Index
À quoi tient la supériorité des Anglo-Saxons (Demolins) 161
ʿAbbāsids 69
,
70
,
339
ʿAbd al-Aḥad 290
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Shāh 281
,
284
,
286
,
294
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Saʿūd 69
ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm Pāshā, Muḥammad (Prince) 29
ʿAbd al-Qādir, Shāh 281
,
283 –284 285
,
291
authority of 287 –288 292
,
293
ʿAbd al-Rāziq, ʿAlī 74 –75
ʿAbd al-Rāziq, Muṣṭafā 164
,
166
,
173
ʿAbdallāh, Sayyid 287
ʿAbdī, ʿAbbās 306
ʿAbduh, Muḥammad 37
,
61
,
159
,
160
,
173
,
176
ethical thinking of 162 –163
Riḍā’s association with 62
,
73
Abdülhamid II (Ottoman Sultan/Caliph) 58
,
61
,
63 –64
criticism on 66
Riḍā’s support for 76
Abdillah, Ummi 187
Abessinia, war with Egypt (1869) 36
Abū Bakr (1st Caliph) 303
Abū l-Dardāʾ 283
Abū l-Suʿūd, ʿAbdallāh 31
,
37
Abu-Lughod, Lila 315
Abubakar (Amin) 267
,
269
,
270
Abushouk, Ahmed Ibrahim xvii
,
xxxvii
academic institutions, ethnographies of xxvi –xxvii
academic journals, on Oriental/Islamic studies 16n28
Acholiland (Northern Uganda) 380
acknowledgement, politics of 439
actor-centred research approaches 399 –400
AFD (Alternative für Deutschland) party 462 –463 464
Affective Societies 413
al-Afghānī, Jamāl ad-Dīn 36 –37 60
,
62
,
64
Afghanistan 24, 271, 312, 333
Afghanistan, Mujahideen in 337
Aflaq, Michel 364
Africa, Muslim minorities in xx
Âge de Sable (Karashan) 361
The Age of Sport Awareness (Necmeddin Bilal Erdoğan) 348 –349
agency, discursive 267
,
269
on Kenyan Muslim radio 273 –274
research on 277
Ägypten
Armee 35 –36
Ausbildungsreformen 39 –40
Eliten 27
,
28
,
44 –45
Geschichte 27
Moderne, in der 27
,
29
,
44
,
45
,
46
und mondialisation/globalisation 27
Öffentlichkeit in der 38
im Osmanischen Reich 32
,
35 –36 40
,
45 –46
politische Freiheit in 37 –38
Sprachen in 28 –29
Traditionsliteratur in 28n2
Universitäten 31
Wirtschaft 33
,
43
,
45 –46
Zivilisation 29 Egypt
ägyptisch-abessinischer Krieg (1869) 36
Ägyptisches Museum (Kairo) 31
AHDR (Arab Human Development Reports), on women’s rights and modern families 314 –316 319 –320
ahl al-ḥall wa-l-ʿaqd 71
,
72 –73
ahl al-kitāb (people of the book) 359
Aḥmad, Mirzā Ghulām 286
Aḥmad ibn Hanbal 71
Aḥmad of Rae Bareli, Sayyid 287
Aḥmadiyya movement 286
al-Aḥmaq al-basīṭ (Der einfältige Narr oder einfach der Simplicius, Theaterstück, Mālṭī) 29
Ahmed, Shahab xix
,
327
,
333 –334 345 –346
akhlāq 157, 158, 161, 163, 164, 167, 168, 171, 172, 174, 175
ʿAlawīs, in Syria 371
Aleppo 361
Alevis
in Germany 435
in Turkey 369
ʿAlī (Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law), graphic expressions of 257 –258
Allāh, graphic expressions of 248 –249 254
Ally, Mawlana 189
Alter, Joseph 334
American Anthropological Association xviii
Amīn, Aḥmad 165
Amin, Idi 380
,
383
,
385
Amīn, Qāsim 317
Amīn, Uthmān 166
ʿAnaza tribal confederation 99 –104
Andrič, Ivo 361
ʿAnhūrī, Salīm 36
animality 451
,
452
animals
and bestiality 451
distinction from humans 448
human relationships with 446
outlaw status of 446 –447
refugees reduced to status of 447
anthropologists, discursive agency of 275
anthropology
of Germans and their dogs 444n7
of Islam 193
,
276
of traditional wrestling 329
,
334 ethnography
anti-colonialism
in India 290
of Riḍā 55
,
57
anti-Muslim violence, in Uganda 376
,
382 –385
anti-Muslim/anti-Islam polemics, in Islamic studies, in Russia 9
apartheid 184
apostasy, in Islam 204n17
,
367
Appadurai, Arjun 336 –337
ʿāqila 86n3
Arab Easy 237
Arab nationalism
and religion 364
Riḍā’s attitude towards 55
,
56
,
68
Arab revolts (2010–2012) xx
,
397 –398
elites in and after 400
,
401 –402 403 –404 406
,
407
mobilised publics in 402
,
406 –408
regime changes/political transformations resulting from 397 –398 403 –408 411 –412 414
,
421
research on 398 –400 401
,
413
social media in 223
,
233 –236 Egypt, revolts in (2011/2012)
Arab World
Christianity in 365
colonisation of 58
,
104n27
elites in 400 –401
and Arab revolts 401 –402 403 –404 406
,
407
gender relations in 310
religious minorities in 364 –365
social contract in 415
Arabia, origins of Islam in 8 –9
Arabic Chrestomathy (Girgas) 14
Arabic language
classical, formality of 148 –149
modern literature in, Russian study of 13
,
20 –22
study of, in Russia 6
,
14
,
17 –18
translations from
into Russian 9
into Ukrainian 19
into Urdu 289
translations into 160 –161 169 –170
vernacular 148 –149
Arabic script xviii
,
247
,
248
,
252
and Latin script encounters 254 –255
legibility of 248 –249
ligatures in 248
,
249 –252
lines in 252
,
254
,
256 –257
and materiality 246
prolongation in 252 –256
Arabic-Russian Dictionary for the Arabic Chrestomathy and the Qurʾan (Girgas) 14
Arabs, and Turks, re-unification of 68
Arḍ al-nifāq, (al-Sebaï) 147
Ardalān, Nīlūfar (Lady Goal) 307 –308
Aristippus 170
Aristotle 448
,
450
study in Egypt of 169 –170
Arkoun, Mohammed 154
Armbrust, Walter 223
,
224
,
239
Armenian genocide (1915) 363
Armenians
left-wing politics of 372
in Ottoman Empire, photography of 113 –127
armies, Egyptian 34 –36
al-ʿArūsī, Muṣṭafā 39 –40
Asad, Talal 183
,
193
ʿAshūrāʾ practices 333
Asseburg, Muriel xx
,
xxxvii
assertiveness, of Muslims in Uganda 386
Assmann, Aleida 261
asylum seekers 443n5 refugees
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 69
,
74
,
458n17
Riḍā’s criticism of 69 –70
Attaya, Mikhail 19
audiocassettes, impact of introduction of 223 –224
Ausbildungsreformen, in Ägypten 39 –40
Ausländerbehörde, in Berlin 442 –443
authoritarianism
challenged from below 412
in Egypt 405
,
411
,
415
,
421
authority
recognition by 428
religious
claims of 285 –286 293
in Shīʿa Islam 304
autonomy 87
individual 428n2
internal, of minorities 358 –359
in Ottoman Empire
of Egypt 36
,
40
,
46
of village communities 91
,
95 –97 98
of secondary elites 401
Ayalon, David 338
aʿyān 90 –91
Ayni, Mehmed Ali 137
al-Azhar university (Cairo) 160
printing house of 230
scholars of 39 –40 75
Badawī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 171 –172
Badawī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad 171
Badran, Margot 310
Baer, Gabriel 87
,
88
al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr 217
al-Bahī, Muḥammad 228n14
Baker, Samuel White 32
,
36
Balkans, state formation in, and minorities 360
Balkans-to-Bengal complex (Ahmed) 333 –334 345 –346
Bani Sadr, Abolhasan 301
al-Bannā, Ḥasan 76 –77 226n9
,
318
baraka (divine blessing) 249n5
,
262
baraza 268
Bareilly (India) 288
Barthes, Roland 246
Bartol’d, Vasilii 16
,
19
,
24
Batunskii, Mark 16
bayʿa (oath of allegiance) 71
Bayart, Jean-François 413
Bayat, Asef xx
,
416
The Beast and the Sovereign (Derrida) 446 –447
Becker, Carl Heinrich xii
Bedouins, representatives of, in Ottoman Empire 102 –103
Beersheba 104n27
Beirut, Arabic - Latin script encounters in 254 –255
Berlin, refugees in 441
,
442 –443
Berlin Congress (1878) 60
Bernstein, Leonard xxxii
bestiality, animality and 451
BGSMCS (Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies, Freie Universität Berlin) xv –xvi xxxiii –xxxiv xxxv
Bīk, Amīn Wāṣif 165
Bin ʿAlī, Zaīn al-ʿĀbidīn 404
Birdwood, George 58
Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen 58 –59 60
Boguslvaskii, Dmitrii 7n7
Boldyrev, Aleksei 17 –18
books
Islamic, publishing of 225
,
228
,
287 –292
paperbacks 225
,
231
,
232
bookstores, Islamic, in Cairo 226
Bourdieu, Pierre xxvii
,
415n5
Bowen, John R. 193
Bozarslan, Hamit xix
,
xxxvii
Brant, Sebastian 456 –459 465
Brecht, Bertolt 461n20
The Bridge on the Drina (Andrič) 361
Brugsch, Heinrich Ferdinand Karl 31
,
43
Būlāq press (Egypt) 230
Büssow, Johann xvii
,
xxxvii
,
91
Butler, Judith 390
Buznipar, Ş Tufan 59
buzrug culture, Moosagie’s criticism of 183
,
187
,
201
,
209 –210
Cairo 27 –28
book publishing and selling in 224 –231
culture in 32
,
38
,
42 –43
Europeans in 32
,
41 –42
Ezbekīya quarter in 28 –30 33
informal settlements in 415 –416
modernity in 46
political freedom in 37 –38
urban development in 30
,
32 –33 39
Cairo University 165
CairoBookStop (website) 229n19
caliphate 56
Moosagie on 191
,
216 –218
al-Rāziq on 75
revival attempts 77
Riḍā on 57
,
70 –74 76 Ottoman caliphate
caliphs 58
Riḍā on 65 –66 71 –74
calligraphy xviii
,
247 –248
Islamic 246 –247
graphic design 247 –256
and/on material objects 256 –258 259 –260
readability of 246 –247 258 –262
canon notion 182
Catherine the Great (Tsarina of Russia) 4
Caucasus, Arabic texts related to 9
Çemberlitaş University (Istanbul) 134
Censoring an Iranian Love Story (Mandanipour) 307
