Index
Absolutism/absolutist state
7–10, 14, 60, 62, 71n, 78, 101
Agrarian capitalism
12, 13, 14n, 221
Alfonso, Isabel
131
Alfonso VII
58
Alba de Tormes
25, 37n, 46, 53n
Alfonso VIII
27n, 34n, 46n, 183n
Alfonso IX
183
Alfonso X
34n, 39n, 47n, 56, 79n, 80, 87, 90n, 99, 111n, 120n, 127n
Alfonso XI
42, 99n, 100n
Álvaro de Luna
80, 173n
America
9
Anderson, Perry
10–15, 68, 71, 78–80, 82, 102
Apprentices, apprenticeship
149n, 169n, 195, 200
Arriaza, Armand
24
Asenjo González, María
23, 57
Astur Leones monarchy
83n
Asymmetrical Trade
7, 14, 193
“circulationist” model and endogenous model
193, 206, 207, 210
Castile’s external trade
193, 208
Reconquista and trade
208, 222
nobles’ behaviour
9, 193, 194, 204, 208
fetishism of the use-values
194, 209
production for consumption
195–199, 202–204, 208–212, 217, 219
merchant capital
9, 222, 225
merchant’s profit and price
195–198, 209–211
exchange of non-equivalents
196, 207, 208–210
wool trade, new cloth production, market
197–199
peasants and markets
199
economic commodification
199–202, 212
the artisan régime
199, 200
abstract labour and the peasant-worker’s activity
202, 203, 222, 223
law of commodity value and unequal development
203–204, 211, 224
transaction costs’s thesis
211, 213
rural industry and investment
212
institutional constrictions
212–214
Castile, Florence and the failed transition
214–221
rural industry and market
217
purchase of Sicilian cereals and wool on the Castilian markets
222
merchant monopolies and overpricing of luxury goods
222
manufactured goods markets in Castile
223, 224
Australia
14
Ávila
21, 23, 30n, 33, 34, 34n, 36n, 37n, 38n, 39n, 42–44, 46n, 47–50, 53–58, 110, 110n14/15, 111n, 114n, 115n, 116, 116n, 117n, 120n, 121n58/50, 123n, 126, 128n, 132n85/87, 171, 172, 174n
Aymard, Maurice
205, 206
Badajoz
83
Barrios García, Ángel
23
Bastides
103
Bernstein. Eduard
13
Bois, Guy
78n, 130, 139, 141–143, 145, 164, 165
Bonilla de la Sierra
32
Brabant
223
Braudel, Fernand
5, 193, 197, 205, 206
Brenner [Robert]
12–14, 78–82, 102, 144, 147, 163–165, 213
Bresc, Henri
206, 207, 222–225
British/English Marxist historians
174–177
Burgos
9, 24, 24n, 90n, 108, 131n, 198
Burgos’s upper commercial bourgeoisie
24, 53, 83n, 211
Caballeros villanos (commoner knights)
18, 21, 22, 34, 34n, 39, 46n, 49n, 51–53, 56–58, 85, 91–93, 95, 96, 146, 161, 198, 199, 214, 215, 221
his waged labourers
34–42
consumption values
41
wage-labourer and aldeanos
41, 42, 42n
political clientelism
42, 43
jurisdictional rights
44
lordly dominion
45
supplementary rents
47, 48
pasture lands
48–51
rich peasants and knights
22, 51, 52, 146
commercial realisation of the surplus
53
the simple commodity production
54, 59, 157, 161, 198
institutional regulations
54, 55
modest lords
56–58
status and class conditions
95, 96
council aristocracies in the aldea
119, 129, 130
knights in the aldeas
131
Cáceres
83, 118n
Canada
14
Capetians
103
Capitalism
5–9, 12–14, 17, 20, 26, 56, 62, 63, 68, 69, 71, 78n, 134, 138n, 139, 139n, 142, 144, 146n, 152n, 154n, 162, 164, 165, 175, 177–179, 183, 184, 190n, 193, 194, 196, 197, 201–203, 205, 206, 211, 217–221, 225
Capitalist mode of production
7, 8, 65, 71, 138
Capitalist/modern state
historical study
7, 8
modern state and feudal state
8
absolutism
8, 9, 60
precapitalists formations
61, 62
Hegel, Marx and Gramsci
62.63
political vertex, economic base and connectors
63, 64, 67, 68
form of appearance
64, 65, 66
democracy and autocracy
66
ideology and ideological apparatuses
66, 67
bourgeois school and egalitarian materiality
67
bureaucracy and consent
67, 68, 69
consensus/coercion in Gramsci
68, 69
forms of dominatrion and fetishism
69, 70
Weberian conception
69–73, 75
