The effect ofRhodococcus rhodochrous supplementation on black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) development, nutrition, and waste conversion
In: Journal of Insects as Food and FeedSearch for other papers by K. Franks in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by E. Kooienga in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by M. Sanders in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by K. Pendarvis in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by F. Yang in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by J.K. Tomberlin in
Current site
Google Scholar
Search for other papers by H.R. Jordan in
Current site
Google Scholar
Black soldier fly larvae are mass produced globally for use as livestock, poultry, and aquaculture feed. Efforts are continuously seeking processes optimising larval rate of growth, size, and waste conversion as a means to lower cost and increase output. Manipulating microbes in the larval substrate (i.e. fermentation or supplementation) has been demonstrated as a potential solution. However, identifying appropriate microbes for use in this process has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementing black soldier fly larvae with the oleaginous microbeRhodococcus rhodochrous would result in accelerated larval development, increased final larval body size, and increased conversion efficiency. Larvae fed a sterile, or non-sterile, diet treated withR. rhodochrous grew 3× faster than the control by the third day and were approximately 2× larger than the control by the conclusion of the experiment. Conversion rate was 2× greater for the treatments indicating less feed would be needed to achieve maximum weight gain. Protein composition of resulting larvae fed diet supplemented withR. rhodochrous, was significantly different than the control not receiving the microbial infusion. Larvae provided the microbe had 4.20 and 2.79% greater fatty acid composition and short-chained fatty acids, respectively, but lower monounsaturated fatty acids (1.60%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (2.4%). Furthermore, larvae providedR. rhodochrous produced significantly more proteins related to energy production and storage, as well as muscle development and contraction, while thosesans microbe, produced proteins related to stress responses (e.g. heat shock proteins). While, this study yielded positive results for the inclusion ofR. rhodochrous as part of the black soldier fly larval diet, additional research is needed to optimise the dose at an industrial scale.
-
Adhikari, M., Paudel, K.P., Martin, N.R. and Gauthier, W.M., 2005. Economics of dairy waste use as fertilizer in central Texas. Waste Management 25: 1067-1074.
'Economics of dairy waste use as fertilizer in central Texas ' () 25 Waste Management : 1067 -1074.
-
Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), 2016. 2016 AAFCO Annual Meeting Agenda and Committee Reports. Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 112 pp. Available at:https://tinyurl.com/y2dyjye6.
-
Banks, I.J., Gibson, W.T. and Cameron, M.M., 2014. Growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation. Tropical Medicine and International Health 19: 14-22.
'Growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation ' () 19 Tropical Medicine and International Health : 14 -22.
-
Berasategui, A., Shukla, S., Salem, H. and Kaltenpoth, M., 2016. Potential applications of insect symbionts in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100: 1567-1577.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-7186-9
-
Beskin, K.V., Holcomb, C.D., Cammack, J.A., Crippen, T.L., Knap, A.H., Sweet, S.T. and Tomberlin, J.K., 2018. Larval digestion of different manure types by the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) impacts associated volatile emissions. Waste Management 74: 213-220.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.019
-
Bondari, K. and Sheppard, D.C., 1981. Black soldier fly larvae as a feed in commercial fish production. Aquaculture 24: 103-109.
'Black soldier fly larvae as a feed in commercial fish production ' () 24 Aquaculture : 103 -109.
-
Bondari, K. and Sheppard, D.C., 1987. Soldier flyHermetia illucens L., as feed for channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), and blue tilapia,Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 18: 209-220.
'Soldier flyHermetia illucens L., as feed for channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), and blue tilapia,Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) ' () 18 Aquaculture and Fisheries Management : 209 -220.
-
Brink, D.P., Ravi, K., Liden, G. and Gorwa-Grauslund, M.F., 2019. Mapping the diversity of microbial lignin catabolism: experiences from the eLignin database. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology 103: 3979-4002.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09692-4
-
Buyer, J.S. and Sasser, M., 2012. High throughput phospholipid fatty acid analysis of soils. Applied Soil Ecology 61: 127-130.