censorship
in Egypt xviii
,
227
,
229
,
231 –232
social media 237
,
238
and print/electronic culture 239
in Russia 18
in United States 232
Central Asia, origins of Turks/Turkish nation in 340
Cevdet, Ahmed 102
,
103
Chaadaev, Pyotr 18
Charmoy, François-Bernard 10
China, status of dogs in 450n13
chivalry, military tradition of (furūsiyya) 327 –328 339
cholera epidemics, in Egypt 33
Chomsky, Noam 273
chrestomathies, Russian 14
,
17
Christianity
in Arab world 365
conversion to, by Muslims 367
muscular 330 –331
in Ottoman Empire 100
and rationality 459
in Russia, missionary activities by 6 –7
turning away from 453
cities, imperial, inter-communitarian coexistence in 361
citizenship
minoritisation caused by 361 –362
in Ottoman Empire 32
,
360 –361
civil society, in Egypt, restrictions on 411
civil wars, in Uganda 380
civilisations
Egyptian 29
history of xii
and Islam 160
modern 162
civilising project, of Islam in Europe 434
civility, intercommunitarian 361
classical Arabic, formality of 148 –149
clothing
female, Iranian men wearing 301
as means of communication 126 dress styles
codes, digital, in Arabic 256 –257
coins, Arabic inscriptions on 252 –254
Colet, Louise 44n38
collective identities, Muslim, and religion 150
collective mobilisation, in Muslim societies 155 –156
collective mourning 389
,
390
colonialism
in Arab World 58
,
104n27
in Egypt 46
commemoration see remembrance/commemoration
communication
clothing as a means of 126
face-to-face 92 –93
communities
302
religious 435
village, in Ottoman Empire 94 –99
Companions of the Prophet (sahaba), perfection of 209n29
comportement moral 147 –156
computer programming, in Arabic 254 –257
The Concept of the Political (Schmitt) 459
confessional identities see religious identities
confessional wars, in Middle East 357
confinement
of insane 452
,
460
of refugees 456
,
460
,
461 –462
conflicts
after Arab revolts, in Libya and Yemen 406
in Muslim communities
in Germany 435
in Kenya 265
,
276
in Uganda 385
,
386
,
391
in post-colonial Uganda 380 –381
sectarian, in Middle East 357 –358 wars
Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence (Montesquieu) 161
Constantin, François 386
conversion
of Muslims, to Christianity 367
narrative of Moosagie 184 –185 202 –205
to Salafism 199
Cook, Michael 274n14
corporations 87
Ottoman 88 –90
corporatism 87
in Middle East 86 –87
Ottoman 83
,
85
,
87 –94 104 –105
tribal groups 99 –104
village communities 94 –99
counter-public (Gegenöffentlichkeit) 302
courts of law, dog appearances in 447n11
cultural alienation, of youth 185
cultural studies 342
cultures xvi
,
xxx –xxxi
in Cairo 32
,
38
,
42 –43
electronic 224
,
239
,
240
Ottoman, in Egypt 28
physical 335
print 223 –224 239
,
240
curricula, of Islamic studies in Russia 11 –12
cursive scripts 248
cycling, in Cairo 236 –237
Cynics 450
,
451
,
452
Czada, Roland 87
Dabashi, Hamid 306 –307
The Daily Voice (newspaper, South Africa) 181
Damiens, Robert-François 455
Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī (publishing house, Cairo) 225n6
Darülfünun (university) 135 –136 137
,
138 –139
dead persons, photographs of 115
,
118
Demange, Jean-François 10
democracy
early 399n4
in Iran, and women’s rights 302
,
306
Muslim acceptance of 186 –187
Demolins, Edmond 161 –162
Dennerlein, Bettina xix
,
xxxvii
Deobandism 198 –199
Moosagie’s criticism of 205
,
212
Walī Allāh’s place in 291 –292
deportations, and nation-state formation 363
Der Matossian family 123
,
124
Derrida, Jacques 445
,
446 –447 458
,
459
dervish staffs 257 –258
desacralisation 453
dhimma regime 358
dialogues
interfaith xxix
respectful, in Swahili 270
diasporas, formation of 371 –372
dictionaries, Arabic-Russian 14
digital codes, Arabic 256 –257
Diogenes 450
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (Foucault) 455 –456
discursive agency 267
,
269
through ethnography 275
on Kenyan Muslim radio 273 –274
research on 277
discursive analysis 182 –183
discursive spaces 268
,
269
,
273 –274
discursive traditions xv
,
183
,
193
Dockrat, Mawlana Ashraf 190
,
191
dogs
being compared with
Cynics 450
,
452
degradation of 445
refugees 443 –445 450
,
451
court appearances of 447n11
domestication of 445n9
human relationships with 444n7
,
445
,
447 –448
philosophical 449 –450
Doha International Conference on the Family (UN, 2004) 313 –314
Drāz, Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh 166
,
168
,
174
,
176
dress styles, Armenian-Ottoman 120 –126
Duff-Gordon, Lucy 38
École d’Égyptologie (Cairo) 31
economy, Egyptian 33
,
43
,
45 –46
Edirne (Turkey), oil wrestling festival in 328 –329 340
,
342 –343 349 –350
education
in Egypt 160 –161 164 –165 175 –176
in France 162
,
164 –165
Muslim religious 149
in India 183
,
185 –186 200 –201
and recognition policies 434
Muslim thought on/conceptions of 163 –164
al-nahḍa’s focus on 161
as power building strategy of religious minorities 370 –371
reform of
in Egypt 39 –40
in Ottoman Empire 132 –136 137 –140
effendiyya (middle class, Egypt) 231
,
332
egalitarian character, of radio discussion programmes 274
Egypt
army of 35 –36
authoritarian rule in 405
,
411
,
415
,
421
British rule/occupation of 60
censorship in xviii
,
227
,
229
,
231 –232
social media 237
,
238
economy in 33
,
43
,
45 –46
education in
higher 160 –161 164 –165 175 –176
reforms of 39 –40
electronic culture in 224
elites of 407n9
European influences on 27
,
28
,
44 –45
ethics/ethical thinking in 157
,
161
,
162 –176
history of 27
,
29
informal networks in 415 –420 421
Islamic personal status law in 311 –312
language use in 28 –29
literature 28n2
modernity in 27
,
29
,
44
,
45
,
46
nationalism in 59 –60
Ottoman rule of 32
,
35 –36 40
,
45 –46
political freedom in 37 –38 411
politics in 411
,
419
print culture in 223 –224
public sphere in 38
reform movement in 167
religious minorities in 269
,
372
revolts (2011/2012) in 233
,
417
mobilised publics in 407
,
412 –413
popular committees in and after 412
,
413
,
417 –419
and regime change 397 –398 403 –404 405
,
406
,
411 –412 421
social media use in xviii
,
223
,
233 –238
taxation in 91
universities in 31
,
165
women’s rights in xix
,
312 –313
Egypt-Abessinia war (1869) 36
Egyptian Museum (Cairo) 31
electronic culture
and censorship 239
in Egypt 224
and globalisation 240
Elimika na Stambuli! (‘Get educated with Stambuli!’, radio programme) 266 –267 269 –270
and discursive agency 273 –274
terrorism, discussions of 270 –276
elite bargains 405n8
‘Elite Change and New Social Mobilization in the Arab World’ (research project, SWP, Germany) 398 –400
in Arab World 400 –401
and Arab revolts (2010–2012) 401 –402 403 –404 406
,
407
Egyptian 407n9
focus on Europe/France of 27
,
28
,
44 –45
language use of 29
formation of, through education 371
Iranian 306
modern, gentling of manners of 151
Muslim religious, and popular Islam 149
Ottoman 90 intellectuals
emancipation, of Jews 432
Empire libéral 30
,
37
empires 360
Egyptian ambitions for 35
,
36
,
40
empowerment, after Arab revolts 420 –421
Emrullah Efendi 138
Enayat, Hamid 56 –57
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE (EI3) xv
Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron 19
engineering schools, in Ottoman Empire 132 –133
Enlightenment, failure of 455
Ennahḍah party (Tunisia) 405
enseignement religieux, Musulman 149
Erdmann, Franz (Fedor) 5
Erdoğan, Necmeddin Bilal 348 –349
eschatology, in ISIS propaganda 192
,
215
esotericism, in Islam off-shoot religions 368
ethics 267
,
276
in Egypt/Egyptian thought on 157
,
161
,
162 –176
Islamic xvii –xviii 161
in classical era 157 –158
modern 158 –159 173 –175
European influences on 159 –160 161 –162
ethnic groups 357
ethnography
of academic institutions xxvi –xxvii
discursive agency through 275
of Kenyan Muslim radio discussions on terrorism 275 –276 anthropology
Etnospor Kültür Festivali I and III (Istanbul) 347 –349 350
eulogies, Arabic 250 –252
Eurocentrism, in Islamic studies xiii
Europe
closing of 459
,
462
Egyptian ties with 34 –36
influences of
on Egyptian elites 27
,
28
,
44 –45
on Islamic ethics 159 –160 161 –162 175
on Ottoman dress styles and furnishings 121 –123
on Ottoman higher education 133
,
136
Islam/Muslims in 434
acceptance of xx –xxi
recognition of xx
,
427 –428 429
,
432 –435 436 –437
visibility of 427
Islamic studies in 22
Jews in, recognition/emancipation of 432
,
435 –436
public sphere in 36
renaissance in 169 West
Europeans
in Cairo/Egypt 32
,
41 –42 43
Middle Eastern studies by 83
,
84 –85
in and on Ottoman Empire 81
