Glossary/Abbreviations
C = Chinese; F = French; J = Japanese; K = Korean; P = Portuguese; S = Spanish; D = Dutch; M = Malay; V = Vietnamese
| aitai shōbai (相對商賣) (J) | system in which, buyer and seller were allowed to directly negotiate prices of all imports including raw silk. |
| armação (P) | corporate agreement system |
| bugyō (奉行) (J) | governor or magistrate |
| bakufu (幕府) (J) | shogunal government |
| bakuhan taisei (幕藩体制) (J) | political system established by the Tokugawa |
| burakumin (部落民) (J) | outcast people |
| bussan (物産) (J) | commodity |
| byōbu (屏風) (J) | lit. wind screen or folding screen |
| calçada (P) | stone pavement |
| cambio maritimo (P) | lit. marine interest; bottomry |
| canga (P) | yoke of oxen |
| Capitão-Mor (P) | chief captain |
| carta (P) | letter |
| castella (P; S) | sponge cake made in Nagasaki |
| chōnin (町人) (J) | lit. townspeople, commoners |
| conhecimento (P) | bill of lading |
| dagregister (daghregister) (D) | journal kept by the head of Dutch trading posts |
| daikan (代官) (J) | imperial envoy in Nagasaki |
| daimyō (大名) (J) | lord |
| danka seido (檀家制度) (J) | system of affiliation of households with Buddhist temples |
| Deshima (出島) (J) | lit. exit or protruding island |
| Dongníng Wángguó (東寧王國) (C) | Kingdom of Tungning as founded by Koxinga |
| Doza (銅座) (J) | Copper Agency |
| Doza-machi (銅座町) (J) | copper quarter |
| Edo Bakufu (江戸幕府) (J) | Edo or Tokugawa shogunate |
| ema (yema) (絵馬) (J) | lit. picture-horse; votive picture |
| feitor (D) | factor or manager |
| fumi-e (踏み絵) (J) | trampling upon a Christian image |
| fune (-bune) (船) (J) | ships |
| fûsetsu-gaki (風説書) (J) | lit. rumor; deposition by Chinese junk captains to Nagasaki bugyō |
| fusuta-bune (フスタ船) (J) | name of Chinese-style junks built in Hirado |
| Genna Kokaisho (—元和航海書) (J) | Navigation Manuel of the Genna Era |
| gin (銀) J | silver |
| ginzan (銀山) (J) | silver mountain |
| gojōdaka shiho (御定高仕法) (J) | fixed-ceiling or annual quota system |
| go-shuin (御朱印) (J) | the vermilion colored passport |
| Gyōki-zu (行基図) (J) | map style showing relationship of provinces to the capital |
| han (藩) (J) | domains headed by daimyo |
| hana-kin (花金) (J) | flower money or bribe |
| hansatsu (藩札) (J) | feudal-clan banknotes |
| hui guan (會館) (C) | assembly house or public hall |
| hyakusho ikki (百姓一揆) (J) | peasant uprisings |
| itowappu (糸割符) (J) | purchase of Chinese raw silk at fixed price |
| itowappu nakama (糸割符仲間) (J) | silk trade guild |
| Itzi Bu (Ichi Bu or Ichi Bo) (一分) (J) | gold coins |
| ji (寺) (J) | suffix added to name of Buddhist temple |
| jige-gin (地下銀) (J) | commoner or citizen silver system |
| jinja (神社) (J) | lit, place of gods, or Shinto shrine |
| jōkamachi (城下町) (J) | castle town |
| jurubassa (M) | lit. language specialist, interpreter |
| jutaku tôjin (住宅唐人) (J) | resident or domiciled Chinese |
| kaidō (街道) (J) | main road |
| kai-hentai (華夷變態) (J) | China-Barbarian Transformation records |
| kaikin (海禁) (J) | maritime prohibition edicts |
| kaisha (会社) (J) | trading office |
| kakure (隠れ) (J) | lit. underground |
| kakure (隠) (J) | hidden (with reference to underground Christians) |
| kamotsu shihō shōhō (J), (貨物市法商法) (J) | cargo marketing system |
| kana (仮名) (J) | katakana or Japanese syllabary |
| kanban (看板) (J) | lit. signboard; private (trade) |
| kango boeki (勘合貿易) (J) | tally trade between Japan and China |
| kanji (漢字) (J) | Chinese characters |
| Kirishitan-ban (キリシタン版) (J) | missionary literature of the Jesuit Mission Press in Japan |
| kongsi (公司) (C) | clan association |
| koseki (戸籍) (J) | family register |
| kurofune (黒船), (J) | Portuguese black ships |
| kuroshio (黒潮) (J) | lit. black tide; current |
| Kyūshū (九州) (J) | lit. Nine Provinces |
| li (里) (C) | measure of distance, equal to 576 m. |
| ligt (D) | light (coin) |
| machi (町) (J) | town quarter |
| machidoshiyori (町年寄) (J) | members of the council ward elders |