'High throughput phospholipid fatty acid analysis of soils ' () 61 Applied Soil Ecology : 127 -130.
-
Choi, W.H. and Jiang, M., 2014. Evalaution of antibacterial activity of hexanedioic acid isolated fromHermetia illucens larvae. Journal of Applied Biomedicine 12: 179-189.
'Evalaution of antibacterial activity of hexanedioic acid isolated fromHermetia illucens larvae ' () 12 Journal of Applied Biomedicine : 179 -189.
-
Diether, N.E. and Willing, B.P., 2019. Microbial fermentation of dietary protein: an important factor in diet(-)microbe(-)host interaction. Microorganisms 7: 7010019.https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7010019
-
Engel, P. and Moran, N.A., 2013a. Functional and evolutionary insights into the simple yet specific gut microbiota of the honey bee from metagenomic analysis. Gut Microbes 4: 60-65.https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.22517
-
Engel, P. and Moran, N.A., 2013b. The gut microbiota of insects – diversity in structure and function. FEMS Microbiology Review 37: 699-735.https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6976.12025
-
Erdmann, G.R., 1987. Antibacterial action of myiasis-causing flies. Parasitology Today 3: 214-216.https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(87)90062-7
-
Erdmann, G.R. and Khalil, S.K.W., 1986. Isolation and identification of two antibacterial agents produced by a strain ofProteus mirabilis isolated from larvae of the screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Journal of Medical Entomology 23: 208-211.
'Isolation and identification of two antibacterial agents produced by a strain ofProteus mirabilis isolated from larvae of the screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) ' () 23 Journal of Medical Entomology : 208 -211.
-
Erickson, M.C., Islam, M., Sheppard, C., Liao, J. and Doyle, M.P., 2004. Reduction ofEscherichia coli O157:H7 andSalmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis in chicken manure by larvae of the black soldier fly. Journal of Food Protection 67: 685-690.
'Reduction ofEscherichia coli O157:H7 andSalmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis in chicken manure by larvae of the black soldier fly ' () 67 Journal of Food Protection : 685 -690.
-
Fan, Y.Y. and Chapkin, R.S., 1998. Importance of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition. Journal of Nutrition 128: 1411-1414.https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/128.9.1411
-
Fan, Y.Y., Ramos, K.S. and Chapkin, R.S., 1995. Dietary gamma-linolenic acid modulates macrophage-vascular smooth muscle cell interactions. Evidence for a macrophage-derived soluble factor that downregulates DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 15: 1397-1403.https://doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.15.9.1397
-
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2009. How to feed the world in 2050. FAO, Rome, Italy, 35 pp. Available at:https://tinyurl.com/yyltck9s.
-
Field, C.J., Blewett, H.H., Proctor, S. and Vine, D., 2009. Human health benefits of vaccenic acid. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34: 979-991.https://doi.org/10.1139/H09-079
-
Gold, M., Tomberlin, J.K., Diener, S., Zurbrugg, C. and Mathys, A., 2018. Decomposition of biowaste macronutrients, microbes, and chemicals in black soldier fly larval treatment: a review. Waste Management 82: 302-318.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.022
-
Gong, Y., Guo, X., Wan, X., Liang, Z. and Jiang, M., 2013. Triacylglycerol accumulation and change in fatty acid content of four marine oleaginous microalgae under nutrient limitation and at different culture ages. Journal of Basic Microbiology 53: 29-36.
'Triacylglycerol accumulation and change in fatty acid content of four marine oleaginous microalgae under nutrient limitation and at different culture ages ' () 53 Journal of Basic Microbiology : 29 -36.