,
126 –127
women, Iranian images of 303
exclusion
of minorities 360
of refugees 447
,
448 –449
exile 370
,
371 –372
existentialism, Arab world 171 –172
expatriate communities, Iranian 302
extended families, photographs of 115
Ezbekīya Square/neighbourhood (Azbakiyya, Cairo) 28 –30 33
,
43
,
46
Ezzat, Heba Raouf see ʿIzzat, Hiba Raʿūf
face-to-face communication 92 –93 95
Facebook 224n4
Egyptian revolts postings on 233 –235 236
Go Bike site on 236 –237
Iranian Men in Hijabs campaign on 301
,
305
shutdown of Egyptian political pages by 237 –238
Fadʿān (Fedʿān) tribal group (Syria) 101 –102
Fāḍila, Jamīla 34
Fahmī, Manṣūr 165
,
167
,
171
families
in early modern societies 92
Islam on protection of 314
,
319
and women 316 –321
Islamic law on 311 –312
modern normative, Arab Human Development Reports on 315 –316
photography of
as historical source 112 –113
Ottoman 113 –127
family, politicisation of, by Islamism 312
famines, in Egypt 33
Farooq, Samaya 331 –332
Faroqhi, Suraiya 338n14
Fāṭemeh is Fāṭemeh, (lecture, Sharīʿatī) 302 –303
Fāṭima (daughter of the Prophet) 303
fears
of Muslims 458 –459
of refugees 446
,
454
feminism, Islamic 308
festivals, oil wrestling at 328
fezzes, in Ottoman dress 121
fief-holders, Ottoman 96
,
98
Filali-Ansary, Abdou xvii
,
xxxvii
fiqh, Iranian reform movement’s views on 306
Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht xvi
,
15
Flüchtlingsgespräche (Refugee Dialogues, Brecht) 461n20
‘The Forgotten Muslims’ (documentary, Uganda) 376
,
377
,
378n2
,
387
Fossati, Gaspare 134
Foucault, Michel 451
,
452 –456 460 –461 465
Frähn, Christian-Martin 5
France
education in 162
,
164 –165
influences of
on Egyptian elites 27
on Egyptian ethical thinking 160 –161 164 –165 170 –171
on Islamic ethics 159 –160 161 –162
on Ottoman education 133 –134
Tunisia ruled 60
Franz, Julius 29
Französische Sprache, in Ägypten 29
freedom
absolute 452
,
453
political, in Egypt 37 –38 411
reason dominating over 455
of speech 464 –465
of thought 453
Freie Universität Berlin, Islamic Studies at xiv –xvi xxxii
,
xxxiii –xxxiv
Freitag, Ulrike xxxii
French language
in Egypt 29
translations of texts in, into Arabic 160 –161
Frolov, Dmitrii 7n7
Fromentin, Eugène 42
Fukuyama, Francis 399n4
funerals, photographs of 115n10
furūsiyya tradition (military chivalry) 327 –328 339
The Future of Islam (Blunt) 59n4
Fuyūḍ al-ḥaramayn (Walī Allāh) 293 –294
Gadamer, Hans-Georg 304
,
439
Galarza, Comte de 165
Gauck, Joachim 434
Gauland, Alexander 464
Gautier, Théophile 41 –42
Gegenöffentlichkeit 302
gender, Islamic opposition to use of term 313
gender relations
in Arab World/MENA region 310 –311
in Iran xix
,
301 –305 307 –308
General Labour Union (Union générale tunisienne du travail) 407
gentling of manners 151
,
155
Germany
incitement prohibition in 443 –444
Islam/Muslims in xiii
,
427
,
435
religious education in 434
Islamic studies in xii –xvi 22
,
23
Ottoman philosophy education influenced by 135
refugees in 441 –442 461
Gérôme, Jean-Léon 43
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid 289
al-Ghazālī, Muḥammad 227
,
311
,
318
Ghonim, Wael 234
,
235
Ghubayn (Shaykh) 102n25
Github (online platform) 249
Gladstone, William E. 59
Global Mufti (Gräf and Skovgaard-Peterson eds.) xxxiii
globalisation 27
,
240
Go Bike ... Go Life (biking group, Cairo) 236 –237
goat hair, textiles made from 123
Gökalp, Ziya 137
,
364
Gökmen, Mehmed Fatin 137
Goldziher, Ignaz 15
Gottwald, Joseph (Iosif) 6
government administration, Ottoman 99
,
102 –104
graphic expressions
of Allāh and Muḥammad 248 –249 251
,
254
of intellectual structure of texts 250
of shahāda 253
,
254
Great Britain
Egypt ruled by 60
India ruled by 288
,
289
Ottoman caliphate opposed by 58 –59
Greek philosophy, Egyptian ethical thought influenced by 169 –170 174
,
175
Grunebaum, Gustav von xviii
guilds, in Ottoman Empire 81
,
82
,
87
Guirguis, Laure 369
Guizot, François 162
Gülizar case 123
Haarmann, Ulrich xxxii
Habermas, Jürgen 302
Haddad, Mahmoud 56
,
57
Ḥadīqat al-akhbār (‘The garden of news’, newspaper, Lebanon) 13
ḥadīth, study of, in South Asia 280
Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) 249
hagiographies, of religious scholars 286
Hakkı, İzmirli Ismail 137
Ḥalabī, Muṣṭafā 226
Ḥalīm (Prince, Egypt) 33 –34
al-Ḥāmūlī, ʿAbduh 38
Hamzah, Dyala 57
Ḥamzanameh 345 –346
Ḥanafī school of law 40
Hanioğlu, Şükrü 340
Haraway, Donna 446n10
Harders, Cilja xx
,
xxxviii
,
413
,
414
Hartmann, Elke xvii
,
xxxviii
Ḥasan, Maḥmūd 281
,
290 –291 292
Ḥasana tribal group (Syria) 101
hate, prohibition on incitement to 443 –444 463 –464
hate speech, on social media, removal of 462 –463
al-Ḥayy, ʿAbd 287
Ḥazrama (village) 96
Hebrew University (Jerusalem), Islamic studies at xxxiii
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 428
,
432
Henri V (Comte de Chambord) 44
heritage sports 328
,
335
,
342
in Turkey 328
,
347 –349
heroes 346
Herrera, Linda 238
Hetze 464
hidden transcripts, of religious minority groups 370
Higgins, Godfrey 289
higher education
in Egypt 160 –161 164 –165 175 –176
Ottoman 133 –136 137
,
138 –140
Ḥijāz 69
,
73
Hijra notion (migration) 199n5
al-Hilāl (journal) 168
Hirschmann, Peter 445n8
Histoire générale de la civilisation en Europe (Guizot) 162
‘The Historical Novel in Contemporary Arabic Literature’ (article, Krachkovskii) 21
historiography
of Middle East 85
Ottoman 83 –84
history
of civilisations xii
of Egypt 27
of Muslim world, breaking points in 336
of philosophy xvii
religion in 16
sources of, family portraits 112 –113
of Uganda, post-colonial 380 –381
History of Madness (Foucault) 452
History Museum of Armenia (Yerevan) 119
Hodgson, Marshall 151 –152 154
,
155
Ḥosayniyyeh Ershād (Qom) 303
households, Ottoman, size of 118 –119
‘How do we ensure global cooperation regarding ethics?’ (article, al-Sayyid) 168
Hügel, Carl Alexander von 41
Hughes, T.P. 287 –288
Ḥujjat Allāh al-bāligha (Walī Allāh) 281
,
288 –289 292 –293
human bodies, disciplining of (Foucault) 456
human rights
Islam on 311
neoliberalism associated with 313
protection of family values as part of 314
violations, in Egypt 411 women’s rights
humanities 3
humans
and animals/animality 448
,
451
status of refugees as 448 –449
Hunger, in Ägypten 33
Huot, Claire 450 –451 452
Ḥusayn, Ṭāhā 165
,
169
Huxley, Aldous 448
Hyder, Mohamed 272 –273
Ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, Ḥamza 345 –346
Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 153 –154
Ibn Miskawayh 164
iconisation/iconic mode of representation 93
,
103
idealism, modified 172
identities
Muslim collective, and religion 150
national
and print culture 223
Turkish 340 –341 364
recognition of 430
religious
of Muslim minority groups in Middle East 368 –369
of states 362
,
369
identity politics 368 –369 439
Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn (al-Ghazālī) 289
IIAS (International Institute for Asian Studies) xxvii
ijtihād (renewed interpretation of the sources of Islamic law)
ʿIzzat’s views on 311
,
318 –319
Walī Allāh’s views on 281
Il’minskii, Nikolai 7
imagination
modes of 84
role of, in reading Islamic calligraphy 261
imāms, training of, in Germany 434
imperial ambitions, of Egypt 35
,
36
,
40
imperial rule
of Egypt 60
Ottoman 35 –36 40
,
45 –46
of minorities 358 –360 361
of Tunisia 60
Imperial School of Naval Engineering (Muhendishane-i Bahr-i Hümayun) 132 –133
imperialism
British/French 60
Derrida on hypocrisy of 459
incitement to hate prohibition 443 –444 463 –464
India
anti-colonialism in 290
book publishing in 287 –292
Mutiny in (1857) 288
,
289
ʿulamāʾ in 190
Indian community in South Africa 183
,
186
Indigénat égyptien (al-raʿāwīya al-jinsīya al-maḥallīya) 31
indirect rule, Ottoman 100
individualism 152
,
170
individuals, autonomy of 428n2
inequalities in power distribution, and recognition policies 430 –431
informal institutions 416n5
informal networks
in Egypt 415 –420 421
mobilisation in 412
,
418
informalisation
in Arab World 415
in Egypt 416 –417
injustice, experienced by refugees 455
insanity 451
,
452 –454
confinement of 452
,
460
Foucault on 460 –461
Western associations of Muslims with 458 –459
Institute for Islamic Studies (Freie Universität Berlin) xxxii
intellectual structure of texts, graphic expressions of 250
intellectuals
Arab, formal classical Arab spoken by 148 –149
Egyptian 166 –167
Iranian 306 –307
Muslim, in Uganda 386 –387
interfaith dialogues xxix
Internet, penetration in Iran of 302
An Introduction to Islamic Law (Schacht) 87
