Maps
- 1.1The City in Spania (4th to 7th Centuries) xxii
- 1.2The City in al-Andalus (8th to 11th Centuries) xxiii
- 1.3The City in the Territories of the “Reconquista” (11th to 15th Centuries) xxiv
- 1.4The City in the Hispaniae (15th to 18th Centuries) xxv
Figures
- 1.1Council of Elvira. Provenance of the bishops and priests signing at the council 44
- 1.2Baptisteries in Hispania, according to archaeological, textual, and epigraphic evidence 45
- 1.3The topography of martyrial cults in Hispania according to Prudentius’ Peristephanon (hymns dedicated, names mentioned) and the Hispanic Passionary (versions prior to the 8th century) 48
- 1.4Toletum/Toledo. Codex Vigilanus or Albeldensis, illustrated by Vigila at the monastery of San Martín de Albelda (Monastery of El Escorial, Esc. D.I.2, folio 142r) 51
- 1.5Barcino/Barcelona. City walls, porta decumana, photogrammetry. © J. García Biosca, Pla Barcino, Ajuntament de Barcelona 52
- 1.6Valentia/Valencia. Plan of city and the episcopal complex. © After Albert V. Ribera i Lacomba and Miquel Rosselló Mesquida, “Valentia en el siglo vii, de Suinthila a Teodomiro,” in El siglo vii frente al siglo vii: Arquitectura, ed. Pedro Mateos Cruz and Luis Caballero Zoreda (Anejos de Archivo Español de Arqueología 51) (Madrid, 2009), fig. 11, siam, Ajuntament de València 55
- 1.7Valentia/Valencia. Hypothesis of city structure around 600 a.d. © 3D, Albert V. Ribera i Lacomba, siam, Ajuntament de València/Arquitectura Virtual 56
- 1.8Egara/Terrassa (Vallès Occidental, Barcelona). Episcopal complex with the churches of Santa Maria and Sant Pere and the funerary structure of Sant Miquel in the centre. © Photograph: Badia Casanova, Terrassa/Barcelona 58
- 1.9Egara/Terrassa (Vallès Occidental, Barcelona). Plan of the episcopal complex. © Gemma García i Llinares, Antonio Moro García, and Francesc Tuset Bertrán, “Necròpolis del conjunt episcopal d’Ègara,” in Arqueologia funerària al nord-est peninsular, segles vi–xii, ed. Núria Molist Capella and Gisela Ripoll
(Monografies d’Olèrdola 3.2) (Barcelona, 2012), 403–419; CARE-Hispania graphic design in Núria Molist Capella and Gisela Ripoll, eds., Arqueologia funerària al nord-est peninsular, segles vi–xii (Monografies d’Olèrdola 3.2) (Barcelona, 2012) 59 - 1.10Pollentia/Alcúdia (Mallorca). Aerial view of the forum. © Photograph: Miguel Á. Cau Ontiveros 64
- 1.11Tarraco/Tarragona. Plan of the El Francolí-Parc Central basilica complex and cemetery. © After Josep M. Macias Solé, Josep Guitart i Duran, Ignacio Fiz Fernández, et al., eds., Planimetria Arqueològica de Tarraco (Documenta 5 = Atles d’Arqueologia Urbana de Catalunya 2) (Tarragona, 2007), plate E partial 67
- 1.12Tarraco/Tarragona. El Francolí cemetery. Tombs of different types and semi-circular couches for funerary banquets. © Photograph: Gisela Ripoll 68
- 1.13Barcino/Barcelona. Distribution of burials around the city. © Aaron López Batlle, “El suburbi funerari de Barcino a l’antiguitat tardana,” in Arqueologia funerària al nord-est peninsular, segles vi–xii, ed. Núria Molist Capella and Gisela Ripoll (Monografies d’Olèrdola 3.1) (Barcelona, 2012), 431–456 69
- 1.14Distribution of the sarcophagi found in Hispania. Fourth-century Roman workshops, local workshops and imports from Aquitaine and North Africa 70
- 2.1View of Toledo. © Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe, ed., Das Königreich der Vandalen (Mainz, 2009), 146 87