-
Goswami, L., Arul Manikandan, N., Pakshirajan, K. and Pugazhenthi, G., 2017a. Simultaneous heavy metal removal and anthracene biodegradation by the oleaginous bacteriaRhodococcus opacus. 3 Biotech 7: 37.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0597-1
-
Goswami, L., Namboodiri, T., Vinoth Kumar, M., Pakshirajan, K. and Pugazhenthi, G., 2017b. Biodiesel production potential of oleaginousRhodococcus opacus grown on biomass gasification wastewater. Renewable Energy 105: 400-406.
'Biodiesel production potential of oleaginousRhodococcus opacus grown on biomass gasification wastewater ' () 105 Renewable Energy : 400 -406.
-
Greenberg, B., 1968. Model for destruction of bacteria in the midgut of blow fly maggots. Journal of Medical Entomology 5: 31-38.
'Model for destruction of bacteria in the midgut of blow fly maggots ' () 5 Journal of Medical Entomology : 31 -38.
-
Guo, P., Zhang, K., Ma, X. and He, P., 2020.Clostridium species as probiotics: potentials and challenges. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 11: 24.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0402-1
-
Haas, W., Faherty, B.K., Gerber, S.A., Elias, J.E., Beausoleil, S.A., Bakalarski, C.E., Li, X., Villen, J. and Gygi, S.P., 2006. Optimization and use of peptide mass measurement accuracy in shotgun proteomics. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 5: 1326-1337.https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M500339-MCP200
-
Hasnol, S., Kiatkittipong, K., Kiattittipong, W., Wong, C.Y., Khe, C.S., Lam, M.K., Show, P.L., Oh, W.D., Chew, T.L. and Lim, J.W., 2020. A Review on insights for green production of unconventional protein and energy sources derived from the larval biomass of black soldier fly. Processes 8: 523.
'A Review on insights for green production of unconventional protein and energy sources derived from the larval biomass of black soldier fly ' () 8 Processes : 523.
-
Herrero, O.M., Villalba, M.S., Lanfranconi, M.P. and Alvarez, H.M., 2018.Rhodococcus bacteria as a promising source of oils from olive mill wastes. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 34: 114.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-018-2499-3
-
Hogsette, J.A., 1992. New diets for production of house flies and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in the laboratory. Journal of Economic Entomology 85: 2291-2294.
'New diets for production of house flies and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in the laboratory ' () 85 Journal of Economic Entomology : 2291 -2294.
-
Illiano, P., Brambilla, R. and Parolini, C., 2020. The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease. FEBS Journal 287: 833-855.https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15217
-
Johannsen, O.A., 1922. Stratiomyid larvae and puparia of the North Eastern States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 30: 141-153.
'Stratiomyid larvae and puparia of the North Eastern States ' () 30 Journal of the New York Entomological Society : 141 -153.
-
Lalander, C.H., Fidjeland, J., Diener, S., Ericksson, S. and Vinerås, B., 2015. High waste-to-biomass conversion and efficientSalmonella spp. reduction using black soldier fly for waste recycling. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 35: 261-271.
'High waste-to-biomass conversion and efficientSalmonella spp. reduction using black soldier fly for waste recycling ' () 35 Agronomy for Sustainable Development : 261 -271.
-
Le, R.K., Mahan, K.M. and Ragauskas, A.J., 2019.Rhodococcus andYarrowia-based lipid production using lignin-containing industrial residues. Methods in Molecular Biology 1995: 103-120.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_5
-
Li, Q., Zheng, L., Qiu, N., Cai, H., Tomberlin, J.K. and Yu, Z., 2011. Bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for biodiesel and sugar production. Waste Management 31: 1316-1320.
'Bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for biodiesel and sugar production ' () 31 Waste Management : 1316 -1320.