Iran
elites/intellectuals in 306 –307
gender relations/women’s rights in xix
,
301 –305 307 –308
martial arts in 337
Men in Hijabs social media campaign in 301
,
305
,
307
reform movement in 302
,
305 –306
religious minorities in 359 –360 365
,
366
traditional wrestling in 333
Iraq, confessional identity of 369
irrationality, of Muslims 458 –459
ISIM (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World) xxvii –xxviii xxxi
ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria)
jihād notion of 204n18
Moosagie’s support for 181 –182 183
,
185
,
191 –192 193
,
194 –199 214 –220
Iṣlāḥī, Amīn Aḥsan 294
Islam 327
,
334
anthropology of 193
,
276
apostasy prohibition in 204n17
,
367
in Arab nationalism 364
Arabian origins of 8 –9
in Europe, civilising project of 434
in Germany xiii
,
427
,
435
on human rights 311
in Kenya xviii –xix
‘logos’ of 249
and modernity 152 –153 154 –155 159
,
193 –194
muscular 327
,
330
,
331 –336 339
,
340
,
350
off-shoot religions of 367 –369
and political authority 191
,
202
popular versus intellectual 149
on protection of family values 314
,
319
and women 316 –321
rationality of 281
,
305
and religious pluralism/tolerance 366
,
377 –378
religious practices in public sphere of 436 –437
in Russian Empire 4
and secularisation 364
in South Africa 182
,
184 –185 186 –192
and support for ISIS 181 –182 183 –185 190 –192 193
,
194 –220
in Turkey 330
,
343
on unbelievers/heresy 188 –190 203 –204
and violence 271 –272
and women’s rights 302
,
313 –314 316 –321 reform movement
Islam and the Foundations of Government (al-Rāziq) 75
‘Islam and Pluralism’ (essay, Krämer) 377 –378
Islamic books, publishing of 225
,
228
,
287 –292
Islamic calligraphy 246 –247
graphic design 247 –256
and/on material objects 256 –258 259 –260
readability of 246 –247 258 –262
Islamic ethics xvii –xviii 161
in classical era 157 –158
modern 158 –159 173 –175
European influences on 159 –160 161 –162
Islamic feminism 308
Islamic law
legal personality concept in 86
women and family in 311 –312
Islamic martial arts 327
,
333
,
336 –338 350
Islamic philosophy 159
,
163
,
173
Islamic state, political philosophy of 56
Islamic studies xi –xii xvi –xvii xxi
,
xxviii –xxx xxvi –xxviii xxx –xxxv
in Europe 22
in Germany xii –xvi 22
,
23
in Russia 3 –4 22 –24
at Kazan University 4 –9 10 –11
at Moscow 17 –20
at St. Petersburg University 6
,
10 –17 23
in Ukraine 21
Islamic texts, ligatures in 249 –252
Islamism 372
after Arab revolts 403
,
404
Hiba Raʾūf ʿIzzat’s criticism of 235
,
320
politicisation of family by 312
IslamOnline website/platform 311
,
319
Islamophobia 427
Ismāʿīl Pasha (Khedive of Egypt) 31 –32 33 –36 37
,
38
,
40
,
46
,
160
Ismāʿīl, Shāh 281
Ismāʿīlīya (Cairo neighbourhood) 30
,
46
Istanbul
Hagia Sophia in 249
heritage sports in 328
,
347 –349 350
Military Museum in 338
Ottoman photography in 111
universities in 134 –135
Istanbul University 135
Istituzioni di diritto musulmano (Santillana) 86
ItsMensTurn hashtag (Iran) 307
IUIS (International Union of Islamic Scholars), opposition to women’s rights activism by 314
Ivanov, Mikhail 9n14
Izālat al-khafāʾ ʿan khilāfat al-khulafāʾ (Walī Allāh) 289
ʿIzzat, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz 168
ʿIzzat, Hiba Raʾūf xix
,
235 –236 310
on women’s rights and family values 311
,
316
,
318 –321
İzzet, Mehmed 139
Jacob, Wilson Chacko 332
Jacoby, Günther 135
jamāʿa/ cemaʿat concept 89 –90
Jamʿīyat al-Maʿārif (Gesellschaft der Schönen Künste, Kairo) 37
Jankowski, James 231
jeweller’s guild (Ottoman) 81
,
82
Jews
in Egypt 372
in Europe, recognition/emancipation of 432
,
435 –436
jihād notion 183
of ISIS 204n18
of Moosagie 183
,
185 –186 190 –191 201
,
204 –205 213 –214
semiotic analysis of 191
,
194
in South Africa xvii
,
181
,
191
,
193
Johansen, Baber xvi
,
86 –87
Jones, Anton 442
,
457
,
463
Journal Officiel (Gautier) 41
journalism, of Riḍā 57
Judaism, muscular 331
,
336
‘Juden und Hunde Verboten’ signs in Nuremberg 445n8
justice
in Shīʿa Islam 304 –305
social, Walī Allāh’s views on 281 injustice
Kaboulian, Boghos 116
Kadivar, Mohsen 306
Kairo 27 –28
Europäer in 32
,
41 –42
Ezbekīya-Viertel in 28 –30 33
Kultur in 32
,
38
,
42 –43
Moderne in 46
Orientreisender in 32
,
41 –42
politische Freiheit in 37 –38
Stadtentwicklung in 30
,
32 –33 39 Cairo
al-Kanākir (Syria) 94 –95
Kananov, Georgii 18
Kant, Immanuel 165
,
360
Kara, Recep 329
Karahasan, Dževad 361
Karam, Yūsuf 166
,
167
Karolia, Mawlana Muhammad 186 –187 188
Kasabashian, Arshalous and Yervant 117
kashīda (lengthened), use in Arabic graphic design of 252 –256
Kawakami, Akane 246
al-Kawākibī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān 66
Kawtharānī, Wajīh 57
,
69
Kazan University, Islamic studies at 4 –9 10 –11
Kazantzakis, Nikos 360
Kazem-Bek, Aleksandr 5 –6 23
Kemalists 70
,
73
,
74
Kenya, Islam/Muslims in xviii –xix
marginality of 265 –266 267
radio stations/programs of 266 –267 268 –276
Kerr, Malcom 56
,
148
,
149
,
150
Khālid, Khālid Muḥammad 227
,
229
Khalidov, Anas 21n35
Kharijites 203n16
Khar’kov University 5n4
al-Khaṭīb, Muḥibb al-Dīn 229n16
al-Khatib, Mutaz xvii
,
xxxviii
Khawatir 11 (television programme) 237
Khiabany, Gholam 238
al-Khiyāl al-siyāsī li-l-Islāmiyyīn: Mā qabla l-dawla wa-mā baʿdahā (The political vision of Islamists: Before and after the state, Hiba Raʾūf ʿIzzat) 235
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, on womanhood 303
Kiev University, Islamic studies at 21
Kırkpınar festival (Edirne) 340
,
341
,
346 –347
Islamic elements of 343 –344
opening ritual of 344
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage status of 341 –342
Kiyimba, Abasi 382
,
383
,
385n8
,
386
,
387
knowledge
Foucault on 465
production and transmission of 371
traditions of 266
Knysh, Alexander xvi –xvii xxxviii
Kokoschka, Alina xviii
,
xxxviii, 327n1
Kolonialismus, in Ägypten 46
Krachkovskii, Ignatii 8n9
,
13
,
17
,
21 –22
Krämer, Gudrun xi
,
372
on autonomy 87
on corporations 89
Islamic/Middle Eastern studies reshaping by xii –xiii xv –xvi xxvi –xxviii xxx –xxxv 84 –85
on notables as intermediaries 90 –91
on Ottoman reforms 136 –137
on religious pluralism 377
research projects/approaches of xiv
,
xv
,
xxi
,
83
,
398n1
Krawietz, Birgit xix
,
xxxviii
Kresse, Kai xviii –xix xxxviii
Kriege, Ägypten-Abessiniien (1869) 36
Krymskii, Agafangel 19 –21
Küçek Hanum 44n38
kufaar (unbelievers), Islam on 203 –204
Kultur, in Kairo 32
,
38
,
42 –43
Kurkjian family 122
Kushti wrestling 333
Laqueur, Hans-Peter 329
,
341
,
344
Lady Goal (Nīlūfar Ardalān) 307 –308
Lalande, André 165
,
166
Lambek, Michael 267
,
276
land ownership, in Ottoman Empire 98
languages
and politics xviii
use of, in Egypt 28 –29
Latin script
dominance of 254
encounters with Arabic script 254 –255
ligatures in 249
law
courts of, dog appearances in 447n11
Egyptian, personal status 311 –312
monstrosity of 447
Ottoman, penal 97
and stupidity 448
tyranny of 459 Islamic law
Lawlor, Leonard 452
,
453 –454 456
Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages (Moscow) 18 –20
Le Bon, Gustave 162
Le Thomas, Catherine 371
Lebanon
confessional identity of 369
Shīʿa Islam in 371
Leca, Jean 360 –361 372
Leder, Stefan 345
left-wing politics
book publishing by, in Egypt 230 –231
involvement of religious minorities in 372
legal personality concept 86
legends 345
,
346
legibility
of Arabic script 248 –249
of Islamic calligraphy 246 –247 258 –262
Lepenies, Wolf 3
letters, arbitrariness of, in Islamic calligraphy 261
Levitsky, Steven 416n5
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien 171
liberal secular matrix 436
Libya, revolts in (2012–2012)
mobilised publics in 407
and regime change 397 –398 403
,
404
,
406
ligatures
in Arabic script 248
,
249 –252
in Latin script 249
lijān shaʿbiyya (popular committees, Egypt) 412
,
413
,
417 –420
Linant Pasha, Louis Maurice 39
linearity, abandonment in Islamic calligraphy of 258
lines
in Arabic script 252
,
254
,
256 –257
in Islamic calligraphy 247
,
248
,
254 ‘art of the line’
Linthicum, Nancy 229n19
literature
Egyptian 28n2
modern Arabic, Russian study of 13
,
20 –22
Russian, Oriental influences on 17
local space 414
logical positivism 172 –173
logistical power, of states 84
‘logos’ of Islam 249
loyalty, of minorities to dominant groups 369 –370
Lule, Yusuf 382
Maccabiah Games 331
al-Madani, Fakhruddin Owaisi 183
,
189
,
190
,
191
Madbūlī, Ḥājj Muḥammad 231
,
232
madness see insanity
madrasas
in India, Moosagie’s criticism of 183
,
185 –186 200 –201
