Exposure assessment of adult consumers in Serbia, Greece and Croatia to deoxynivalenol and zearalenone through consumption of major wheat-based products
In: World Mycotoxin JournalSearch for other papers by I. Djekic in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by B. Udovicki in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by J.G. Kljusurić in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by M. Papageorgiou in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by J. Jovanovic in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by C. Giotsas in
Current site
Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Ulica grada Vukovara 78, Zagreb, Croatia.
Search for other papers by J. Djugum in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by N. Tomic in
Current site
Google Scholar
Food Technology Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, POB 141, Thessaloniki 574 00, Greece.
Search for other papers by A. Rajkovic in
Current site
Google Scholar
The main objective of this research was to perform an exposure assessment of mycotoxin intake through consumption of wheat-based products in Serbia, Croatia, and Greece by estimating deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) exposure from wheat. Food consumption survey of wheat-based products has been performed during 2017 in the three countries with at least 1000 interviewees per country. Values for the concentration of DON and ZEA were extracted from available research published in this decade. Finally, a Monte Carlo analysis of 100,000 simulations was performed to estimate the intake of DON and ZEA from consumption of wheat-based products. Results revealed that the estimated daily wheat-borne intake of DON of the adult population in Croatia was 0.121 μg/kg bw/day, followed by Greece with 0.181 μg/kg bw/day and Serbia with 0.262 μg/kg bw/day. This shows that 0.25% of Croatian, 1.19% of Greek and 3.96% of Serbian adult population is exposed to higher daily dietary intakes of DON than recommended. Estimated daily wheat-borne intake of ZEA was 0.017 μg/kg bw/day in Greece, 0.026 μg/kg bw/day in Croatia and 0.050 μg/kg bw/day in Serbia. Higher intake of ZEA is associated with 0.62% of the Greek population, followed by 0.95% Croatian and 2.25% of Serbian citizens. This type of research is helpful to assess accurately the risk by DON/ZEA intake associated with the consumption of wheat-based products by consumers in these three countries. Distributions of potential mycotoxin intakes were highly right-skewed.
-
Abbas, H., Mirocha, C., Pawlosky, R. and Pusch, D., 1985. Effect of cleaning, milling, and baking on deoxynivalenol in wheat. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50: 482-486.
'Effect of cleaning, milling, and baking on deoxynivalenol in wheat ' () 50 Applied and Environmental Microbiology : 482 -486 .
-
Aldana, J.R., Silva, L.J., Pena, A., Mañes, J. and Lino, C.M., 2014. Occurrence and risk assessment of zearalenone in flours from Portuguese and Dutch markets. Food Control 45: 51-55.
'Occurrence and risk assessment of zearalenone in flours from Portuguese and Dutch markets ' () 45 Food Control : 51 -55 .
-
Berthiller, F., Crews, C., Dall’Asta, C., Saeger, S.D., Haesaert, G., Karlovsky, P., Oswald, I.P., Seefelder, W., Speijers, G. and Stroka, J., 2013. Masked mycotoxins: a review. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 57: 165-186.
'Masked mycotoxins: a review ' () 57 Molecular Nutrition and Food Research : 165 -186 .
-
Binder, E., Tan, L., Chin, L., Handl, J. and Richard, J., 2007. Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients. Animal Feed Science and Technology 137: 265-282.
'Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients ' () 137 Animal Feed Science and Technology : 265 -282 .
-
Bottalico, A. and Perrone, G., 2002. Toxigenic Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with head blight in small-grain cereals in Europe. European Journal of Plant Pathology 108: 611-624.
'Toxigenic Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with head blight in small-grain cereals in Europe ' () 108 European Journal of Plant Pathology : 611 -624 .
-
Bullerman, L.B. and Bianchini, A., 2007. Stability of mycotoxins during food processing. International Journal of Food Microbiology 119: 140-146.
'Stability of mycotoxins during food processing ' () 119 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 140 -146 .
-
Calori-Domingues, M.A., Bernardi, C.M.G., Nardin, M.S., De Souza, G.V., Dos Santos, F.G.R., De Abreu Stein, M., Da Gloria, E.M., Dos Santos Dias, C.T. and De Camargo, A.C., 2016. Co-occurrence and distribution of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone in wheat from Brazil. Food Additives and Contaminants Part B 9: 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2016.1152598
-
Cano-Sancho, G., Marin, S., Ramos, A. and Sanchis, V., 2012. Occurrence of zearalenone, an oestrogenic mycotoxin, in Catalonia (Spain) and exposure assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50: 835-839.