the question of the genesis
70, 71, 75
Locke, Montesquieu and governments of property owners
71
feudalism and the separation among the instances of power
72–74
feudal and modern bureaucrat
73, 74
status and economic classes
74, 75, 95n
expropriation of subjective rights
75, 76
commodity circulation
78
impersonal relations
94n
Capitalist working-class
134, 175, 178n
Castile
6, 8, 9, 18, 22, 24, 59, 79–81, 82n, 84, 99n, 101, 102, 104, 106–108, 120, 139, 140n, 145n, 155n, 164, 168n, 170, 191, 191n, 193, 196, 198, 201n, 202–205, 208, 211–217, 221–225
Castile’s urban artisan industries as compared with Flanders or Italy
120
Castilian comunidades’ revolution (1520–1)
107, 135, 164–166, 191
Châtelains
103
Chayanov, Chayanov’s conception
13, 130, 156
Christendom
21
Christian offensive and Arab retreat
21, 85, 86
Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris
30, 58
Cistercians
145n
Ciudad Rodrigo
21, 32n, 33, 39n, 45, 47n, 49, 50n, 99n, 120, 123n, 133n
Class Consciousness
peasants’ struggle depression
164, 167
Hilton’s interpretation
168, 189
consent and coercion
168, 169, 190, 190n
demands and peasant élite
169
social conduct and consciousness
170
peasants and dissident behaviour
170–174
insurrections and critical consciousness
173
the radical English subversiveness
174
British Marxist historians
174–177, 192
experience
176
intellectual consciousness
176, 176n, 177
Lukács’s thesis
177, 178
pesasant’s cognitive conditions and capitalism
179, 179n, 180, 180n
the peasant’s consciousness-for-himself
180, 181
critical consciousnesses
182
individualised critical consciousness
183, 184
seigneurial class consciousness
184, 185
consent and exclusion
186–190
ideology and the three orders
178, 187
religiosity of rural people
187, 187n, 188
low level of social integration
189
capitalist entrepreneur and general consciousness
191
clerics in the aldea
121–123, 128
Class struggle
9, 10, 65, 66, 79, 81, 82, 92n, 104, 108, 117, 128–130, 136, 164–167, 171, 182, 184, 190n191
Clientelism, clientelist networks/patronage
42, 96, 125, 127, 132, 158, 186, 220
Coercion
26, 40, 41, 44, 45, 61, 64–66, 68, 69, 78n, 81, 82, 88n31/34, 90, 110, 111, 111n, 117n, 125, 151, 159, 163, 168, 173, 183
Communal land/common land/commons
38, 38n89/91, 42, 48, 49, 49n, 50n157/158, 51, 55, 89, 112–114, 117, 120n, 123n, 131, 132, 133n, 144–147, 152, 152n, 153, 172, 181, 181n, 216
Communities, individualism, fractures, disputes and solidarities
130–134
Concrete thought
15
Consent
68, 122, 126, 168, 169, 185, 185n, 186, 186n, 188, 189, 190
Convent of San Juan
36
Corregidores
99, 100, 127
Council functions
55, 56
Courtrai
163n
Crónica de la Población de Ávila
30
Cuenca
24n, 30, 30n, 39, 49, 56, 111n, 145n, 149n, 158, 158n, 161, 164, 214, 217
De Moxó, Salvador
22
Descartes, René
11
Developed’ producers of raw materials (Scandinavian countries, Canada, Australia)
14
Development-underdevelopment binary
6, 14, 193, 197, 203–206, 211, 223–225
Diago Hernando, Máximo
23
Dobb, Maurice
7, 16, 138, 143, 147
Domestic Rural Industry
6, 6n, 9, 138
in Segovia and Ávila
43
Verlagssystem
138n, 158, 160, 161, 198–201, 211, 212, 214–217, 220
Kaufsystem
216
crisis of feudalism
138, 143, 162
social differentiation
138, 154, 163
capitalism within the feudal dynamic
8, 9, 139, 139n, 141, 150, 157, 160, 162, 163, 165, 217
Malthusian model
139–144, 215
Malthusian model and its radical critics
143, 144, 147
villages
13, 139, 140
fragmentation of peasant holdings and waged labour
141–145, 152
demographic microregulators
142, 142n
lordly proprietors and peasant reproduction
144–148, 162, 215–217
pauperisation
148–153, 215, 216
communities, inheritance. and wage-labourers
150, 151, 154, 155