in Ottoman Empire 132
,
137
Madrasat al-Alsun (School of Languages, Egypt) 160
al-Mahdī, Muḥammad al-ʿAbbāsī 39
,
40
Mahdist revolution (Sudan) 60
Maḥmūd, ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm 170
Maḥmūd, Zakī Najīb 172 –173
Mahmud II (Ottoman Sultan) 133
Mahnjoh, Priscillia 442n3
majorities
dichotomy with minorities, reproduction of 431
formation of 363
Muslim, portrayal of tolerant Islam by 366
Makerere University (Kampala) 382
al-Maktaba al-Ahliyya (publishing house/bookstore, Cairo) 226
Maktabat Madbouli (publishing house/bookstore, Cairo) 231
Maktabat Wahba (publishing house/bookstore, Cairo) 224 –230 233
Malche, Albert 135
male solidarity, for Iranian women’s rights activism xix
,
301
,
304 –305 307
Mālik b. Anas 281
Mālikī school of law 281
Malov, Efim 8
Mālṭī, Ḥabīb Ablā 29
Mamlūk studies 338 –339
Manāhij al-albāb (Rāfiʿ al-Ṭahṭāwī) 28
al-Manār (journal) xvii
,
62 –63 161
,
226n9
on Ottoman caliphate 63 –64 68
on Ottoman Consultative Society 67
on pan-Islamism 64
Manasse, Séraphin 34
Mandanipour, Shahriar 307
Mann, Michael 84
al-Marʾa al-muslima (The Muslim woman, article, al-Bannā) 318
al-Marʾa al-muslima fi l-mujtamaʿ al-muslim (The Muslim woman in Muslim society, Muslim Brotherhood) 320
al-Marʾa wa-l-ʿamal al-siyāsī (Woman and political action, Hiba Raʾūf ʿIzzat) 311
,
318
al-Marʾa wa-l-rajul wa-hal yatasāwayān? (Woman and man: Are they equal?, article, Shumayyil) 317 –318
Mardin, Şerif 360
Marilhat, Prosper 41
Markell, Patchen 428
,
430
,
431 –432 433
,
437
,
439
Marks, Laura U. 247n2
martial arts, Islamic 327
,
333
,
336 –338 350
Mashanov, Mikhail 8 –9
massacres
of Armenians, in Ottoman Empire 127
of Muslims in Uganda 376
,
382 –385
commemoration of 388 –389 390
and nation-state formation 363
on Rabaa El Adaweya Square (Cairo) 235
,
237
Massignon, Louis 165
,
166
,
170
Maṭbaʿat Ḥalabī (publishing house, Cairo) 226
material objects, Islamic calligraphy on/and 256 –258 259 –260
materiality, and Arabic script 246
Mathnawi (Rumi) 210
al-Māwardī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. Ḥabīb 65 –66 71
,
73
Mawloodis 199
Maẓhar, Ismāʿīl 170
Mazhar Paşa, Mustafa 102n25
Mazrui, Sheikh al-Amin bin Ali 265
Mbembe, Achille xxi
McGill University, Islamic studies at xviii –xxix
McLarney, Ellen Anne 318
,
319
The Meaning and End of Religion (Smith) xxix
meanings, of Qurʾān, and people’s needs 283
Mecca, as seat of Ottoman Caliphate 58
media coverage, of Muslim protests in Uganda 377
media representations, study of xviii
media space 378n2
media studies, and Islamic studies xxxiv
Mediterranean Politics (journal), special issue on Arab revolts 398 –399
Mednikov, Nikolai 15
Meier, Astrid xvii
,
xxxviii
,
94
,
97
mektebs, Ottoman 134
,
136
memory
photography as a means of 112
,
115
,
118 remembrance/commemoration
Men in Hijabs campaign (Iran) xix
,
301
,
305
,
307
MENA region (Middle East and North Africa), gender relations debates in 310 –311
Merkel, Angela xiii
,
441
,
461
,
462
,
464
metaphysics 173
Middle East
confessional wars in 357
conversion of Muslims to Christianity in 367
corporatism in 86 –87
European studies of 83
,
84 –85
historiography of 85
minorities in xix
internal autonomy of 358 –359
religious 358
,
363 –372
politics in 105
sectarian conflicts in 357 –358
state and society in 85 MENA region
migration, of Kenyan Muslims 271
milieux urbains, et milieux tribals 153 –154
military chivalry tradition (furūsiyya) 327 –328 339
military slaves 338 –339
Min hunā nabdaʾu (From here we start, Khālid) 227
Min hunā naʿlamu (From here we learn, al-Ghazālī) 227
Minié Bey, Claude-Etienne 35
minorities 360
denial of subjectivities of 365 –366
in Middle East xix
,
357
,
363 –372
imperial rule over 358 –360 361
Muslim, in Uganda xx
,
378
in Ottoman Empire 359 –361 362
political representation of 362 –363
and social Darwinism 363
recognition of 428
,
431 –432
in Turkey 364
,
366
,
369 religious minorities
minoritisation, and citizenship/nation-state formation 360
,
361 –362 363
missionary activities, of Russian Orthodox Church, among Muslims 6 –7
Mitchell, Timothy 84
,
99
mobilisation
collective 155 –156
in informal networks 412
,
418
mobilised publics 400
,
402 –403
in Arab revolts 402
,
406 –408
Modern Islamic Political Thought (Enayat) 56
different modes of 154
in Ottoman Empire 132 –133 136 –137
of education 133 –136 137 –140
modernity 151 –152
Egyptian 27
,
29
,
44
,
45
,
46
and Islam 152 –153 154 –155 159
,
193 –194
religion in xxix –xxx
Modernity at Large (Appadurai) 336 –337
modified idealism 172
moeurs, adoucissement des 151
Mohammed see Muḥammad
Moi, Daniel arap 266n2
Mombasa, Muslim radio in 266
mondialisation, of Egypt 27
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de 161
Moosa, Ebrahim 183
,
185 –186 188
Moosagie, Mawlana Rashied 181
,
182 –183
childhood of 199 –200
conversion narrative of 184 –185 202 –205
criticism by
of buzrug culture 183
,
187
,
201
,
209 –210
of Islam in South Africa 186 –187 188 –190 192
of Ṣūfism 187
,
199
,
205 –212
ISIS supporter 188
,
191 –192 193
,
194 –199 214 –220
jihād notion of 183
,
185 –186 190 –191 201
,
204 –205 213 –214
narrative identity of 184 –185
religious education in India 183
,
185 –186 200 –202
moral conduct, religion and 147 –156
moral philosophy xvii
La Morale du Koran (Drāz) 174
La Morale et la science des moeurs (Lévy-Bruhl) 171
Moreton, Cole 444n7
Moscow, Islamic studies at 17 –20
Mosul 361
Moṭahharī, Ayatollah Morteżā 302
,
303
Mott, Thaddeus Phelps 35
mourning, collective 389
,
390
Moustafa, Ahmed 252
Mubārak, ʿAlī 31
,
39
,
40
Mubarak, Husni 412
Muḥammad (Prophet) 8
,
339
graphic expressions of 248 –249 251
Western perceptions of 457 –458 459n18
Muḥammad, Sulṭān Bīk 165
Muḥammad III al-Ṣiddīq (Bey of Tunisia) 60
Muḥammad Aḥmad b. ʿAbdallāh (mahdī) 60
Muḥammad ʿAlī Pāshā (Khedive of Egypt) 38
,
40
,
159
,
160
Muḥammad Isḥāq, Shāh 284
,
287
Muḥammad Ismāʿīl, Shāh 287
Muḥammad Tawfīq (Khedive of Egypt) 59 –60
Muhanna (Shaykh of the Ḥasana) 101
Mujahideen, in Afghanistan 337
münevver (enlightened scholars) 134
Muqaddima (Ibn Khaldūn) 153
Murji’as 203 –205
Murkos, Georgii 19
Murphy, Tim (2003) 182
Mursī, Muḥammad 407
,
419
Musa Bey 123
Mūsā, Muḥammad Yūsuf 166
,
173 –174
muscular Christianity 330 –331
muscular Islam 327
,
330
,
331 –336 339
,
340
,
350
muscular Judaism 331
,
336
Museveni, Yoweri 380
,
382
music, Islamic views of 294
Muslim Brothers (Egypt) 226n9
,
228 –229
crackdown of xx
,
230
founding of 76
ʿIzzat’s support for 320 –321
publishing by 229n16
Muslim world
breaking points in 336
modernity in 152 –153
sciences in, European influences on 159
Muslims
appeals for closure of Europe to 459
conversion to Christianity by 367
in Europe
acceptance of xx –xxi
recognition of 427 –428 429
,
432 –435 436 –437
visibility of 427
in Germany xiii
,
435
in Kenya
266 –267 268 –276
marginality of 265 –266 267
religious education of 149
in India 183
,
185 –186 200 –201
and recognition policies 434
in Russian Empire 4
,
6 –7
stereotyping of 454
in Uganda xx
,
376
,
385
political representation of 385 –386
political rights of 378
politics of recognition by 382 –383 386 –387 390 –391
protests by 376 –377 384
,
387 –388
remembrance/commemoration practices of 379 –380 384 –385 388 –389 390
,
391
governmental repression of 381
,
384
,
390
Sheema district massacre of (1979) 376
,
382 –385
Western werewolf images of 458 –459
Muʿtazilī school of law 160
,
203n16
Mutiny (1857, India) 288
,
289
mutual response, idea of 446n7
mutuality, Swahili markers of 268
Muwaṭṭaʾ (Mālik ibn Anas) 281
al-Muwayliḥī, Ibrāhīm 37
Muzio, Emanuele 42
mysticism, of Walī Allāh 293 –294
Naadam Festival (Mongolia) 342
al-Nābulusī, ʿAbd al-Ghanī 96
Nadim Centre (Egypt) 411
al-nahḍa (Arab renaissance) 13
,
158
education focus of 161
in Egypt 165
,
167
on women’s rights 316 –317
Naḥwa ʿumrān jadīd (Towards a new civilisation, Hiba Raʾūf ʿIzzat) 321
Naim, Babanzade Ahmed 137
,
138
Najarian, Rebecca 116
Najd region 100
,
102
Nanotvi, Muhammad Qasim 212n36
Napoleon 448
Daβ Narrenschyff ad Narragoniam (Brant) 456 –459 465
Foucault on 460
Nasser, Gamal Abdel 415
Nasser, Ramsey 254 –257
national identities
and print culture 223
Turkish 340 –341 364
nationalism
Arab, Riḍā’s attitude towards 55
,
56
in Egypt 59 –60
in Muslim world 155
and minorities 360
,
363 –364
in Ottoman Empire 364
nations
formation of, minoritisation and 360
,
361 –362 363
psychology of 162
Navaro-Yashin, Yael 329
,
341
Navrotskii, Mikhail 17
Negev 104n27
