The following abbreviations are used in the notes and bibliography.
BJZH Beijing shi difang zhi bianzuan weiyuan hui
BMA Beijing Municipal Archives
CIFRC China International Famine Relief Commission
FO Foreign Office Archives, Kew, London
HIA Hoover Institute Archives, Stanford
NLC National Library of China, Beijing
NYPL New York Public Library
PUIFRC Peking United International Famine Relief Committee
SD Records of the Department of State relating to internal affairs of China (microfilm)
SOAS School of Oriental and African Studies Archives, London
XZ xianzhi (county/district gazetteer)
ZGDAG Zhongguo dier lishi dang’an guan
Gazetteers
Cang XZ 1933
Ci XZ 1941
Ding XZ 1934
Dingzhou shizhi 1998
Guangzong XZ 1933
Guangzong xian jiuzhi jiaozhu 2001
Haixing XZ 2002
Handan XZ 1939
Jing XZ 1932
Jingxing XZ 1934
Nangong XZ 1936
Nanpi XZ 1932
Ning jin XZ 1929
Ning jin XZ 1999
Qing XZ 1931
Qinghe XZ 1934
Qiu XZ 2001
Shunping XZ 1999
Wan XZ 1934
Wanxian xinzhi 1934
Wei XZ 1929
Wuji XZ 1936
Wuqiang XZ 1996
Xingtai shizhi 2001
Xinhe XZ 1929
Xinhe XZ 2000
Zhaicheng cunzhi 1925
Zhuo XZ 1935
Periodicals
Aiguo baihua bao 愛國白話報 (Beijing)
Baihua guoqiang bao 白話國強報 (Beijing)
Beijing baihua bao 北京白話報
Beijing ribao 北京日報
Beijing wanbao 北京晚報
Celestial Empire (Shanghai)
Chenbao [The Morning Post] 晨報 (Beijing)
China Daily (Beijing)
China Sun (Tianjin)
Da gongbao [L’Impartial] 大公報 (Tianjin)
Da Hanbao 大漢報 (Hankou)
Fengsheng 峰聲 (Beijing)
Fengtian gongbao (Shenyang)
Graphic (London)
Guobao [The Nation] 國報 (Beijing)
Guomin xinbao [The National Gazette] 國民新報 (Hankou)
Hankou xinwenbao 漢口新聞報
Hankou zhongxi bao 漢口中西報
Jichang ribao 吉長日報 (Changchun and Jilin)
Jingbao [The Peking Press] 京報 (Beijing)
Jiuzai zhoukan [Famine Relief Weekly] 救災周刊 (Beijing)
Laifu bao 來複報 (Taiyuan)
Lingxue yaozhi 靈学要誌 (Beijing)
Minsheng yuekan 民生月刊 (Beijing)
Minyi ribao 民意日報 (Beijing)
North China Herald (Shanghai)
North China Standard (Beijing)
North China Star (Tianjin)
Peking Leader (Beijing)
Peking & Tientsin Times (Tianjin)
Qunbao [Social Reports] 羣報 (Beijing)
Shanbao 善報 (Beijing)
Shanghai Gazette
Shanghai Times
Shangye ribao 商業日報 (Beijing)
Shenbao [Chinese Daily News] 申報 (Shanghai)
Sheng jing shibao 盛京時報 (Shenyang)
Shibao [Eastern Times] 時報 (Shanghai)
Shihua [The Daily Truth] 實話 (Beijing)
Shishi xinbao 時事新報 (Shanghai)
Shuntian shibao 順天時報 (Beijing)
Tianjin zhongmei ribao 天津中美日報
Times (London)
Xiao gongbao 小公報 (Beijing)
Xiao minbao 小民報 (Beijing)
Xibei ribao 西北日報 (Xi’an)
Xin shehui bao 新社會報 (Beijing)
Xin shenbao 新申報 (Shanghai)
Yishi bao [Social Welfare] 益世報 (Tianjin and Beijing)
Yuandong bao 遠東報 (Harbin)
Zhengfu gongbao 政府公報 (Beijing)
Zhenzai ribao 賑災日報 (Beijing)
Zhongguo minbao 中國民報 (Beijing)
Chen Shanchang. “Wang Huaiqing songde bei [Stele extolling the virtue of Wang Huaiqing].” 1920. NLC online digital catalogue, guji [Ancient Documents], beitie jinghua [Stele Transcriptions]. Accessed 2 December 2018. http://mylib.nlc.cn/web/guest/search/beitiejinghua/medaDataDisplay?metaData.id=609411&metaData.lId=613892&IdLib=40283415347ed8bd013483503a050012
“Dui matong qingyou duzhong de matong jiangjun” [Toilet general with a special liking for the toilet]. China Daily, 17 August 2010. Accessed 17 September 2011. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqpl/yssp/2010-08-17/content_719783_2.html.
Fuller, Stuart, and M. T. Liang, eds. Statement of Aims and Report on Famine Conditions and How They Are Being Met, with Map of the Famine Region. Tianjin: Tientsin Press for the North China International Society for Famine Relief cooperating with the Chinese Foreign Relief Committee, Shanghai, 1920.
[Illegible]. “Jiang Chaozong dezheng bei” [Stele commemorating the virtuous governance of Jiang Chaozong]. 1918. NLC online digital catalogue, guji [Ancient Documents], beitie jinghua [Stele Transcriptions]. Accessed 2 December 2018. http://mylib.nlc.cn/web/guest/search/beitiejinghua/medaDataDisplay?metaData.id=612352&metaData.lId=616833&IdLib=40283415347ed8bd013483503a050012
Zhang Zhaoyin. “Wang [Huaiqing] songde bei [Stele extolling the virtue of Wang (Huaiqing)].” December 1920. NLC online digital catalogue, guji [Ancient Documents], beitie jinghua [Stele Transcriptions]. Accessed 2 December 2018. http://mylib.nlc.cn/web/guest/search/beitiejinghua/medaDataDisplay?metaData.id=609614&metaData.lId=614095&IdLib=40283415347ed8bd013483503a050012
Secondary Sources
Dillon, Nara, “The Politics of Philanthropy: Social Networks and Refugee Relief in Shanghai, 1932-1949.” In At the Crossroads of Empires: Middlemen, Social Networks, and State-Building in Republican Shanghai, edited by Nara Dillon and Jean C. Oi, 179–205. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008.
Goodman, Bryna, “What Is in a Network? Local, Personal, and Public Loyalties in the Context of Changing Conceptions of the State and Social Welfare.” In At the Crossroads of Empires: Middlemen, Social Networks, and State-Building in Republican Shanghai, edited by Nara Dillon and Jean C. Oi, 155–78. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008.