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Staphylococcus saprophyticus L-38 produces volatile 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-epoxybutane with strong inhibitory activity againstAspergillus flavus germination and aflatoxin production

In: World Mycotoxin Journal
Authors:
A.D. Gong Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China P.R.
College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China P.R.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China P.R.

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G.J. Sun Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China P.R.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China P.R.

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Z.Y. Zhao Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China P.R.

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Y.C. Liao Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China P.R.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China P.R.

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J.B. Zhang Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China P.R.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China P.R.

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Controlling proliferation and aflatoxin production byAspergillus flavus is a pressing challenge for global food safety and security. Marine bacteriumStaphylococcus saprophyticus strain L-38 showed excellent antifungal activity towardA. flavus in vitro andin vivo. In sealed, non-contact confrontation assays, L-38 completely inhibited conidial germination and mycelial growth ofA. flavus through the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-epoxybutane (3-DE) as the most abundant VOC (32.61% of total peak area, 78% matching). Exposure ofA. flavus cultures to synthetic 3-DE similarly demonstrated strong inhibition of growth. Moreover, culture of L-38 in a sealed chamber with maize or peanuts artificially inoculated withA. flavus, at high water activity, resulted in significant inhibition ofA. flavus germination and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Scanning electron microscopy of these samples revealed severe damage to conidial cells and hyphae compared to samples not exposed to L-38. L-38 also showed broad and effective antifungal activity toward eight other phytopathogenic fungi includingAspergillus niger, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Monilinia fructicola, andBotrytis cinerea. This work introducesS. saprophyticus L-38 as a potential biocontrol agent and demonstrates the efficacy of the volatile 3-DE in the control ofA. flavus and other destructive plant pathogens for post-harvest food safety.

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