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Survey for toxigenicFusarium species on maize kernels in China

In: World Mycotoxin Journal
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P.W. Qin College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenhe Street, Dongling Road No.120, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R.

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J. Xu Plant Protection Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R.

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Y. Jiang Plant Protection Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R.

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L. Hu Plant Protection Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R.

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T. van der Lee Plant Research International, Business Unit Biointeractions, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.

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C. Waalwijk Plant Research International, Business Unit Biointeractions, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.

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W.M. Zhang Plant Protection Station of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110034, China P.R.

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X.D. Xu Plant Protection Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China P.R.

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Maize is currently the most important crop in China. A major concern in maize production is maize ear rot caused byFusarium spp., which results in yield losses, reduction of seed quality and the accumulation of mycotoxins in the harvested grains. To identify the importance of the differentFusarium species in maize infection, we performed a comprehensive survey on 9,000 asymptomatic and randomly collected maize kernels. Seeds were collected from 12 different provinces covering all major maize growing areas in China and included five maize varieties. In total 1,022Fusarium isolates were retrieved that were identified based on morphological characteristics, by species specific diagnostic PCRs and by EF1-α gene sequencing. Eight different species were identified:Fusarium verticillioides (75.34%),Fusarium graminearum (8.32%),Fusarium proliferatum (7.14%),Fusarium subglutinans (4.11%),Fusarium meridionale (1.57%),Fusarium oxysporum (1.37%),Fusarium semitectum (1.17%), andFusarium asiaticum (0.98%). The distribution ofFusarium species was found to be different in different regions with the largest diversity observed in Hubei province, where all eightFusarium species were isolated. Genetic chemotyping within theF. graminearum species complex indicated that all of the 85F. graminearum isolates showed the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype, whereas allF. asiaticum (n=10) andF. meridionale (n=16) isolates had the nivalenol chemotype even when isolated from the same maize field. To our knowledge this is the largest collection ofFusarium isolates from maize and further exploitations of this collection are discussed.

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