neoliberalism, human rights associated with 313
Nerval, Gérard de 41
networks 415 –416n5
informal
in Egypt 415 –420 421
mobilisation in 412
,
418
intellectual 166
neutrality of states, perceptions of 431
,
432
Nicholas I (Tsar) 10n18
Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle), translation into Arabic 169 –170
Nidāʾ Tūnis 404
al-niẓām al-jadīd (new order, Egypt) 27
Nöldeke, Theodor 8
norms, and reality, in Muslim societies/Islam 148
,
149
North Africa see MENA region (Middle East and North Africa)
NRM government (National Resistance Movement, Uganda)
Muslim politicians in 385 –386
silence/national reconciliation policies imposed by 377
,
379
,
381
,
383
,
384
Nūbār Pāshā, Bōgōṣ 44
Nūr party (Egypt) 405
Nuremberg 445n8
Nuzhat al-Afkār (journal, Egypt) 37
obedience to secular authorities, requirement of 191
,
202
Obote, Milton 383
,
385
Öffentlichkeit
ägyptische 38
europäische 36
cultural elements of 341 –343 344 –347
Islamic elements of 334 –335 343 –344
nationalistic elements of 341
Omar, A. Rashied 183
,
185
,
189
‘On Difference and Understanding: The Use and Abuse of the Study of Islam’ (essay, Krämer) xviii
One Million Signatures for Women’s Rights campaign (Iran) 304
opera theatre, in Cairo 42 –43
Orient
orientalisation of, in Egypt 43 –44
Western nostalgia for 41
,
43
Orientalism
Islamic calligraphy seen as meaningless in 262
negative connotations of 3
Orientalism (Said) 3
Orientreisender nach Kairo 32
Orthodox Christianity, missionary activities among Muslims by 6 –7
osmanische Kultur, in Ägypten 28
Osmanisches Reich
Ägypten als Teil vom 35 –36 40
,
45 –46
Staatsbürgerschaft im 32
Ostroumov, Nikolai 8
others, just relations to 439
Ottoman caliphate 55
,
56
,
58
,
61
,
76
abolition of 74 –75
British opposition to 58 –59
al-Kawākibī on 66 –67
religion and state in 64 –65 69
Riḍā on 63 –64 66
,
68
,
69 –71 72
,
76
Ottoman Consultative Society (Jamʿiyyat al-Shūrā al-ʿUthmāniyya) 67 –68
Ottoman culture, in Egypt 28
Ottoman Empire xvii
citizenship in 32
,
360 –361
corporatism in 83
,
85
,
87 –94 104 –105
tribal groups 99 –104
village communities 94 –99
Egypt ruled by 32
,
35 –36 40
,
45 –46
guilds in 81
,
82
,
87
historiography of 83 –84
household size in 118 –119
minorities in 359 –361 362
political representation of 362 –363
and social Darwinism 363
modernisation in 132 –133 136 –137
of education 133 –136 137 –140
nationalism in 364
photography in 111 –112
family portraits 113 –127
reforms in see modernisation; tanẓīmāt-reforms
religion and state in 58 Ottoman Caliphate
religious groups in 100
,
105
state-society relations in xvii
,
83
,
90 –94
Syria ruled by 99
,
102 –104
taxation in 96 –97 98
textile production in 123 –124
Özervarlı, M. Sait xvii
,
xxxix
Pakistan, traditional wrestling in 334
pan-Islamism
Ottoman 61
,
64
of Riḍā 56
,
61
,
64
paperbacks see pocketbooks
pariahs 450 –451
Paris
Egyptian elites’ focus on 27
as model for Cairo’s urban development 30
world exhibition in (1867), Egyptian contribution 30
,
31
parrhesia 451
,
453
,
465
Pasha, Ahmed Vefik 138 –139
passports 461n20
pastoralism, in Syria 100 –101
Patel, Mawlana Yusuf 186
,
187
patronage 91n11
peaceful coexistence 361
penal law, Ottoman 97
perpetrators, of Sheema district massacre 383 –384
Persian language
influences in Turkey of 344 –345
Qurʾān translations into xviii
,
280
,
282 –283
personal status law, Egypt in 311 –312
Peter the Great (Tsar of Russia) 4
petitioning 91
Petrov, Pavel 18
Petrov, Petăr 329
education
in Egypt 160
in France 164 –165
in Ottoman Empire 135
,
137
,
138 –140
Greek, influences on Egyptian ethical thought of 169 –170 174
,
175
history of xvii
Islamic 159
,
163
,
173
political, of Islamic state 56
photography
European, of Ottoman Empire 127
family portraits, as historical source 112 –113
Ottoman 111 –112
family portraits 113 –127
physical culture 335
Plato 449
pluralism, religious
and Islam 366
,
377 –378
regulation of 439
in Uganda 377
pocketbooks
and censorship 232
publishing of 225
,
231
political freedom, in Egypt 37 –38 411
political Islam see Islamism
political philosophy, of Islamic state 56
political power, of elites 400 –401
political representation of minorities
Muslims in Europe 435
Muslims in Uganda 385 –386
in Ottoman Empire 362 –363
political resources 399n3
in/after Arab revolts 404
,
405
political rights, of Muslims in Uganda 378
political transformations
from Arab revolts 399
,
401
,
404 –408 411 –413 414
,
417 –419
research on 400
,
402
politicisation
of family 312
,
319
of women’s rights 312
politics 415
in Egypt 411
,
419
of identity 368 –369 439
Islamic 191
and languages xviii
left-wing 230 –231 372
Middle Eastern 105
Ottoman, community-based 97 –98
participation in 415
after Egyptian revolts 412 –413 417 –420 421
of women 319
,
320
primacy of 85
of recognition, of Muslims in Uganda 382 –383 386 –387 390 –391
of remembrance/commemoration 378
of Muslims in Uganda 379 –380 384 –385 388 –389 390
of Ugandan government 384
,
390
Ugandan 377
Politics (Aristotle) 448
polygamy/polygyny, Islam on 302
,
314
popular committees, after revolts in Egypt 412
,
413
,
417 –420 421
portrait photography, Ottoman 111 –112
positivism
logical 172 –173
of Russian Islamic studies 16
post-mortem photographs, Ottoman 115
,
118
Postnikov, Piotr 7n7
poverty, in Ottoman Empire 127
power
exclusion of minorities from 360
inequalities in, and recognition policies 430 –431
political, of elites 400 –401
relations, at local level 414
resources of 371
strategies for building of, by minorities 369 –372
pratique religieuse, et comportement moral 147 –156
prayer, as collective mourning 389
PRE (politically relevant elite) 400 –401
in/after Arab revolts (2010–2012) 401 –402 403 –404 406
,
407
and mobilised publics 402
,
407
Preserved Tablet 286n11
print culture
and censorship 239
in Egypt 223 –224
and nation state formation 240
private-public binary 320
progress, European thought on 162
propaganda of ISIS 197
eschatology in 192
,
215
prophets/prophecies, al-Afghānī on 37
protests
of Muslims in Uganda 376 –377 384
,
387 –388 Arab revolts (2010–2012)
psychology, of nations 162
public sphere
Egyptian 38
European 36
Islamic religious practices in 150 –151 436 –437
and private sphere 320
publishing industry
in Cairo/Egypt 224 –231
in India 287 –292
in United States 232
puritanical movements, Islamic 281
,
287
al-Qābīl, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy 174
Qādirī, Muḥammad Ayyūb 288n16
al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf 224n3
,
225
,
228n15
,
229
,
311
,
318
opposition to women’s rights activism by 313 –314
Qāsim, Maḥmūd 171
Qurʾān
commentaries on 284
ethics in 174
,
175
interpretations of
by Iranian women 304
by Walī Allāh 282 –283
translations of xviii
,
284 –285 293
in Persian xviii
,
280
,
282 –283
in Russian 7 –8
in Urdu 281 –282 283 –284 287 –288 290 –291 292
verses, baraka of 262
Quṭb, Sayyid 228
Rabaa El Adaweya Square (Cairo), massacre on (2013) 235
,
237
racism
in exclusion of refugees 448
,
449
verdicts, and stupidity accusations 445
radicalism, of minorities, and crises of states 369
Radio Islam (South Africa) 183
,
186 –188 189
,
190
Radio Rahma (Islamic radio, Kenya) xviii –xix 266 –267 268 –270
and discursive agency 273 –274
terrorism discussions on 270 –273
Rafīʾ al-Dīn, Shāh 281
,
283
,
284
,
285
Rambo III (film) 337
Rasool, Ebrahim 187
rationality
and Christianity 459
Foucault on 461
freedom dominated by 455
of Islam 281
,
305 irrationality
readability
of Arabic script 248 –249
of Islamic calligraphy 246 –247 258 –262
reading, and seeing 262
recognition
criticism of theory of 430 –431 437 –439
of Jews in Europe 435 –436
of minorities 428
,
431 –432
of Muslims in Europe xx
,
427 –428 429
,
432 –435 436 –437
conditionality of 434 –435 436 –437
and security issues 427
of Muslims in Uganda 382 –383 386 –387 390 –391
of refugees 461n20
The Refinement of Morals (Tahdhīb al-akhlāq, Ibn Miskawayh) 164
reform movement 157
,
176
in Egypt 167
in Iran 302
,
305 –306
on women and family 316 –317 318 al-nahḍa
refugee boats, as ‘ships of fools’ 461
‘The Refugee and the Dog’ (article, Der Tagesspiegel) 442
,
443
refugees
446
,
454
acceptance of 450
animality of 452
compared to dogs 443 –445
confinement of 456
,
460
,
461 –462
Europe closing its borders to 462
exclusion of 447
,
448 –449
in Germany 441 –443 461
pariah status of 451
speech of 454 –455
regime change, after Arab revolts (2010–2012) 397 –398 403 –408 411 –412 421
reification, of minorities 365 –366
religion