'Occurrence of zearalenone, an oestrogenic mycotoxin, in Catalonia (Spain) and exposure assessment ' () 50 Food and Chemical Toxicology : 835 -839 .
-
Cano-Sancho, G., Sanchis, V., Ramos, A. and Marín, S., 2013. Effect of food processing on exposure assessment studies with mycotoxins. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A 30: 867-875. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.793824
-
Denardi de Souza, T., Caldas, S.S., Primel, E.G. and Furlong, E.B., 2015. Exposure to deoxynivalenol, HT-2 and T-2 toxins by consumption of wheat-based product in southern Brazil. Food Control 50: 789-793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.015
-
Dropa, T., Hajslova, J., Lancona, K. and Bureskova, I., 2014. The effect of bread-making process on contents of key trichothecene mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol, T-2, and HT-2 toxins. Czech Journal of Food Science 32: 570-577.
'The effect of bread-making process on contents of key trichothecene mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol, T-2, and HT-2 toxins ' () 32 Czech Journal of Food Science : 570 -577 .
-
Edwards, S.G., Dickin, E., MacDonald, S., Buttler, D., Hazel, C., Patel, S. and Scudamore, K., 2011. Distribution of Fusarium mycotoxins in UK wheat mill fractions. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A 28: 1694-1704.
'Distribution of Fusarium mycotoxins in UK wheat mill fractions ' () 28 Food Additives and Contaminants Part A : 1694 -1704 .
-
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2009. General principles for the collection of national food consumption data in the view of a pan-European dietary survey. EFSA Journal 7: 1435. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1435
-
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2011a. Overview of the procedures currently used at EFSA for the assessment of dietary exposure to different chemical substances. EFSA Journal 9: 2490. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2490
-
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2011b. Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food. EFSA Journal 9: 2197.
-
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2013. Deoxynivalenol in food and feed: occurrence and exposure. EFSA Journal 11: 3379. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3379
-
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2016. Appropriateness to set a group health-based guidance value for zearalenone and its modified forms. EFSA Journal 14: e04425.
-
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2017. Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed. EFSA Journal 15: e04851.
-
European Union (EU), 2017. EU cereals balance sheets 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Available at: https://tinyurl.com/y2rvp2ao
-
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), 2018. Cereal supply and demand brief. Available at: http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/
-
Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO), 1995. Application of risk analysis to food standards issues. Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. FAO/WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
-
Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO), 2001. Safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. FAO, Rome, Italy.
-
Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO), 2010. Joint FAO/WHO expert Committee on food additives. Summary and conclusions. FAO, Rome, Italy.
-
Gilbert, J., 1989. Current views on the occurrence and significance of Fusarium toxins. Journal of Applied Microbiology 67: 89s-98s.
'Current views on the occurrence and significance of Fusarium toxins ' () 9 Journal of Applied Microbiology : 2197 -98s .
-
Gonzalez-Osnaya, L. and Farres, A., 2011. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in Fusarium-contaminated wheat in Mexico City. Food Additives and Contaminants Part B 4: 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2011.551944
-
Griessler, K., Rodrigues, I., Handl, J. and Hofstetter, U., 2010. Occurrence of mycotoxins in Southern Europe. World Mycotoxin Journal 3: 301-309.
'Occurrence of mycotoxins in Southern Europe ' () 3 World Mycotoxin Journal : 301 -309 .
-
He, J., Zhou, T., Young, J.C., Boland, G.J. and Scott, P.M., 2010. Chemical and biological transformations for detoxification of trichothecene mycotoxins in human and animal food chains: a review. Trends in Food Science and Technology 21: 67-76.
'Chemical and biological transformations for detoxification of trichothecene mycotoxins in human and animal food chains: a review ' () 21 Trends in Food Science and Technology : 67 -76 .
-
Hsu, C.L., Hurang, S.L., Chen, W., Weng, Y.M. and Tseng, C.Y., 2004. Qualities and antioxidant properties of bread as affected by the incorporation of yam flour in the formulation. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 39: 231-238.
'Qualities and antioxidant properties of bread as affected by the incorporation of yam flour in the formulation ' () 39 International Journal of Food Science and Technology : 231 -238 .
-
Irakli, M.N., Skendi, A. and Papageorgiou, M.D., 2017. HPLC-DAD-FLD method for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins in wheat bran. Journal of Chromatographic Science 55: 690-696.