-
Liang, M.H. and Jiang, J.G., 2013. Advancing oleaginous microorganisms to produce lipid via metabolic engineering technology. Progress in Lipid Research 52: 395-408.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2013.05.002
-
Liang, Y., Maeda, Y., Sunaga, Y., Muto, M., Matsumoto, M., Yoshino, T. and Tanaka, T., 2013. Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oleaginous marine diatomFistulifera sp. strain JPCC DA0580. Marine Drugs 11: 5008-5023.https://doi.org/10.3390/md11125008
-
Lim, J.W., Mohd-Noor, S.N., Wong, C.Y., Lam, M.K., Goh, P.S., Beniers, J.J.A., Oh, W.D., Jumbri, K. and Ghani, N.A., 2019. Palatability of black soldier fly larvae in valorizing mixed waste coconut endosperm and soybean curd residue into larval lipid and protein sources. Journal of Environmental Management 231: 129-136.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.022
-
Liu, Q., Tomberlin, J.K., Brady, J.A., Sanford, M.R. and Yu, Z., 2008. Black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae reduceEscherichia coli in dairy manure. Environmental Entomology 37: 1525-1530.https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x-37.6.1525
-
Maeda, M., Chung, S.Y., Song, E. and Kudo, T., 1995. Multiple genes encoding 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase in the gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacteriumRhodococcus erythropolis TA421, isolated from a termite ecosystem. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 549-555.https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.61.2.549-555.1995
-
Mahan, K.M., Le, R.K., Wells, T., Jr., Anderson, S., Yuan, J.S., Stoklosa, R.J., Bhalla, A., Hodge, D.B. and Ragauskas, A.J., 2018. Production of single cell protein from agro-waste usingRhodococcus opacus. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 45: 795-801.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-018-2043-3
-
Martelly, I., Molla, A., Thomasset, M. and Le Moigne, A., 1983. Planarian regeneration:in vivo andin vitro effects of calcium and calmodulin on DNA synthesis. Cell Differentiation 13: 25-34.https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6039(83)90073-8
-
Myers, H.M., Tomberlin, J.K., Lambert, B.D. and Kattes, D., 2008. Development of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae fed dairy manure. Environmental Entomology 37: 11-15.
'Development of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae fed dairy manure ' () 37 Environmental Entomology : 11 -15.
-
Nelson, H.B., Heiman, R.G., Bolduc, C., Kovalick, G.E., Whitley, P., Stern, M. and Beckingham, K., 1997. Calmodulin point mutations affectDrosophila development and behavior. Genetics 147: 1783-1798.
'Calmodulin point mutations affectDrosophila development and behavior ' () 147 Genetics : 1783 -1798.
-
Nguyen, T.T.X., Tomberlin, J.K. and Vanlaerhoven, S., 2015. Ability of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae to recycle food waste. Environmental Entomology 44: 406-410.https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvv002
-
Nguyen, T.T.X., Tomberlin, J.K. and VanLaerhoven, S.L., 2013. Influences of resources onHermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larval development. Journal of Medical Entomology 50: 898-906.
'Influences of resources onHermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larval development ' () 50 Journal of Medical Entomology : 898 -906.
