tables
in Engaging Learners with SemioticsSearch for other papers by Ruth Gannon-Cook in
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