Marx’s primary accumulation
17, 152, 152n
rich peasants and social control
153, 157, 158, 160, 163
the “textile lord”
154, 155, 158, 159, 214–216
production for sale155–157 superexploitation
159, 160
the material mode of production
159
female workforce
161
feudalism as a negative condition of the new manufactures
163
“structural-dynamic” and “class-struggle” thesis
164–166
capitalism and the development of the productive forces
218
Duero
21, 24n, 83, 84, 108
Durkheim, Émile
12, 65n, 185
Egypt (bureaucrat of ancient Egypt)
8n
Enclosure of the commons
38
Engels, Friedrich
18n
England
22, 38, 79, 138, 138n, 142n, 154n52/59, 155, 156n, 165, 166n, 191n, 217, 223
English yeomen
13, 22, 54, 56, 59, 139n, 168
English peasant communities
155
English Revolution/revolt (1381)
14n, 135n, 165, 166n, 168, 174, 191
English Revolution (seventeenth-century)
14n
English working-class consciousness
175, 175n
English wool exports and putting-out system
197, 207, 221
Enlightenment
16
Epstein, Stephan
205, 106, 210–215, 217–219, 222–224
Europe, European situation
6, 8, 9, 71n, 75, 80, 82n, 83, 94, 94n, 96, 106n, 128, 130, 135, 138, 146, 149n, 167n, 192, 197–199, 201, 204, 207, 212, 221–224
European model of parliamentary democracy
22
European villages
17
Excusados (labourers working for the knights)
33, 33n, 34n, 35, 35n, 37n, 39, 39n, 43, 43n
Extremadura Histórica
21, 24, 27, 40n, 52, 83, 84, 96, 102n, 108, 134n, 140, 151, 154, 214–216, 221
Fernando III
4n, 120n, 123n, 185n
Fernando IV
56, 132n
Fernando de Antequera [Ferdinand I of Aragon, regent of Castile]
80, 108n
Feudal obligations on peasants, rents, exactions
37, 39n, 41, 46, 57, 61, 81, 91n, 107, 109n, 110n, 113, 149, 157, 160–162, 170, 171n, 175, 185n, 199, 211, 214
Feudal state
monarchy and councils in Castile
21, 24, 27
councils and the monarchy’s tax-collecting system
43, 44, 87–89
state: conceptual problems
7–9, 76, 77
monarchy and dispersed sovereignties
77, 104, 105
traditional interpretation
77, 78, 101
Anderson, Brenner and the feudal State
10, 11, 78, 79, 102
objections to Perry Anderson’s Thesis, Castile, Italy
79, 80, 82
Centralising project and Castilian lords
80, 81
France, Low Countries
81n
class struggle (Castile, east of the Elbe, France, absolutist era, Catalonia)
81, 82, 82n, 104
political dominion
82
historical development in Northern Spain, Extremadura Histórica, the present-day Extremadura, Andalusia, Murcia
83, 84
a Germanic mode of production on the frontier
84, 85
knights and monarchy
84–87
reproduction of the feudal mode of production
86
knights and managerial functions
89
collective jurisdictional power of knights
23, 87, 99
segmented political structure
89–91, 100
political bloc
91–95, 98
knights, bourgeoisie, patriciate
92, 93, 96, 97
monarch, proprietor class, ruling class and governing class
93, 94
articulation of modes of production; monarchy, hermandades and the nobility
96, 98, 99
monarchy and rural councils
118, 119
monarchy and feudal class
97, 98
state and socio-economic formation in Castile
101
state and cities in France
101, 102
crisis and state
102–104
France
103
Italy bourgeois patriciates and Castile
22, 24, 104
Fiefs
26, 92n, 101n, 102n, 103
Flemish markets/textiles
24, 193, 195, 203, 208
Florence
104, 213, 218, 219n, 221, 221n
Foucault’s theories of domination
60
France
8n, 9, 79, 80–82, 101–104, 154n, 166, 181n
Franco-Flemish textiles
24
Free trade in the 1990s (IMF, Argentina, Menem, Bush clan)
6, 7
French peasants
13
García Álvarez de Toledo, count of Alba
28n
Gardeners
34n, 35, 36n
German intellectuals
11
Gibert, Rafael
21, 22
Ghent
163n
Glick, Thomas
23
Gramsci, Antonio
8, 63, 63n, 67, 68, 71n, 73, 89, 185, 220
Granada
30, 39n
Hegel, Georg W.F.