- 2.2Situation of Recópolis. © Lauro Olmo Enciso, “Arquitectura religiosa y organización litúrgica en época visigoda: de Recopolis a Racupel,” in Visigodos y Omeyas, ed. Luis Caballero and Pedro Mateos (Anejos de Archivo Español de Arqueologia 23) (Madrid, 2001), 151, fig. 1 93
- 2.3Recópolis. © Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe, ed., Das Königreich der Vandalen (Mainz, 2009), 159 96
- 2.4The horreum of Recópolis. © Javier Arce, Esperando a los árabes. Los visigodos en Hispania, 507–711 (Madrid, 2011), fig. 13 97
- 2.5The horreum of the city of Mediana (Serbia). © Efthymios Rizos, “Centres of the Late Roman Military Supply Network in the Balkans: a Survey of Horrea,” Jahrbuch des römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz 60 (2013): 666, fig. 7 98
- 2.6Horrea in Gamzigrad. © Efthymios Rizos, “Centres of the Late Roman Military Supply Network in the Balkans: a Survey of Horrea,” Jahrbuch des römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz 60 (2013): 668, fig. 9 99
- 2.7Horrea in Nicopolis. © Efthymios Rizos, “Centres of the Late Roman Military Supply Network in the Balkans: a Survey of Horrea,” Jahrbuch des römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz 60 (2013): 677, fig. 19 99
- 2.8Horrea in Zaldapa. © Efthymios Rizos, “Centres of the Late Roman Military Supply Network in the Balkans: a Survey of Horrea,” Jahrbuch des römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz 60 (2013): 673, fig. 14 100
- 2.9Area of extension of Byzantium in Hispania (2nd half of the 6th century). © Margarita Vallejo Girvés, Hispania y Bizancio (Madrid, 2012), 540, map 4 101
- 3.1Reconstruction of the road network of Islamic madīna of Córdoba from “Plano de los Franceses” (1811) and continuity of the occupation of power places in the southwest corner of the city between Late Antiquity and Umayyad Caliphate. © Convenio GMU-UCO 115
- 3.2Aerial view of the structures of the “castellum” excavated in the “Patio de Mujeres” of the Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos, at the south-western corner of Córdoba. It is possible to distinguish the rows of columns, walls and doors blocked off by the Late Antique building. © Convenio GMU-UCO 117
- 3.3Aerial view of the historic complex of Córdoba with Guadalquivir, Roman bridge, Great mosque and the “alcázar” (Christian castle). Detail of the facade and architectural decoration of the “Puerta de los Visires” of the Great Mosque, built by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān i. © Convenio GMU-UCO 123
- 3.4Reconstruction of Córdoba’s urban topography in the mid-ninth century. © Convenio GMU-UCO 127
- 3.51. Location of remains of the almunia al-Ruṣāfa regarding the Islamic madīna of Córdoba. 2. Results of geomagnetic archaeological survey which has identified the remains of palatial al-Ruṣāfa sector (Eastern Atlas, 2004). 3. Comparison between plans of palaces al-Ruṣāfa and al-Zaytūna (Juan F. Murillo Redondo, “La almunia de al-Rusafa en Córdoba,” Madrider Mitteilungen 50 [2009]: 450–482, here 460, fig. 1. and 482, fig. 7). © Convenio GMU-UCO 128–130
- 3.6General plan of excavated areas belonging to the suburb of Shaqunda, detailing the structures of sector A. © Convenio GMU-UCO 133–135
- 3.7General plan of Qurṭuba and Madīnat al-Zahrāʾ in the mid-tenth century. © Convenio GMU-UCO 136
- 3.8North side of the Calahorra tower of Córdoba, with the caliphal arch. © Convenio GMU-UCO 140