'HPLC-DAD-FLD method for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins in wheat bran ' () 55 Journal of Chromatographic Science : 690 -696 .
-
Jajić, I., Krstović, S., Kos, J. and Abramović, B., 2014. Incidence of deoxynivalenol in Serbian wheat and barley. Journal of Food Protection 77: 853-858.
'Incidence of deoxynivalenol in Serbian wheat and barley ' () 77 Journal of Food Protection : 853 -858 .
-
Jajić, I.M., Krstović, S.Z., Perišić, B.Č., Jakšić, S.M., Bursić, V.P., Jevtić, R.M. and Abramović, B.F., 2013. Presence of zearalenone in the most commonly grown wheat cultivars in Serbia. Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke: 124: 101-109.
'Presence of zearalenone in the most commonly grown wheat cultivars in Serbia ' () 124 Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke : 101 -109 .
-
Jakšić, S., Abramović, B., Jajić, I., Baloš, M.Ž., Mihaljev, Ž., Despotović, V. and Šojić, D., 2012. Co-occurrence of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol in wheat and maize harvested in Serbia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 89: 615-619.
'Co-occurrence of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol in wheat and maize harvested in Serbia ' () 89 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology : 615 -619 .
-
Khaneghah, A.M., Martins, L.M., Von Hertwig, A.M., Bertoldo, R. and Sant’Ana, A.S., 2018. Deoxynivalenol and its masked forms: characteristics, incidence, control and fate during wheat and wheat-based products processing – a review. Trends in Food Science and Technology 71: 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.012
-
Kimura, M., Tokai, T., Takahashi-Ando, N., Ohsato, S. and Fujimura, M., 2007. Molecular and genetic studies of Fusarium trichothecene biosynthesis: pathways, genes, and evolution. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 71: 2105-2123.
'Molecular and genetic studies of Fusarium trichothecene biosynthesis: pathways, genes, and evolution ' () 71 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry : 2105 -2123 .
-
Knutsen, H.K., Alexander, J., Barregård, L., Bignami, M., Brüschweiler, B., Ceccatelli, S., Cottrill, B., Dinovi, M., Grasl-Kraupp, B. and Hogstrand, C., 2017. Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. EFSA Journal 15: 4718.
'Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed ' () 15 EFSA Journal : 4718 .
-
Krnjaja, V., Tomić, Z., Stanković, S., Petrović, T., Bijelić, Z., Mandić, V. and Obradović, A., 2015. Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 31: 123-131.
'Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat ' () 31 Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry : 123 -131 .
-
Krnjaja, V.S., Lević, J.T., Stanković, S.Ž. and Stepanić, A.M., 2011. Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in wheat grain. Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke 120: 41-48.
'Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in wheat grain ' () 120 Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke : 41 -48 .
-
Kushiro, M., 2008. Effects of milling and cooking processes on the deoxynivalenol content in wheat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9: 2127-2145.
'Effects of milling and cooking processes on the deoxynivalenol content in wheat ' () 9 International Journal of Molecular Sciences : 2127 -2145 .
-
Lancova, K., Hajslova, J., Kostelanska, M., Kohoutkova, J., Nedelnik, J., Moravcova, H. and Vanova, M., 2008. Fate of trichothecene mycotoxins during the processing: milling and baking. Food Additives and Contaminants 25: 650-659.
'Fate of trichothecene mycotoxins during the processing: milling and baking ' () 25 Food Additives and Contaminants : 650 -659 .
-
Leblanc, J.-C., Tard, A., Volatier, J.-L. and Verger, P., 2005. Estimated dietary exposure to principal food mycotoxins from the first French Total Diet Study. Food Additives and Contaminants 22: 652-672.
'Estimated dietary exposure to principal food mycotoxins from the first French Total Diet Study ' () 22 Food Additives and Contaminants : 652 -672 .
-
Li, F., Jiang, D., Zhou, J., Chen, J., Li, W. and Zheng, F., 2016. Mycotoxins in wheat flour and intake assessment in Shandong province of China. Food Additives and Contaminants Part B 9: 170-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2016.1154109
-
Lindboe, M., Henrichsen, E., Høgåsen, H. and Bernhoft, A., 2012. Lead concentration in meat from lead-killed moose and predicted human exposure using Monte Carlo simulation. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A 29: 1052-1057.