and commemoration of violence 378
discursivity of 193
history of mankind shaped by 16
in modernity xxix –xxx
and moral conduct 147 –156
and nationalism, in Ottoman Empire 364
return to/external marks of 147
,
150
and state
Ataturk on 69
al-Kawākibī on 67
in Ottoman Empire/caliphate 58
,
64 –65 69
and recognition policies 436
Riḍā on 65 –66 69 –70
religious acts 182
religious communities 435
religious education/learning, Muslim 149
in India 183
,
185 –186 200 –201
and recognition policies 434
transmission of 286
religious groups 357
in Ottoman Empire 100
,
105
religious identities
of Muslim minority groups in Middle East 368 –369
of states 362
,
369
religious minorities
in Egypt 369
,
372
in Europe, recognition of 428 –429
in Middle East 358
,
363 –366 369 –370
internal autonomy of 358 –359
Muslim 367 –369
power building strategies of 369 –372
in Turkey 364
,
366
,
369
religious pluralism
and Islam 366
,
377 –378
regulation of 439
in Uganda 377
religious practices
Islamic, in public sphere 150 –151 436 –437
and moral conduct 147 –156
and spirituality 150
remembrance/commemoration
curative effects of 379
by Muslims in Uganda 379 –380 384 –385 388 –389 390
,
391
governmental repression of 381
,
384
,
390
photographs as 112
,
115
,
118
political dimension of 378
rituals of xx
,
389
renaissance 169
Arab, see al-nahḍa
Republic (Plato) 449
repudiation, Islam on 314
resistance of religious minorities 370
to images of tolerance by dominant groups 366
Muslim minorities 368 –369
revelations, Walī Allāh’s claims of 285 –286
revolts
in Egypt (2011/2012) 233
social media use in 233 –238 Arab revolts (2010–2012)
‘Revolutionising ethics: Is the good also the successful?’ (article, al-Zayyāt) 167 –168
revolutions 411 –412n2
Mahdist (Sudan) 60
ʿUrābī (Egypt) 59
,
60
Rhetoric (Aristotle) 450
Ricoeur, Paul 184
Riḍā, Muḥammad Rashīd xvii
,
55
,
57 –58 61 –62 226
and Arab nationalism 55
,
56
,
68
ethical thinking by 163 –164
journalism of 57
,
62 –63
pan-Islamism of 56
,
61
,
64
reformist project of 55 –57 63 –66 67 –70
on caliphate 57
,
70 –73 76
implementation of 74
al-Kawākibī’s criticism of 66 –67
loss of appeal of 75
support for 76 –77
al-Risāla (journal) 167 –168
of opening of Kırkpınar festival 344
of remembrance/commemoration xx
,
389
Rorty, Richard xviii
Roy, Olivier 185
Rozen, Viktor 9n16
,
15 –17
Rukāna 339
,
345
Rumi, Jalal al-Din 210
Russia/Russian Empire
Islamic studies in 3 –4 22 –24
at Kazan University 4 –9 10 –11
at Moscow 17 –20
at St. Petersburg University 6
,
10 –17 23
Muslims in 4
,
6 –7
Russian language, translations into
of Arabic texts 9
of Qurʾān 7 –8
Ryzova, Lucie 231
Sablukov, Gordii 7 –8
Sacy, Silvestre de 10
,
17
,
22
Sadr, Musa 371
sahr, see magic
Said, Edward 3
,
22
Said, Khaled 234
saints, Sufi veneration of 208
Sakne (Egyptian singer) 38
Salafism 176
conversion to 199
criticism on 188
,
320
and Deobandism 198
dissociation from unbelievers in 204n17
Walī Allāh’s influence on 293
Salamé, Ghassan 367
Ṣāliḥ, ʿAlī ʿAbdullāh 404
Ṣāneʿī, Ayatollah Yūsuf 304 –305
Sängerinnen, ägyptischen 38
Santillana, David 86
Ṣanūʿ, Yaʿqūb 37 –38
Sarajevo 361
Saussure, Ferdinand de 182
al-Sayyid, Aḥmad Luṭfī 164
,
165
,
168
,
169 –170 173
Schacht, Joseph 86
Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David 23
Schmitt, Carl 459
Schneider, Nadja-Christina xxxiv
scholars, religious 188
,
193
of al-Azhar 39 –40 75
hagiographies of 286
Ottoman 134
South Asian 190
,
280
,
281
‘School of Propagation and Guidance’ project (Riḍā) 68
Schulz, Dorothea xix
,
xx
,
xxxix
Schulze, Reinhard xvi –xvii xxxix
sciences
in Muslim world, European influences on 159
teaching of, in Ottoman Empire 138
scripts
Arabic 247
,
248
,
252
legibility of 248 –249
ligatures in 248
,
249 –252
lines in 252
,
254
,
256 –257
and materiality 246
prolongation in 252 –256
encounters between Arabic and Latin 254 –255
Latin
dominance of 254
ligatures in 249
al-Sebaï, Youssef 147
secondary elites 401
sectarian conflicts, in Middle East 357 –358
A Secular Age (Taylor) 150
secular authorities
and recognition policies 436 –437 438
requirement of obedience to 191
,
202
secularisation 150
,
453
and Islam 364
ʿIzzat’s opposition to 319
in Muslim societies, absence of 150 –151
security
functions performed by popular committees 418
and recognition of Muslims in Europe 427
Seehofer, Horst xiii
seeing, and reading 262
Seeing Like a State (Scott) 89
segmentation 85
self-censorship, on Egyptian social media 237
self-government 90
self-organisation, of Muslims in Uganda 386
self-portrayals
126
in photography 112
of religious minorities, in Iran and Turkey 366
self-transformation, as part of civilisation 162
Selim III (Ottoman Sultan) 133
Selimiye mosque (Edirne) 340
semiotics 182
of jihād notion 191
,
194
Senkovskii, Osip 10
,
17
Seraj, Mufti 189 –190
shahāda, graphic expressions of 253
,
254
Shahinian, Hagop 118
sharīʿa, obligations of, Walī Allāh on 294
Sharīʿatī, ʿAlī 302 –303
Sharīf Ḥusayn 68 –69
al-Sharqāwī, Ḥasan 175
al-Sharqāwī, Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh 175
shaykhs
in European colonial rule 104n27
Ottoman 102
,
103
,
104
Sheema (Uganda)
massacre against Muslims in (1979) 376
,
382 –385
commemoration of 388 –389 390
Muslim protests at 376
,
384
,
387 –388
Shīʿa Islam
authority in 304
justice principle in 304 –305
in Lebanon 371
martial arts in 333
Shihābī 101 –102
The Ship of Fools (Brant) 456 –459 465
Foucault on 460
refugee boats as 461
shtadlanut (intercession, mediation) 435 –436
Shumayyil, Shiblī 317 –318
Ṣiddīqī, Muḥammad Aḥsan 288 –290
sihr, see magic
silence 379
on Sheema district massacre of Muslims 383
,
388
,
390
Ugandan government policies of 377
,
379
,
381
,
383
,
384
similarities, focus on 342
Sindhī, ʿUbayd Allāh 291 –292
singers, Egyptian 38
sinners, Islamic thought on 203n16
Sirat Amir Ḥamza (Ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib) 345
al-Sīsī, ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ 411
,
419
,
421
slaves, military 338 –339
Snare (Mahnjoh) 442n3
social change
in Egypt xviii
and technology 230n22
social contract
in Arab World 415
of informality 416 –417
social Darwinism, in Ottoman Empire 363
social interaction, Swahili 268
social justice, Walī Allāh’s views on 281
social media
in Egyptian revolts xviii
,
223
,
233 –238
in Iran, Men in Hijabs campaign on 301
,
305
,
307
removal of hate speech on 462 –463
surveillance of 238
in women’s rights activism 308
social organisation 85
Social Science Research Council (SSRC, United States) xxx
social stratification 88
societies xvi
knowledge traditions in 266
Muslim
collective mobilisation in 155 –156
norms and reality in 148
,
149
religion in 150 –151
and states 83
,
415
in early modernity 92
in Egypt 416
microdynamics of 413 –414
in Middle East 85
in Ottoman Empire xvii
,
83
,
90 –94
sociology, ethics as part of 170 –171
Socrates 449 –450
solidarity
intellectual expression of 443n4
of men with Iranian women’s rights activism 304 –305 307
Soroush, ʿAbdolkarim 305 –306
South Africa
apartheid in 184
Indian community in 183
,
186
Islam in 182
,
184 –185 186 –192 181 –182 183 –185 190 –192 193
,
194 –220
jihād notion in xvii
,
181
,
191
,
193
South Asia, religious scholars in 190
,
280
,
281
Southeast Asia, martial arts in 336
sovereignty
monstrous/wolf images of 446 –447 459
of states, in assigning recognition 431 –432
spaces 378n2
,
414
discursive 268
,
269
,
273 –274
Islamic branding of 249
local 414
media 378n2
of mourning 389
Speaking for Islam (Krämer and Schmidtke eds.) xxxiii
speech
freedom of 464 –465
hate, removal on social media of 462 –463
of the mad 454
of refugees 454 –455
speech acts, religion as 182
Der Spiegel (journal) 462
spirituality
and religious practices 150
Sprachenerlass (Ägypten, 1870) 28
St. Petersburg University, Islamic studies at 6
,
10 –17 23
Staatsbürgerschaft, des Osmanischen Reiches 32
Stadtentwicklung, in Kairo 30
,
32 –33 39
Stambuli (Abdilahi Nasser) 266 –267 269
,
270 –272 274 –275 276
‘state analysis from below’ 412
,
413 –415
State Museum of Ethnography (Sardarabad, Armenia) 119
state-society relations 83
,
415
in early modernity 92
in Egypt 416
microdynamics of 413 –414
in Middle East 85
in Ottoman Empire xvii
,
83
,
90 –94
states 83 –84
control of, and recognition policies 434
crises of, and minority radicalism 369
democratic, Muslim acceptance of 186 –187
formation of, and minoritisation 360
,
361 –362 363
Islamic, political philosophy of 56
and religion
Ataturk on 69
al-Kawākibī on 67
