The following abbreviations are used in the notes and bibliography.
BJZH Beijing shi difang zhi bianzuan weiyuan hui
BMA Beijing Municipal Archives
CIFRC China International Famine Relief Commission
FO Foreign Office Archives, Kew, London
HIA Hoover Institute Archives, Stanford
NLC National Library of China, Beijing
NYPL New York Public Library
PUIFRC Peking United International Famine Relief Committee
SD Records of the Department of State relating to internal affairs of China (microfilm)
SOAS School of Oriental and African Studies Archives, London
XZ xianzhi (county/district gazetteer)
ZGDAG Zhongguo dier lishi dang’an guan
Gazetteers
Cang XZ 1933
Ci XZ 1941
Ding XZ 1934
Dingzhou shizhi 1998
Guangzong XZ 1933
Guangzong xian jiuzhi jiaozhu 2001
Haixing XZ 2002
Handan XZ 1939
Jing XZ 1932
Jingxing XZ 1934
Nangong XZ 1936
Nanpi XZ 1932
Ning jin XZ 1929
Ning jin XZ 1999
Qing XZ 1931
Qinghe XZ 1934
Qiu XZ 2001
Shunping XZ 1999
Wan XZ 1934
Wanxian xinzhi 1934
Wei XZ 1929
Wuji XZ 1936
Wuqiang XZ 1996
Xingtai shizhi 2001
Xinhe XZ 1929
Xinhe XZ 2000
Zhaicheng cunzhi 1925
Zhuo XZ 1935
Periodicals
Aiguo baihua bao 愛國白話報 (Beijing)
Baihua guoqiang bao 白話國強報 (Beijing)
Beijing baihua bao 北京白話報
Beijing ribao 北京日報
Beijing wanbao 北京晚報
Celestial Empire (Shanghai)
Chenbao [The Morning Post] 晨報 (Beijing)
China Daily (Beijing)
China Sun (Tianjin)
Da gongbao [L’Impartial] 大公報 (Tianjin)
Da Hanbao 大漢報 (Hankou)
Fengsheng 峰聲 (Beijing)
Fengtian gongbao (Shenyang)
Graphic (London)
Guobao [The Nation] 國報 (Beijing)
Guomin xinbao [The National Gazette] 國民新報 (Hankou)
Hankou xinwenbao 漢口新聞報
Hankou zhongxi bao 漢口中西報
Jichang ribao 吉長日報 (Changchun and Jilin)
Jingbao [The Peking Press] 京報 (Beijing)
Jiuzai zhoukan [Famine Relief Weekly] 救災周刊 (Beijing)
Laifu bao 來複報 (Taiyuan)
Lingxue yaozhi 靈学要誌 (Beijing)
Minsheng yuekan 民生月刊 (Beijing)
Minyi ribao 民意日報 (Beijing)
North China Herald (Shanghai)
North China Standard (Beijing)
North China Star (Tianjin)
Peking Leader (Beijing)
Peking & Tientsin Times (Tianjin)
Qunbao [Social Reports] 羣報 (Beijing)
Shanbao 善報 (Beijing)
Shanghai Gazette
Shanghai Times
Shangye ribao 商業日報 (Beijing)
Shenbao [Chinese Daily News] 申報 (Shanghai)
Sheng jing shibao 盛京時報 (Shenyang)
Shibao [Eastern Times] 時報 (Shanghai)
Shihua [The Daily Truth] 實話 (Beijing)
Shishi xinbao 時事新報 (Shanghai)
Shuntian shibao 順天時報 (Beijing)
Tianjin zhongmei ribao 天津中美日報
Times (London)
Xiao gongbao 小公報 (Beijing)
Xiao minbao 小民報 (Beijing)
Xibei ribao 西北日報 (Xi’an)
Xin shehui bao 新社會報 (Beijing)
Xin shenbao 新申報 (Shanghai)
Yishi bao [Social Welfare] 益世報 (Tianjin and Beijing)
Yuandong bao 遠東報 (Harbin)
Zhengfu gongbao 政府公報 (Beijing)
Zhenzai ribao 賑災日報 (Beijing)
Zhongguo minbao 中國民報 (Beijing)
Arnold, Julean. China: A Commercial and Industrial Handbook. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1926.
Baker, John Earl, ed. Report of the China Famine Relief, American Red Cross, October 1920– September, 1921. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1921.
“Baoan jingcha er dui baogao” [Report of Public Security Police Unit 2], case no. 57, March 1919. Jingshi jingcha ting [Municipal Police Bureau], BMA J181-018-10687. Barbour, George B. In China When … Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati Press, 1975.
Barbour, Margaret Hart. “One Corner of the China Famine Field.” In A St. Mary’s Teacher in the Famine District of China, 5–16. Hartford, CT: Church Missions Publishing Company, November 1932–January 1933.
BJZH. Beijing zhi: baoye, tongxun she zhi [Gazetteer of Beijing: newspapers and communications]. Beijing: Beijing chuban she, 2005.
Bredon, Juliet. Peking: A Historical and Intimate Description of Its Chief Places of Interest. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1922.