8n, 11, 16, 17, 62, 63, 63n, 65, 78
Hegelian tradition
70, 192
Hegemony
63, 65, 68, 68n, 69, 75, 90, 117, 118, 185, 186n, 191
Heidelberg’s Kantian school
12
Homo economicus
12, 13, 214
Henry II of Trastámara
100
Herdsmen
33, 35n, 36
Hidalgos
22, 23, 28, 30, 53n, 110
Hilton, Rodney
15, 164, 168, 174, 175, 183
Historical sociology/sociologists’ schema
10, 11, 15, 206
Hobbes, Thomas
11
Hobsbawm, Eric
5, 15, 175, 178n
Humanists
16
Ideal type notion
11, 11n, 13, 18, 18n
Île-de-France
103
Infanzones
23, 119n
Institutionalist medievalism and binary conceptualisation
58, 59, 96
Islamic world
21
Italy
71, 104, 120, 205, 206, 220, 221
Jones Philip
205, 206
Junkers
59
Farmers
59
Jacobins
9
Juan Manuel, lord of Peñafiel
36
Kant, Immanuel
10, 11, 11n, 16, 18, 66n
Kantianism
10–13, 15, 18, 20
Kulaks
22, 54, 198
Languedoc
103
Lille
163n
Livestock owners
64n
Local aristocracy
30, 31, 32, 32n
Lombardy
213
Low Countries
81n
Lukács, György
15, 70, 73n, 177, 178, 189
Mâconnais
103
Madrid
33
Malinowski, Bronislaw
12
Malthus, Thomas/Malthusian schema
139–141, 143–145, 147, 147n, 162, 173, 214, 215
Market model (Pirenne, Sweezy) and capitalism
143, 144
Martínez Moro, Jesús
33
Marx, Karl
5, 7, 8, 8n, 11, 15–20, 54, 62, 63, 65, 75, 84, 130, 138, 152n, 154n, 174, 181n, 193n, 217, 218
Marxism
18n, 20
Mezzadria/mezzadri
59, 219
Millers
34n, 35
Minoridades
99
Mínguez Fernández, José María
23
Monsalvo Antón, José María
25, 29n, 79n
Moral authority
121, 122
Murcia
40n, 83
Neoclassical
5, 205, 223
Noble knights (knights as feudal class, lower level of milites)
23–28, 30, 33n, 44, 45n, 56–58
North, Douglas C and Thomas, Robert Paul and the institutional change
213
Normandy
139, 223
Orden de Salvatierra
34
Pariage
103
Paris
103
Parliament (Cortes) in feudalism
9, 74, 79n, 81, 81n, 94, 95, 99, 135
Parsons, Talcott
12
Pastor de Togneri, Reyna
20, 22, 22n, 25, 168, 189
Patriciate
22–24, 32, 80, 96, 104
Pecheros (taxpayers, taxpaying peasants, taxpaying communities, tributarios)
28, 29, 34, 35, 37, 43, 43n, 44n, 87, 91n, 106–112, 114, 116–121, 124–128, 13–132, 134–137, 154n, 156n, 158n
Pedro González de Mendoza, lord
44
Periodization/non-continuous and continuos time in history
8, 9, 17
Piedrahíta
28n, 39n, 46, 146n
Pirenne [Henri]
143
Platonic dialogue
19
Ploughmen, yugueros
14, 33–36, 38–40, 42n, 140, 146, 216
Poland foreign trade
207
Popular culture/subculture
128, 129, 188
Portugal
9, 22
Positivism
12, 16–18
Postan [Michael]
140, 141
Post-Franco historians
22
Prestimonium
27n, 28
Procuradores pecheros
106
Artisan production, commerce and pecheros
107, 131
rich peasant and labour-power
108
commoner notables
108, 109, 118
tax-collection, control and coercion
110, 111, 118, 119, 125
the “rent strike”
112, 114, 115