in Ottoman Empire/caliphate 58
,
64 –65 69
Riḍā on 65 –66 69 –70
religious identities of 362
secularity of, and recognition policies 436 –437 438
sovereignty of, in assigning recognition 431 –432
stereotypes, of Muslim males 454
Stokhof, Wim xxvii
Storch, Beatrix von 462 –463
stupidity 464n23
accusation in racism verdict of 445
and law 448
subaltern status, of religious minority groups 370
Ṣubḥī, Aḥmad Maḥmūd 174
Sudan, Mahdist revolution in 60
Suez Canal, opening of 27
,
34
,
38
,
40 –41 43
Ṣūfī orders 285n9
Ṣūfism
Koralia on 188
study of, in Russia 20
Surname-i Vehbi 81
,
82
surveillance
needs for 456
omni-presence of 240
of social media 238
survival, tribal versus urban modes of 153 –154
Swahili Islamic radio (Mombasa) see Radio Rahma
Swahili language
mutuality markers in 268
respectful dialogue in 270
Syria
100 –103
ʿAlawīs in 371
confessional identity of 369
Ottoman rule of 99
,
102 –104
village communities in 94 –99
Tablighi movement, Moosagie’s criticism of 205
,
220
tacit contracts, between minorities and states 358
,
359
Der Tagesspiegel (newspaper) 443
Taḥrīr al-marʾa (The liberation of woman, Qāsim Amīn) 317
al-Ṭahṭāwī, Rifāʿa Rāfiʿ 28
,
159 –160 161
talismans 250
Tamarod/Tamarrud movement (Egypt) 407
,
419
tanāsukh beliefs (metempsychosis) 367 –368
al-Ṭanṭāwī, Muḥammad ʿAyād 19n33
tanẓīmāt-reforms (Ottoman Empire) 36
,
133
,
362
taqlīd (imitation/emulation) principle 304
Tavakkolī, Majīd xix
,
301
al-Ṭawīl, Tawfīq 167
,
170 –171 172
,
175
Tawżīḥ al-masāʾel (Khomeini) 303
tax farmers, Ottoman 96
,
98
taxation 91
in Egypt 91
Ottoman system of 96 –97 98
Taylor, Charles 147
,
150
Tayob, Abdulkader xvii
,
xxxix
technicalisation 151
,
152
technology, and social change 230n22
Ter Minassian, Taline 372
terrorism discussions on Kenyan Muslim radio 270 –273
ethnography of 275 –276
tertiary elites 401
testimonies, of survivors of Sheema district massacre 382
textile production, Ottoman 123 –124
Thānawī, Ashraf ʿAlī 291
theatre, Egyptian 29
therapies for dealing with trauma, effectiveness of 379
,
391
tolerance, of Islam, Muslim majority image of 366
Tolstoy, Leo 19
tourism, in Cairo 41 –42
‘Towards the Rise of Women in the Arab World’ (essay, Hiba Raʾūf ʿIzzat) 310
traditions
discursive xv
,
183
,
193
of knowledge 266
of military chivalry 327 –328 339
neo/modified 328
Traditionsliteratur, Ägyptische 28n2
Transactions of the Oriental Division of the Imperial Russian Archeological Society (journal, Russia) 16
transcendence 454n15
public references to, in Muslim world 150 –151
transformations
political
from Arab revolts 399
,
401
,
404 –408 411 –413 414
,
417 –419
research on 400
,
402
of self 162
translations
of Arabic texts
in Russian 9
in Ukrainian 19
in Urdu 289
of French texts, into Arabic 160 –161
of Greek texts, into Arabic 169 –170
of Qurʾān xviii
,
284 –285 293
in Persian xviii
,
280
,
282 –283
in Russian 7 –8
in Urdu 281 –282 283 –284 287 –288 290 –291 292
transmission
of knowledge 371
of religious learning 286
transmutation Occidentale 151
dans cultures Musulmans 152 –153
trauma, strategies for coping with 379
,
391
travellers, European
in Cairo 32
,
41 –42
in Ottoman Empire 126 –127
tribal groups
corporatism of 99 –104
modes of survival in 153 –154
‘Trouble in Tahiti’ (musical, Bernstein) xxxii
truth commissions 379n3
Tunisia
French rule of 60
revolts in (2012–2012)
397 –398 403
,
404
,
405
,
406
mobilised publics in 407
Turkey
founding of state of 73
,
74
heritage sports in 328
,
347 –349
higher education in 135
Islam in 330
,
343
muscular 334 –335
national identity of 340 –341 364
oil wrestling in xix
,
327
,
328 –330 340 –341 349 –350
cultural elements of 341 –343 344 –347
Islamic elements of 334 –335 343 –344
nationalistic elements of 341
religious minorities in 364
,
366
,
369
traditional wrestling in 338
Turks
and Arabs, re-unification of 68
Central Asia origins of 340
Riḍā on 70
Western images of violence and insanity of 458
Twitter, use of, in Egypt 235 –236
UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Islamic studies at xxxii –xxxiii
Uganda
Muslims in xx
,
376
,
385
political representation of 385 –386
political rights of 378
politics of recognition by 382 –383 386 –387 390 –391
protests by 376 –377 384
,
387 –388
remembrance/commemoration practices of 379 –380 384 –385 388 –389 390
,
391
governmental repression of 381
,
390
Sheema district massacre of (1979) 376
,
382 –385
national silence and reconciliation policies imposed by government in 377
,
379
,
381
,
383
,
384
post-colonial history of 380 –381
religious pluralism in 377
Ukrainian language, translations of Arabic texts into 19
ʿulamāʾ
in South Africa 187 –188
in South Asia 190
,
280
,
281
ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (Caliph) 69 –70
umma
leadership of 58
unity of 55
Ottoman concerns with 61
Riḍā on 56
,
64
,
68
,
76
unbelievers, Islam on 203 –204
UNESCO, Intangible Cultural Heritage status granted to Kırkpırnar oil wrestling 341 –342
United States
book publishing in 232
Egyptian ties with 35
Unity and Variety in Muslim Civilization (von Grunebaum) xviii
universalism, quest of religious minority groups for 372
universities
Egyptian 31
,
165
Ottoman 134 –136 137
,
138 –140
Russian, Islamic studies at 4 –9 10 –17 23
ʿUrābī revolution (Egypt, 1881) 59
,
60
urban areas, modes of survival in 154
urban development, in Cairo 30
,
32 –33 39
Urdu, translations of Qurʾān in 281 –282 283 –284 290 –291 292
publication of 287 –288
al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā (journal) 61 –62
al-Usra kamā yurīduhā al-Islām (The family as wished-for by Islam, al-Qaraḍāwī) 313 –314
ʿUthmān, Muḥammad 38
Vehbi (Abdülcelil Levnî) 81
,
82
Verdi, Guiseppe 42
vernacular languages
Arabic 148 –149
Qurʾān translations into 283 –284
victimhood, of religious minority groups 372
Vienna World’s Fair (1873) 126
village communities, Ottoman 95 –96 98 –99 97 –98
as corporate group 96
,
99
violence
commemoration of 378
as communication form 93
of insanity 451
and Islam 271 –272
in Uganda 380 –381
against Muslims 376
,
382 –385
voice strategy of minorities 370
Volksverhetzung 443 –444 463 –464
Wādī n-Nīl (journal) 37
Wahba, Sulṭān Ḥusayn 224 –225 226 –227 229
,
232
,
232 –233 238 –239
Wahba, Wahba Ḥasan 225 –226 227 –228 230
,
239
Wahba family 224
,
230n21
Wahhābī networks, in India, British suspicions of 289
Walī Allāh, Shāh xviii
,
280
authority of 280 –282 285 –286 288
,
292 –293
and Deobandism 291 –292
mysticism of 293 –294
Qurʾān translation and interpretation by 282 –285
waqf institutions, Ottoman 96
,
97
wars
confessional, in Middle East 357
Egypt-Abessinia (1869) 36
Uganda civil wars 380
World War II 168
wasaṭiyya (moderation, the middle way) 181
water distribution systems, Ottoman 94 –95
Weber, Max 84
,
85
wedding photography, Ottoman 115
,
116 –117
Weidel, Alice 463
Weltausstellung Paris (1867), ägyptische Anteil 30
,
31
West
images of Muslims in 458 –459
influences on Turkish oil wrestling of 342 –343
nostalgia for Orient in 41
,
43 Europe
Wirtschaft, ägyptische 33
,
43
,
45 –46
Wittgenstein, Ludwig 342
wolf/werewolf images, of Muslims 458 –459
women
dress styles of, in Ottoman Empire 121 –122
European, Iranian images of 303
Islamic law on 311 –312
women’s movements, in Iran 304
women’s rights 308
,
320
activism
in Egypt xix
,
313
international/transnational 310
,
312
,
313
Iranian male solidarity with xix
,
301
,
304 –305 307 –308
Islamic opposition to 313 –314
in Egypt xix
,
312 –313
in Iran xix
,
302 –304 306
,
307 –308
and Islam 302
,
313 –314 316 –321
word processing, Arabic 256
World Ethnosport Confederation 348 –349
world exhibition in Paris (1867), Egyptian contribution 30
,
31
World’s Fair (Vienna, 1873) 126
world history xii
World War II, impact in Egypt of 168
wrestling
Islamic views of 339
regional forms of 343
traditional 342
in Iran 333
in Pakistan 334
in Turkey 338 oil wrestling
Wuld ʿAlī tribal group (Syria) 101
Wulff, Christian xiii
Xi’an (China), Great Mosque in 259
Yazīdīs 371
Yemen, revolts in (2010–2012), and regime change 397 –398 403
,
404
,
406
Young Turks, government of 68
youth, cultural alienation of 185
Zaghlūl, Aḥmad Fatḥī Pasha 161
Zaman, Muhammad Qasim xviii
,
xxxix
Zan-e Rūz (Today’s Woman, journal, Iran) 302
Zanān, (Women, journal, Iran) 303 –304
Zivilisation, ägyptische 29
Zivilisationsdiskurs, in Ägypten 27 –28
ZMO (Zentrum Moderner Orient; today Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient) xxxii
Zurkhane athleticism 333
,
342
,
346