| Ain-i Akbari (Persian) |
Abū’l Faz̤l ibn Mubārak. Ā’īn-i Akbarī. Edited by Henry Blochmann. 2 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1867–77. |
| Ain-i Akbari (English) |
Abū’l Faz̤l ibn Mubārak. The Ain-i Akbari. Translated by Henry Blochmann and H. S. Jarrett. 3 vols. 1867–77. Reprint, Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2010. |
| Akbarnama (Persian) |
Abū’l Faz̤l ibn Mubārak. Akbarnāma. Edited by Maulawi Abd-ur-Rahim. 3 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1873–87. |
| Akbarnama (English) |
Abū’l Faz̤l ibn Mubārak. The Akbarnāma. Translated by Henry Beveridge. 3 vols. Delhi: Low Price Publications, 2010. First published 1902–39 by the Asiatic Society of Bengal. |
| Haft Iqlim (Persian) |
Amīn Aḥmad Rāzi. Tazkere-ye Haft Eqlim. Edited by Mohammad Reza Taheri. 3 vols. Tehran: Soroush Press, 1999. |
| Muntakhab al-Tawarikh (Persian) |
ʿAbd al-Qādir Badāʾūnī. Muntakhab al-Tavārīkh. Edited by Captain W. N. Lees and Munshi Ahmad Ali. 2 vols. Calcutta: College Press, 1865. |
| Muntakhab al-Tawarikh (English) |
ʿAbd al-Qādir Badāʾūnī. The Muntakhab al-Tawarikh. Translated by George S. A. Ranking, Sir Wolseley Haig, and W. H. Lowe. 3 vols. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1884–1925. |
| Jahangirnama (Persian) |
Nūr al-Dīn Muḥammad Jahāngīr, Tūzuk-i Jahāngīrī. Lucknow: Naval Kishore, 1863. |
| Jahangirnama (English) |
Nūr al-Dīn Muḥammad Jahāngīr, The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India. Translated and edited by Wheeler M. Thackston. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. |
Note to the Reader
Persian and Arabic are transliterated according to the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES) system of transliteration. The IJMES Word List has also been followed for the spelling of widely known terms that maintain ʿayn and hamza, but omit diacritics (for example ʿulamaʾ, Shiʿi, Shiʿism). Places and names of Islamic dynasties, instead, follow English usage. Throughout the book, dates are given in CE years and, when available, in the hijri (AH) calendar.
Unless otherwise stated, all translations in the essays are by the author.