Abbreviations
| AS | Asiatische Studien |
| BSOAS | Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |
| EI1 | The Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. T. Houtsma et al., 5 vols., Leiden: Brill, 1913–34. |
| EI2 | The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition, ed. H. A. R. Gibb et al., 12 vols., Leiden: Brill, 1954-2004. |
| EI3 | The Encyclopaedia of Islam: THREE, ed. Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, and Everett Rowson, Leiden: Brill, 2007–, online publication. |
| EIr | Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. Ehsan Yarshater et al., Bibliotheca Persica Press, 1985–, online publication. |
| EQ | The Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān, ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe et al., 6 vols., Leiden: Brill, 2001–2006. |
| IOS | Israel Oriental Studies |
| JAOS | Journal of the American Oriental Society |
| JIS | Journal of Islamic Studies |
| JMIAS | Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn ʿArabi Society |
| JRAS | Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |
| JQS | Journal of Qurʾanic Studies |
| MW | The Muslim World |
| SEP | The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta et al., Metaphysics Research Lab, Philosophy Department, Stanford University, 1999–, online publication. |