Brooks, Rachel. “The YMCA Government of China, with a preface by Bertrand Russell.” Unpublished manuscript, typescript 394, box 185 [1934]? NYPL.
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Chinese Eastern Railway. North Manchuria and the Chinese Eastern Railway. Harbin: C.E.R. Printing Office, 1924.
Chinese Government Railways. Guide to Peking: Peking-Hankow and Peking-Suiyuan Lines, 1920. Peking: Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 1920.
CIFRC. Annual Report 1923. Peiping [Beijing]: CIFRC, 1924.
CIFRC. Annual Report 1926. Peiping [Beijing]: CIFRC, 1927.
CIFRC. Annual Report 1927. Peiping [Beijing]: CIFRC, 1928.
CIFRC. Annual Report 1928. Peiping [Beijing]: CIFRC, 1929.
CIFRC. Annual Report 1929. Peiping [Beijing]: CIFRC, 1930.
CIFRC. Annual Report 1930. Peiping [Beijing]: CIFRC, 1931.
CIFRC. Famine in China’s Northwest: American Red Cross Commission’s Findings and Rejoinders Thereto. Peiping [Beijing]: CIFRC, June 1930.
CIFRC. Fifteenth Anniversary Book, 1921–1936. Peiping [Beijing]: CIFRC, 1936.
Crow, Carl. The Travelers’ Handbook for China (Including Hong Kong). 3rd ed. Shanghai: Carl Crow, 1921.
Darroch, J. Report of the Central China Famine Relief Fund Committee. Shanghai: North China Daily News and Herald, 1907.
Dittmer, C. G. “An Estimate of the Standard of Living in China.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 33, no. 1 (November 1918): 107–28.
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Freeman, Mansfield. “Observations on Famine Relief Work.” Millard’s Review of the Far East, 21 May 1921, 621.
Fuller, Stuart, and M. T. Liang, eds. Statement of Aims and Report on Famine Conditions and How They Are Being Met, with Map of the Famine Region. Tianjin: Tientsin Press for the North China International Society for Famine Relief cooperating with the Chinese Foreign Relief Committee, Shanghai, 1920.
Gamble, Sidney D. Peking: A Social Survey. New York: George H. Doran, 1921.
Gamble, Sidney D. Ting Hsien: A North China Community. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1954.
Hsu, Leonard S. Study of a Typical Chinese Town: What Survey Revealed in Ching Ho, North China, Which Was Taken as Example. Peiping [Beijing]: Leader Press, 1929.
[Illegible]. “Jiang Chaozong dezheng bei” [Stele commemorating the virtuous governance of Jiang Chaozong]. 1918. NLC online digital catalogue, guji [Ancient Documents], beitie jinghua [Stele Transcriptions]. Accessed 2 December 2018. http://mylib.nlc.cn/web/guest/search/beitiejinghua/medaDataDisplay?metaData.id=612352&metaData.lId=616833&IdLib=40283415347ed8bd013483503a050012
Imperial Japanese Government Railways. An Official Guide to Eastern Asia: Transcontinental Connections between Europe and Asia. Vol. 1: Manchuria and Chosen. Tokyo: Imperial Japanese Government Railways, 1913.
Jarman, Robert L, ed. China Political Reports, 1911–1960. Vol. 1: 1911–1921. Chippenham, UK: Anthony Rove, 2001.
Jingji zhouchang choubanchu. Zhengxin baogao shu [Report of receipts and expenditures]. BMA J181-018-22110.
Lee, Frederick, Travel Talks on China. Washington: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1926.
Li Lunbo. “Wang Huaiqing er san shi” [Two or three things about Wang Huaiqing]. Wenshi ziliao xuanji, hedingben (2010): 183–88.
“Liang shi yixing” [The righteous acts of Ms. Liang]. Lingxue yaozhi, September 1920, yiwen [anecdotes of excellence]: 8–9.
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MacNair, Harley Farnsworth, With the White Cross in China: The Journal of a Famine Relief Worker with a Preliminary Essay by Way of Introduction. Beijing: Henri Vetch, 1939.
McElroy, Robert, Aims and Organization of the China Society of America. China Society Pamphlets, no. 1. New York: China Society of America, 1923.
Mei Souzhu, and Liu Yizhi. Yishi yutai: Minguo chunian Beijing shenghuo baitai [Yishibao extracts: Life in Beijing in the early years of the republic]. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 2014.
Missionary Echo of the United Methodist Church. Vol. 20. London: Henry Hooks, 1922.
Morrison, George E, The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison. Vol. 2: 1912–1920. Edited by Lo Hui-Min. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Patterson, Don, “The Journalism in China.” University of Missouri Bulletin 23, no. 34 (December 1922): 36–58.
Powell, John Benjamin, and Hollington Kong Tong, eds. Who’s Who in China. Shanghai: Millard’s Review, 1920.
PUIFRC. The North China Famine of 1920–21 with Special Reference to the West Chihli Area. Beijing: PUIFRC, 1922. Reprint. Taipei: Ch’eng Wen, 1971.
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