- 3.9Hypothesized reconstruction of a sector of the western suburbs, of Yānib al-Garbī (Córdoba; Ronda de Poniente, Plan Parcial O-7, Plan Parcial P1). © Convenio GMU-UCO 143
- 3.10.1General plan and aerial view of the “almunia” of Fontanar. © Convenio GMU-UCO 144 3.10.2Virtual reconstruction of the original appearance of the residential caliphal complex of the “Vial norte del Plan Parcial RENFE” (Felix Arnold, “El edificio singular del Vial Norte del Plan Parcial RENFE. Estudio arquitectónico,”
Anejos de Anales de Arqueología Cordobesa 2 (2009–2010): 247–274, here 262, fig. 13) 145 3.10.3General plan of a sector of the maqbara (cemetery) of Ronda de Poniente. © Convenio GMU-UCO 150 - 4.1Toledo. Orthophotography. © Google Earth 162
- 4.21. Toledo in Late Antiquity. © Rafael Barroso Cabrera, Jesús Carrobles Santos, Jorge Morín de Pablos, et al., “El paisaje urbano de Toledo en la Antigüedad Tardía,” Antiquité Tardive 23 (2015): 329–352, here 334, fig. 3; 2. Toledo in Visigothic Times. © Rafael Barroso Cabrera, Jesús Carrobles Santos, Jorge Morín de Pablos, et al., “El paisaje urbano de Toledo en la Antigüedad Tardía,” Antiquité Tardive 23 (2015): 329–352, here 340, fig. 4 163–164
- 4.3Zocodover Place and Arco de la Sangre. Entrance to the palatium area 174
- 4.4Miniature in the Codex Vigilianus. © Jacques Fontaine, L’Art Préroman hispanique, vol. 1 (La nuit de temps 38) (St. Léger-Vauban, 1973), 346, fig. 121 176
- 4.5Church of Cristo de la Luz, former mosque of Bāb al-Mardūm. © Fernando Valdés Fernández 178
- 4.6Convento de Madre de Dios (Toledo). Top left, Arabic house. © Juan M. Rojas Rodríguez-Malo, Antonio J. Gómez Laguna, and Javier Pérez López-Triviño, et al., “El convento de madre de Dios. Evolución histórica de una manzana de Toledo a través de la arqueología,” in Actas del ii Congreso de Historia y Urbanismo Medieval, ed. Jean Passini and Ricardo A. Izquierdo Benito (Castilla-La Mancha, 2007), 281–319, here 304, fig. 15 185
- 4.7Hypothetical reconstruction of sabīl-kuttāb of Tornerías. © Fernando Valdés Fernández 188
- 4.8Arabic inscriptions from Toledo (xi Century). 1. Well-curb inscription of the Friday mosque of Toledo; 2. Well-curb inscription, probably from the sabīl-kuttāb, known as the Mosque of Las Tornerías. © Évariste Lévi-Provençal, Les inscriptions arabes d’Espagne (Leiden, Paris, 1931), plates xv and xvi 189
- 5.1Phases of the Iberian Reconquest. © Map drawn by Nick E. Verelst 202
- 5.2Muslim Ṭulayṭula in 1085. © From: Rafael del Cerro Malagón and Diego Peris Sánchez, eds., Architecturas de Toledo 1: Del Romano al Gótico (Patrimonio histórico de Castilla-La Mancha 4), 2nd ed. (Toledo, 1992), 62 209
- 5.3Map of Early Modern Toledo by El Greco (c. 1608–1614), digital reconstruction and new edition by Cesáreo Bas Vivancos and Rafael del Cerro Malagón (2014). © Ed. Cesáreo Bas Vivancos and Rafael del Cerro Malagón 2014 (courtesy of the Ayuntamiento de Toledo: http://www.toledo.es/toledo-siempre/exposiciones-virtuales/el-plano-de-toledo-del-greco-1608-1614-nueva-edicion. Consulted 24th April 2019) 211
- 5.4Toledo, El Cristo de la Luz (former Mosque of Bāb al-Mardūm). © Wikipedia under GNU-License: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristo_de_la_Luz#/media/File:Mezquita_de_Bab_al-Mardum_(Toledo).jpg 214
- 5.5Minaret of the former Almohad mosque of Sevilla (La Giralda). © Wikipedia under GNU-License: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sevilla_Cathedral_-_Giralda.jpg 215