'Lead concentration in meat from lead-killed moose and predicted human exposure using Monte Carlo simulation ' () 29 Food Additives and Contaminants Part A : 1052 -1057 .
-
Liu, Y., Lu, Y., Wang, L., Chang, F. and Yang, L., 2015. Survey of 11 mycotoxins in wheat flour in Hebei province, China. Food Additives and Contaminants Part B 8: 250-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2015.1074291
-
Magan, N., Medina, A. and Aldred, D., 2011. Possible climate-change effects on mycotoxin contamination of food crops pre-and postharvest. Plant Pathology 60: 150-163.
'Possible climate-change effects on mycotoxin contamination of food crops pre-and postharvest ' () 60 Plant Pathology : 150 -163 .
-
Manova, R. and Mladenova, R., 2009. Incidence of zearalenone and fumonisins in Bulgarian cereal production. Food Control 20: 362-365.
'Incidence of zearalenone and fumonisins in Bulgarian cereal production ' () 20 Food Control : 362 -365 .
-
Maragos, C., 2010. Zearalenone occurrence and human exposure. World Mycotoxin Journal 3: 369-383.
'Zearalenone occurrence and human exposure ' () 3 World Mycotoxin Journal : 369 -383 .
-
Morales, J.S.S., Rojas, R.M., Pérez-Rodríguez, F., Casas, A.A. and López, M.A.A., 2011. Risk assessment of the lead intake by consumption of red deer and wild boar meat in Southern Spain. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A 28: 1021-1033. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2011.583282
-
Nestle, 2018. Wheat, corn and their products in food. Available at: https://www.nestle-cereals.com.
-
Neuhof, T., Koch, M., Rasenko, T. and Nehls, I., 2008. Occurrence of zearalenone in wheat kernels infected with Fusarium culmorum. World Mycotoxin Journal 1: 429-435.
'Occurrence of zearalenone in wheat kernels infected with Fusarium culmorum ' () 1 World Mycotoxin Journal : 429 -435 .
-
Ordinance, 2017. Regulation on production and trade of bread made from flour type ‘T-500’ In: O.G.o.t.R.o. Serbia (ed.) Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
-
Pacin, A.M., Resnik, S.L. and Martinez, E.J., 2011. Concentrations and exposure estimates of deoxynivalenol in wheat products from Argentina. Food Additives and Contaminants Part B 4: 125-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2011.564401
-
Pascale, M., Haidukowski, M., Lattanzio, V.M.T., Silvestri, M., Ranieri, R. and Visconti, A., 2011. Distribution of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in milling fractions of durum wheat. Journal of Food Protection 74: 1700-1707.
'Distribution of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in milling fractions of durum wheat ' () 74 Journal of Food Protection : 1700 -1707 .
-
Pestka, J.J., 2010. Deoxynivalenol: mechanisms of action, human exposure, and toxicological relevance. Archives of Toxicology 84: 663-679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-010-0579-8
-
Pinton, P., Braicu, C., Nougayrede, J.-P., Laffitte, J., Taranu, I. and Oswald, I.P., 2010. Deoxynivalenol impairs porcine intestinal barrier function and decreases the protein expression of claudin-4 through a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. Journal of Nutrition 140: 1956-1962.
'Deoxynivalenol impairs porcine intestinal barrier function and decreases the protein expression of claudin-4 through a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism ' () 140 Journal of Nutrition : 1956 -1962 .
-
Pleadin, J., Frece, J., Lešić, T., Zadravec, M., Vahčić, N., Malenica Staver, M. and Markov, K., 2017a. Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in unprocessed cereals and soybean from different cultivation regions in Croatia. Food Additives and Contaminants Part B 10: 268-274.
'Deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in unprocessed cereals and soybean from different cultivation regions in Croatia ' () 10 Food Additives and Contaminants Part B : 268 -274 .
-
Pleadin, J., Staver, M.M., Markov, K., Frece, J., Zadravec, M., Jaki, V., Krupić, I. and Vahčić, N., 2017b. Mycotoxins in organic and conventional cereals and cereal products grown and marketed in Croatia. Mycotoxin Research 33: 219-227.
'Mycotoxins in organic and conventional cereals and cereal products grown and marketed in Croatia ' () 33 Mycotoxin Research : 219 -227 .
-
Pleadin, J., Vahčić, N., Perši, N., Ševelj, D., Markov, K. and Frece, J., 2013. Fusarium mycotoxins’ occurrence in cereals harvested from Croatian fields. Food Control 32: 49-54.