| Maso-do (媽祖堂) (J, C) | mazu-god hall |
| Minh Hương (明鄉) (V, C) | Ming Chinese or Sino-Vietnamese |
| Nagasaki bôekisen (長崎貿易銭) (J) | copper coins minted in Nagasaki for trade purposes |
| Nagasaki-e (長崎絵) (J) | a genre of woodblock prints featuring Nagasaki scenes |
| Nagasaki kaisho (長崎会所) (J) | Trade Office |
| nagegane (投銀) (J) | joint venturing or insurance |
| Nakajima-zeniza (中島ｰ銭座) (J) | Nakajima mint in Nagasaki |
| nanban (南蛮) (J) | southern or foreign |
| nanbanbuki (南蛮吹) (J) | a foreign mining liquidation method |
| nanbanbyobu (南蛮屏風) (J) | southern folding screens |
| nanbanjin (南蛮人) (J) | southern barbarians or foreigners |
| ninbetsuchō (人別帳) (J) | lit. registry of human categories |
| Ōbaku-shū (黄檗宗) (J) | school of Zen Buddhism |
| Obon (お盆) (J) | annual Buddhist-Confucian festival |
| opperhoofd (D) | lit. upper head or chief clerk |
| Oranda tsuji (阿蘭陀通詞) (J) | Dutch interpreters appointed by the bugyo |
| otona (乙名) (J) | head of ward |
| pancada (P) | price-fixing system on the sale of raw silk |
| pulau (M) | island |
| rangaku (蘭学) (J) | school of Dutch learning in Japan |
| Rekidai Hōan (Lidai Baoan) (歴代宝案) (J, C) | Precious Documents of Successive Generations |
| respondência (P) | money borrowed on goods and merchandise contained in a ship |
| Rōjū (老中) (J) | Council of Elders at Edo |
| romaji (ローマ字) (J) | romanized Japanese |
| ronin (浪人) (J) | masterless samurai |
| roteiro (P) | sailing guides |
| sakoku (鎖国) (J) | closed country policy brought down by the bakufu |
| samurai (侍) (J) | warrior or military nobility |
| sankin-kōtai (参勤交代) (J) | lit. alternative residence |
| saodo (棹銅) (J) | pole or bar copper |
| sapèque (M, F) | Chinese or Japanese copper coins |
| sarasa (saraça) (更紗) (M, P, J) | cotton fabric |
| shihō shōhō (市法商法) (J) | market trade system |
| Shimabara-ki (島原記) (J) | Shimabara chronicle |
| Shimabara no ran (島原の乱) (J) | Shimabara rebellion |
| Shinchi (新地) (J) | lit. new earth: Chinese warehouses quarter in Nagasaki |
| shinjō (進上) (J) | official tributary trade |
| shinpai (信牌) (J) | trade license |
| shogun (将軍) (J) | military dictator |
| Shōtoku shinrei (正徳新例) (J) | New Shotoku Law |
| shoya (庄屋) (J) | village headman, official representative |
| shuinjō (朱印状) (J) | red seal license |
| shuinsen (朱印船) (J) | Red Seal ship |
| shuumon aratame (宗門改) (J) | official registers with Buddhist temples |
| situado (S) | subsidy in silver paid at Manila |
| soma (P) | Portuguese designation for large sea-going junk |
| soto-machi (外町) (J) | outer city or suburbs |
| swaar (D) | heavy (coin) |
| taxatie-handel (D) | market trade (shihō shōhō) system |
| tenryo (天領) (J) | bakufu-controlled city or domain |
| teppo (鉄砲) (J) | lit. iron cannon; referring to Portuguese guns |
| tera (-dera) (寺) (J) | Buddhist temple |
| tsuji (通事) (J) | interpreter |
| tô-tsuji (唐通事) (J) | Chinese-speaking interpreters |
| tôjin (唐人) (J) | lit. men of Tang; Chinese sailors or residents |
| Tôjin-Yashiki (唐人屋敷) (J) | Chinese residence or compound |
| Tokugawa bakufu (徳川幕府) (J) | Tokugawa (or Edo) shogunate |
| tolken (D) | interpreter |
| Tonkinsen (東京船) (J) | Chinese junks plying the Nagasaki-Tonkin route |
| tono (殿) | honorific meaning lord or master |
| tonya (問屋) (J) | shippers or trade brokers |
| Tôsen (唐船) (J) | lit. ships of Tang; Chinese junk traders |
| Tôsen Fusetsu-gaki (唐船 風説書) (J) | (lit. rumor) or deposition records |
| Tsūkō ichiran (通航一覧) (J) | survey of intercourse documents |
| uchi-machi (内町) (J) | the inner town |
| unesco | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| voc | Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; Dutch East India Company |
| wakan/waegwan (倭館) (J, K) | Japan House in Korea |
| wako (wokou) (倭寇) (J, C) | pirates |
| wankang (灣船 (C) | a sea-going junk of about 100 to 150 tonnes |
| yashiki (屋敷) (J) | house |
| zeni (銭) (J) | cash, copper coins |