complaints and demands in social conlict
112–114, 123
questioning the transfer of surpluses of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods
113, 114
rhetoric of submission
114, 115, 125
functionality as a stabilising force
115, 116, 118, 136, 137
the lord and the systematic class struggle
116, 117
aldea councils/aldea assembly
109n, 118, 119, 127, 128
artisan guilds
120
élite’s predominance
121–126, 216
loans to peasants
124
conflict of common people-procurators
126, 127
politics in its pre-political version
129, 130, 136
potential for programmatic radicalisation
134, 135
Provence
102n, 104
Queen Juana, lord of Sepúlveda
44
Regidores
120, 135
Regimientos cerrados
99
Requena
30, 47n
Reyes Católicos [Ferdinand ii of Aragon and Isabellai of Castile]
108, 109, 120, 126
Riaza
133n, 140n
Ricardo [David]. Ricardian theory
140, 143, 145, 147, 165
Rich peasants/wealthy peasantry/wealthy labradores/peasant aristocracy
22, 29, 51, 52, 135, 146, 153, 154, 156, 157, 159, 164, 216
Rickert, Heinrich
12n
Road to Santiago de Compostela
54
Romero, José Luis
20
Romanticism
16
Rousseau
128
Ruiz de la Peña, Juan Ignacio
23
Russia
22, 71n
Salamanca
46, 55n, 109n, 111n, 146n
Sánchez Albornoz, Claudio
20–22, 25, 130
Sancti Spiritus confraternity
3
hospital
34n
Santamaría Lancho, Miguel
23
Santiago de Compostela
24
Scandinavian countries
14
Scott, James C.
168, 174, 182
Segovia
21, 30, 33, 34n, 37, 45n, 46, 48, 57, 97n, 120n, 121, 127, 134n, 144n, 147n, 158, 161, 164, 164n, 214, 217
Sepúlveda
21, 34n, 44, 46, 47n, 53n, 110, 117n, 140n
Servants, paniaguados
34, 34n, 35, 39n, 43n, 44, 114n, 149n, 161n
Seville
24, 29, 54, 198
Shepherds
34n, 36n, 39n, 40n, 54n, 124, 149n, 216
Sicily
205–209, 211–215, 216, 217, 219, 221–223, 225
Siena
219
Sistema Central
21, 83
Slaves
34, 35
Smith, Adam
7, 160, 218
Soria
23, 34n, 37n
Spain
22
Spinoza, Baruch
11
Squires
27, 28n, 30, 30n, 39, 42, 49, 49n, 50n, 53n, 114n, 171n
Surplus labour
109
Surplus that the council took from the aldeas
46, 47
Sweezy [Paul]
54, 143
Thompson, Edward Palmer
15, 175–177
Toulouse
102
Tributary systems/patriarchal forms
5, 63
Trujillo
83
Tuscany
205, 207, 213, 221
United States
7, 178, 178n
Ussr bureaucracy
27n, 76n
Villalpando, Zamora
30, 31, 31n
Villar García, Luis Miguel
22
Vilar, Pierre
20
Von Ranke, Leopold
15
Vulgar communism
181, 181n
Waged labourers
34–42, 107, 124, 146
Wallerstein, Immanuel
5, 12–14, 143, 193, 197, 205–207, 210, 211
Weber, Max
7, 8, 8n, 11, 11n, 12–14, 18–19, 63n, 64, 65, 65n, 69–71, 73n, 75, 95n, 125, 185
Windelband, Wilhelm
12n
Widows:
31, 32, 32n, 149, 149n
Wool market
144, 145, 162–164, 197, 203, 204, 207, 221, 222, 224
World economy
13, 18, 206
Zamora
35n, 158, 158n, 160n
Zapardiel de Serrezuela (Ávila)
32