'Fusarium mycotoxins’ occurrence in cereals harvested from Croatian fields ' () 32 Food Control : 49 -54 .
-
Regulation, 2018a. Regulation on production and trade of breat type T-500 / Uredba o obaveznoj proizvodnji i prometu hleba od brašna „T-500’. In: O.G.o.t.R.o. Serbia (Ed.). Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
-
Regulation, 2018b. Regulation on qualiy of wheat, bakery products and pasta / Pravilnik o kvalitetu žita, mlinskih i pekarskih proizvoda i testenina. In: O.G.o.t.R.o. Serbia (Ed.). Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
-
Saladino, F., Quiles, J.M., Mañes, J., Fernández-Franzón, M., Luciano, F.B. and Meca, G., 2017. Dietary exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of commercial bread loaf in Valencia, Spain. LWT – Food Science and Technology 75: 697-701.
'Dietary exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of commercial bread loaf in Valencia, Spain ' () 75 LWT – Food Science and Technology : 697 -701 .
-
Sandvik, P., Nydahl, M., Kihlberg, I. and Marklinder, I., 2018. Consumers’ health-related perceptions of bread – implications for labeling and health communication. Appetite 121: 285-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.092
-
Savi, G.D., Piacentini, K.C., Tibola, C.S., Santos, K., Sousa Maria, G. and Scussel, V.M., 2016. Deoxynivalenol in the wheat milling process and wheat-based products and daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population. Food Control 62: 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.029
-
Savi, G.D., Piacentini, K.C., Tibola, C.S. and Scussel, V.M., 2014. Mycoflora and deoxynivalenol in whole wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) from Southern Brazil. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B 7: 232-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2014.898337
-
Siou, D., Gélisse, S., Laval, V., Suffert, F. and Lannou, C., 2015. Mutual exclusion between fungal species of the Fusarium head blight complex in a wheat spike. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81: 4682-4689.
'Mutual exclusion between fungal species of the Fusarium head blight complex in a wheat spike ' () 81 Applied and Environmental Microbiology : 4682 -4689 .
-
Sirot, V., Fremy, J.-M. and Leblanc, J.-C., 2013. Dietary exposure to mycotoxins and health risk assessment in the second French total diet study. Food and Chemical Toxicology 52: 1-11.
'Dietary exposure to mycotoxins and health risk assessment in the second French total diet study ' () 52 Food and Chemical Toxicology : 1 -11 .
-
Skendi, A., Irakli, M.N. and Papageorgiou, M.D., 2016. Optimized and validated high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of deoxynivalenol and aflatoxins in cereals. Journal of Separation Science 39: 1425-1432.
'Optimized and validated high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of deoxynivalenol and aflatoxins in cereals ' () 39 Journal of Separation Science : 1425 -1432 .
-
Stanciu, O., Banc, R., Cozma, A., Filip, L., Miere, D., Mañes, J. and Loghin, F., 2015. Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat from Europe – a review. Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 19: 35-60.
'Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat from Europe – a review ' () 19 Series E: Food Technology : 35 -60 .
-
Sun, J. and Wu, Y., 2016. Evaluation of dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives from cereals in China. Food Control 69: 90-99.
'Evaluation of dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives from cereals in China ' () 69 Food Control : 90 -99 .
-
Sundheim, L., Lillegaard, I.T., Fæste, C.K., Brantsæter, A.-L., Brodal, G. and Eriksen, G.S., 2017. Deoxynivalenol exposure in Norway, risk assessments for different human age groups. Toxins 9: 46.
'Deoxynivalenol exposure in Norway, risk assessments for different human age groups ' () 9 Toxins : 46 .
-
Sununtnasuk, C., 2013. Calculating wheat flour consumption: sources and methods, smarter futures cost and economic benefit training workshop. International Food Policy Research Institute (PHND), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
'Calculating wheat flour consumption: sources and methods, smarter futures cost and economic benefit training workshop ', ().
-
Valle-Algarra, F.M., Mateo, E.M., Medina, A., Mateo, F., Gimeno-Adelantado, J.V. and Jiménez, M., 2009. Changes in ochratoxin A and type B trichothecenes contained in wheat flour during dough fermentation and bread-baking. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A 26: 896-906.
'Changes in ochratoxin A and type B trichothecenes contained in wheat flour during dough fermentation and bread-baking ' () 26 Food Additives and Contaminants Part A : 896 -906 .