- 5.6Arabic inscriptions from the Almohad mosque on the cathedral gate in Seville (13th century, Puerta del Perdón). © Wikipedia under GNU-License: https://archnet.org/sites/2753/media_contents/2166 216
- 5.7Panorama of Early Modern Seville (c. 1588). © Detail from: Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg, Civitates orbis terrarum, vol. 4 (Cologne 1588), table 2 220
- 5.8Panorama of Early Modern Toledo (engraved by Georg Hofnaegel c. 1566). © Detail from: Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg, Civitates orbis terrarum,vol. 5 (Cologne 1598), table 15 221
- 6.1The Gate of Santa María in Burgos built in the 14th century. © By Eltitomac – Own work, cco: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14921060 253
- 6.2The Town Walls of Ávila. © This is a photo of a historical area indexed in the Spanish heritage register of Bienes de Interés Cultural under the reference RI-53-0000275: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Avila_001.jpg 255
- 6.3The Roman Aqueduct of Segovia. © By Manuel González Olaechea y Franco – Edited version of image: AcueductoSegovia04.JPG. Original file uploaded by author, CC BY-SA 3.0: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4951568 256
- 6.4Sigillvm Concilii of Escalona. © From Museo Lázaro Galdiano, reference 4633: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/kemDF2GnT1g/UCiuz9RZlI/AAAAAAAAAZc/z7FCtZTsn4g/s1600/Sigillum+Concilii+de+Escalona.jpg 258
- 6.5The mythical origins of the city of Valladolid and the queen’s arrival of Berengaria in the city. © Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia (b.r.a.h.)/Colección Salazar y Castro: M-76, f° 65 and 66 273
- 6.6Valladolid being charged with the tutelage of the minority of Alfonso xi and the liberation of King John ii by some knights of Valladolid. © Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia (b.r.a.h.)/Colección Salazar y Castro: M-76, f° 77 to 79 276
- 7.1Georg Hoefnagel, “Toletum,” in Civitates Orbis Terrarum, Liber Primus, ed. Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg (Cologne, 1572). © https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Braun_Toledo_UBHD.jpg 310
- 7.2Georg Hoefnagel, “Toletum,” in Civitates Orbis Terrarum, Liber Quintus, ed. Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg (Cologne, 1598). © Maurizio Vesco, “Los
signos de la grandeza urbana Civitates Orbis Terrarum,” in La imagen de la ciudad en la Edad Moderna, ed. Alicia Cámara Muñoz and Consuelo Gómez López (Madrid, 2011), 169 311 - 7.3El Greco. View and Plan of Toledo. Museo de El Greco (Toledo, 1608). © https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_Greco_-_View_and_Plan_of_Toledo_-_WGA10607.jpg 312
- 8.1Lisabona magnificentissima Regia Sedes Portugalliae et florentissimum Emporium (drawn by Georg Matthaus Seutter, c. 1710–1750). © National Library of Portugal, Lisbon, E. 528 R. (free license) 325
- 8.2Lisbon, Lisboa (drawn by W.B. Clarke, c. 1844). © National Library of Portugal, Lisbon, CC-594-v (free license) 326
- 8.3Map of Seville (engraved by Matthäus Merian, c. 1638). © Wikipedia under GNU-License 334
- 8.4The city of Cádiz (drawn by Gabriel Bodenehr, Augsburg, c. 1700). © Klaus Weber. Deutsche Kaufleute im Atlantikhandel 1680–1830: Unternehmen und Familien in Hamburg, Cádiz und Bordeaux. Munich, 2004, 91/fig. 1 345