-
Van der Fels-Klerx, H.J., Klemsdal, S., Hietaniemi, V., Lindblad, M., Ioannou-Kakouri, E. and Van Asselt, E.D., 2012. Mycotoxin contamination of cereal grain commodities in relation to climate in North West Europe. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A 29: 1581-1592. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2012.689996
-
Vidal, A., Sanchis, V., Ramos, A.J. and Marín, S., 2016. The fate of deoxynivalenol through wheat processing to food products. Current Opinion in Food Science 11: 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2016.09.001
-
Vilone, G., Comiskey, D., Heraud, F. and O’Mahony, C., 2014. Statistical method to assess usual dietary intakes in the European population. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A 31: 1639-1651. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2014.955886
-
Visconti, A., Haidukowski, E.M., Pascale, M. and Silvestri, M., 2004. Reduction of deoxynivalenol during durum wheat processing and spaghetti cooking. Toxicology Letters 153: 181-189.
'Reduction of deoxynivalenol during durum wheat processing and spaghetti cooking ' () 153 Toxicology Letters : 181 -189 .
-
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1993. E1205-93. Standard practice for use of a ceric-cerous dosimetry system. ASTM Annual book of standards. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
-
Ames, B.N., Mccann, J. and Yamasaki, E., 1975. Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test. Mutation Research 31: 347-364.
'Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test ' () 31 Mutation Research : 347 -364 .
-
Anonymous, 2005. Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology Q2 (R1). ICH harmonised tripartite guideline. International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 1-13.
-
Arzandeh, A. and Jinap, S., 2011. Effect of initial aflatoxin concentration, heating time and roasting temperature on aflatoxin reduction in contaminated peanuts and process optimization using response surface modelling. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 46: 485-491.
'Effect of initial aflatoxin concentration, heating time and roasting temperature on aflatoxin reduction in contaminated peanuts and process optimization using response surface modelling ' () 46 International Journal of Food Science and Technology : 485 -491 .
-
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), 2000. Methods 925.40, 940.28, 965.33, and 968.22. Official methods of analysis, 17th edition. AOAC international, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
-
Aygun, S.G., 2015. Detoxification of aflatoxin in peanut meal by heating and gamma irradiation. PhD-thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 1-102.
'Detoxification of aflatoxin in peanut meal by heating and gamma irradiation ', () 1 -102 .
-
Castro, L. and Vargas, E.A., 2001. Determining aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in maize using florisil clean up with thin layer chromatography and visual and densitometric quantification. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos 21: 115-122.
'Determining aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in maize using florisil clean up with thin layer chromatography and visual and densitometric quantification ' () 21 Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos : 115 -122 .
-
Choe, E. and Min, D.B., 2006. Mechanisms and factors for edible oil oxidation. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 5: 169-186.
'Mechanisms and factors for edible oil oxidation ' () 5 Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety : 169 -186 .
-
Codex Alimentarius, 2013. Codex standard for named vegetable oils. Codex stan 200-1999. FAO, Rome, Italy, pp. 1-16.
'Codex standard for named vegetable oils ', () 1 -16 .
-
Codex Alimentarius, 2018. Code of hygienic practice for groundnuts (peanuts). CAC/RCP 22-1979. FAO, Rome, Italy. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/y6ksf4zm.
-
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), 2003. Mycotoxins: risks in plant, animal and human systems. Task force report No. 139. Ames, IA, USA.
-
Dyck, P., Van, J., Tobback, P., Feys, M. and Vande, V.H., 1982. Sensitivity of aflatoxin B1 to ionizing radiation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43: 1317-1319.
'Sensitivity of aflatoxin B1 to ionizing radiation ' () 43 Applied and Environmental Microbiology : 1317 -1319 .
-
Feuell, A.J., 1966. Aflatoxin in groundnuts: problems of detoxification. Tropical Science 8: 61-70.
'Aflatoxin in groundnuts: problems of detoxification ' () 8 Tropical Science : 61 -70 .
-
Garg, N., Agrawal, M., Javed, S. and Khandal, R.K., 2013. Studies for optimization of conditions for reducing aflatoxin contamination in peanuts using ultraviolet radiations. International Journal of Drug Development and Research 5: 408-424.
'Studies for optimization of conditions for reducing aflatoxin contamination in peanuts using ultraviolet radiations ' () 5 International Journal of Drug Development and Research : 408 -424 .
-
Grasso, E.M., Grove, S.F., Halik, L.A., Arritt, F. and Keller, S.E., 2015. Cleaning and sanitation of Salmonella-contaminated peanut butter processing equipment. Food Microbiology 46: 100-106.
'Cleaning and sanitation of Salmonella-contaminated peanut butter processing equipment ' () 46 Food Microbiology : 100 -106 .
-
Hajare, S., Dhokane, V., Shashidhar, R., Saroj, S.D., Sharma, A. and Bandekar, J.R., 2006. Radiation processing of minimally processed pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.): effect on nutritional and sensory quality. Journal of Food Science 71: 501-505.
'Radiation processing of minimally processed pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.): effect on nutritional and sensory quality ' () 71 Journal of Food Science : 501 -505 .
-
Hajare, S.N., Gautam, S., Nair, A.B. and Sharma, A., 2014. Formulation of a nasogastric liquid feed and shelf-life extension using gamma radiation. Journal of Food Protection 77: 1308-1316.
'Formulation of a nasogastric liquid feed and shelf-life extension using gamma radiation ' () 77 Journal of Food Protection : 1308 -1316 .
-
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1993. Some naturally occurring substances: food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol. 56. IARC, Lyon, France.
-
Iqbal, S.Z., Bhatti, I.A., Asi, M.R., Zuber, M., Shahid, M. and Parveen, I., 2013. Effect of gamma irradiation on fungal load and aflatoxins reduction in red chilies. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 82: 80-84.
'Effect of gamma irradiation on fungal load and aflatoxins reduction in red chilies ' () 82 Radiation Physics and Chemistry : 80 -84 .
-
Ismail, A., Goncalves, B.L., Neeff, D.V., Ponzilacqua, B., Coppa, C.F.S.C., Hintzsche, H., Sajid, M., Cruz, A.G., Corassin, C.H. and Oliveira C.A.F., 2018. Aflatoxin in foodstuffs: occurrence and recent advances in decontamination. Food Research International 113: 74-85.
'Aflatoxin in foodstuffs: occurrence and recent advances in decontamination ' () 113 Food Research International : 74 -85 .
-
Jabłońska, J. and Mańkowska, D., 2014. The influence of UV, X and microwave radiation on the aflatoxin B1 concentration in nuts. Biotechnology and Food Science 78: 111-119.
'The influence of UV, X and microwave radiation on the aflatoxin B1 concentration in nuts ' () 78 Biotechnology and Food Science : 111 -119 .
-
Malheiro, R., Casal, S., Ramalhosa, E. and Pereira, J.A., 2011. Advances in induction and microwave heating of mineral and organic materials. In: Grundas, S.Å. (eds.) Microwave heating: a time saving technology or a way to induce vegetable oils oxidation? InTech Publishing Inc., London, UK, pp. 597-614.
'Advances in induction and microwave heating of mineral and organic materials ', in Microwave heating: a time saving technology or a way to induce vegetable oils oxidation? , () 597 -614 .
-
Markov, K., Mihaljevi, B., Domijan, A.M., Pleadin, J., Delas, F. and Frece, J., 2015. Inactivation of aflatoxigenic fungi and the reduction of aflatoxin B1in vitro and in situ using gamma irradiation. Food Control 54: 79-85.
'Inactivation of aflatoxigenic fungi and the reduction of aflatoxin B1in vitro and in situ using gamma irradiation ' () 54 Food Control : 79 -85 .
-
Mexis, S.F. and Kontaminas, M.G., 2009a. Effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical and sensory properties of raw unpeeled almond kernels (Prunus dulcis). Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 10: 87-92.
'Effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical and sensory properties of raw unpeeled almond kernels (Prunus dulcis) ' () 10 Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies : 87 -92 .
-
Mexis, S.F. and Kontominas, M.G., 2009b. Effect of gamma irradiation on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of raw shelled peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 89: 867-875.
'Effect of gamma irradiation on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of raw shelled peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) ' () 89 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture : 867 -875 .
-
Nagraj, G., 2009. Oilseeds: properties, processing, products and procedures. New India Publishing Agency, PitamPura, India.
-
Pankaj, S.K., Shi, H. and Keener, K.M., 2018. A review of novel physical and chemical decontamination technologies for aflatoxin in food. Trends in Food Science and Technology 71: 73-83.
'A review of novel physical and chemical decontamination technologies for aflatoxin in food ' () 71 Trends in Food Science and Technology : 73 -83 .
-
Pereira, E., Barros, L., Antonio, A.L., Verde, S.C., Santos-Buelga, C., Ferreira, I.C.F.R. and Rodrigues, P., 2017. Is gamma radiation suitable to preserve phenolic compounds and to decontaminate mycotoxins in aromatic plants? A case-study with Aloysia citrodora Paláu. Molecules 22: 347.
'Is gamma radiation suitable to preserve phenolic compounds and to decontaminate mycotoxins in aromatic plants? ' () 22 Molecules : 347 .
-
Pluyer, H.R., Ahmed, E.M. and Wei, C.I., 1987. Destruction of aflatoxins on peanuts by oven and microwave roasting. Journal of Food Protection 50: 504-508.
'Destruction of aflatoxins on peanuts by oven and microwave roasting ' () 50 Journal of Food Protection : 504 -508 .
-
Sashidhar, R.B., 1993. Fate of aflatoxin B1 during the industrial production of edible defatted peanut protein flour from raw peanuts. Food Chemistry 48: 349-352.
'Fate of aflatoxin B1 during the industrial production of edible defatted peanut protein flour from raw peanuts ' () 48 Food Chemistry : 349 -352 .
-
Udomkun, P., Wiredu, A.N., Nagle, M., Muller, J., Vanlauwe, B. and Bandopadhyay, R., 2017. Innovative technologies to manage aflatoxins in foods and feeds and the profitability of application – a review. Food Control 76: 127-138.
'Innovative technologies to manage aflatoxins in foods and feeds and the profitability of application – a review ' () 76 Food Control : 127 -138 .
-
Vita, D.S., Rosa, P. and Giuseppe, A., 2014. Effect of gamma irradiation on aflatoxins and ochratoxin A reduction in almond samples. Journal of Food Research 3: 113-118.
'Effect of gamma irradiation on aflatoxins and ochratoxin A reduction in almond samples ' () 3 Journal of Food Research : 113 -118 .
-
Waltking, A.E., 1971. Fate of aflatoxin during roasting and storage of contaminated peanut products. Journal of AOAC International 54: 533-539.
'Fate of aflatoxin during roasting and storage of contaminated peanut products ' () 54 Journal of AOAC International : 533 -539 .
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 284 | 99 | 14 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 142 | 69 | 3 |
Exposure assessment of adult consumers in Serbia, Greece and Croatia to deoxynivalenol and zearalenone through consumption of major wheat-based products
In: World Mycotoxin JournalSearch for other papers by I. Djekic in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by B. Udovicki in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by J.G. Kljusurić in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M. Papageorgiou in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by J. Jovanovic in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by C. Giotsas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ministry of Agriculture, Ulica grada Vukovara 78, Zagreb, Croatia.
Search for other papers by J. Djugum in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by N. Tomic in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Food Technology Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, POB 141, Thessaloniki 574 00, Greece.
Search for other papers by A. Rajkovic in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
The main objective of this research was to perform an exposure assessment of mycotoxin intake through consumption of wheat-based products in Serbia, Croatia, and Greece by estimating deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) exposure from wheat. Food consumption survey of wheat-based products has been performed during 2017 in the three countries with at least 1000 interviewees per country. Values for the concentration of DON and ZEA were extracted from available research published in this decade. Finally, a Monte Carlo analysis of 100,000 simulations was performed to estimate the intake of DON and ZEA from consumption of wheat-based products. Results revealed that the estimated daily wheat-borne intake of DON of the adult population in Croatia was 0.121 μg/kg bw/day, followed by Greece with 0.181 μg/kg bw/day and Serbia with 0.262 μg/kg bw/day. This shows that 0.25% of Croatian, 1.19% of Greek and 3.96% of Serbian adult population is exposed to higher daily dietary intakes of DON than recommended. Estimated daily wheat-borne intake of ZEA was 0.017 μg/kg bw/day in Greece, 0.026 μg/kg bw/day in Croatia and 0.050 μg/kg bw/day in Serbia. Higher intake of ZEA is associated with 0.62% of the Greek population, followed by 0.95% Croatian and 2.25% of Serbian citizens. This type of research is helpful to assess accurately the risk by DON/ZEA intake associated with the consumption of wheat-based products by consumers in these three countries. Distributions of potential mycotoxin intakes were highly right-skewed.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 284 | 99 | 14 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 142 | 69 | 3 |