-
Nunez, E., Muguruza-Montero, A. and Villarroel, A., 2020. Atomistic insights of calmodulin gating of complete ion channels. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(4): 1285.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041285
-
Oonincx, D.G.A.B., Van Huis, A. and Van Loon, J.J.A., 2015. Nutrient utilisation by black soldier flies with chicken, pig, or cow manure. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1: 131-139.https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2014.0023
-
Ptaszynska, A.A., Borsuk, G., Zdybicka-Barabas, A., Cytrynska, M. and Malek, W., 2016. Are commercial probiotics and prebiotics effective in the treatment and prevention of honeybee nosemosis C? Parasitology Research 115: 397-406.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4761-z
-
Ray, D.K., Mueller, N.D., West, P.C. and Foley, J.A., 2013. Yield trends are insufficient to double global crop production by 2050. PLoS One 8: e66428.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066428
-
Rehman, K.U., Ur Rehman, R., Somroo, A.A., Cai, M., Zheng, L., Xiao, X., Ur Rehman, A., Rehman, A., Tomberlin, J.K., Yu, Z. and Zhang, J., 2019. Enhanced bioconversion of dairy and chicken manure by the interaction of exogenous bacteria and black soldier fly larvae. Journal of Environmental Management 237: 75-83.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.048
-
Salomone, R., Saija, G., Mondello, G., Giannetto, A., Fasulo, S. and Savastano, D., 2017. Environmental impact of food waste bioconversion by insects: application of life cycle assessment to process usingHermetia illucens. Journal of Cleaner Production 140(2): 890-905.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.154
-
Sanderson, K., 2011. Lignocellulose: a chewy problem. Nature 474: S12-14.https://doi.org/10.1038/474S012a
-
Schmittgen, T.D. and Livak, K.J., 2008. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nature Protocols 3: 1101-1108.https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.73
-
Shelomi, M., Wu, M.K., Chen, S.M., Huang, J.J. and Burke, C.G., 2020. Microbes associated with black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomiidae) degradation of food waste. Environmental Entomology 49: 405-411.https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz164
-
Sheppard, D.C., Newton, G.L., Thompson, S.A. and Savage, S., 1994. A value added manure management system using the black soldier fly. Bioresource Technology 50: 275-279.
'A value added manure management system using the black soldier fly ' () 50 Bioresource Technology : 275 -279.
-
Sheppard, D.C., Tomberlin, J.K., Joyce, J.A., Kiser, B. and Sumner, S.M., 2002. Rearing methods for the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 39: 695-698.
'Rearing methods for the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) ' () 39 Journal of Medical Entomology : 695 -698.
-
Skonieczna-Zydecka, K., Janda, K., Kaczmarczyk, M., Marlicz, W., Loniewski, I. and Loniewska, B., 2020. The effect of probiotics on symptoms, gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in infantile colic: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9: 999.https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040999
-
Srinophakun, P., Thanapimmetha, A., Rattanaphanyapan, K., Sahaya, T. and Saisriyoot, M., 2017. Feedstock production for third generatino biofuels through cultivation ofArthrobacter AK19 under stress conditions. Journal of Cleaner Production 142(3): 1259-1266.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.068
-
St. Hilaire, S., Cranfill, K., McGuire, M.A., Mosley, E.E., Tomberlin, J.K., Newton, L., Sealey, W., Sheppard, C. and Irving, S., 2007a. Fish offal recycling by the black soldier fly produces a foodstuff high in omega-3 fatty acids. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 38: 309-313.
'Fish offal recycling by the black soldier fly produces a foodstuff high in omega-3 fatty acids ' () 38 Journal of the World Aquaculture Society : 309 -313.
-
St. Hilaire, S., Sheppard, C., Tomberlin, J.K., Irving, S., McGuire, M.A., Mosley, E.E., Hardy, R.W. and Sealey, W., 2007b. Fly prepupae as a feedstuff for rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 38: 59-67.
'Fly prepupae as a feedstuff for rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss ' () 38 Journal of the World Aquaculture Society : 59 -67.
-
Surendra, K.C., Olivier, R., Tomberlin, J.K., Jha, R. and Khanal, S.K., 2016. Bioconversion of organic wastes into biodiesel and animal feed via insect farming. Renewable Energy 98: 197-202.
'Bioconversion of organic wastes into biodiesel and animal feed via insect farming ' () 98 Renewable Energy : 197 -202.
-
Takuwa, N., Zhou, W. and Takuwa, Y., 1995b. Calcium, calmodulin and cell cycle progression. Cellular Signalling 7: 93-104.https://doi.org/10.1016/0898-6568(94)00074-l
-
Takuwa, N., Zhou, W., Kumada, M. and Takuwa, Y., 1995a. Involvement of intact inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ stores in cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary in serum-stimulated human fibroblasts. FEBS Letters 360: 173-176.https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(95)00080-s
-
Uyeno, Y., Shigemori, S. and Shimosato, T., 2015. Effect of probiotics/prebiotics on cattle health and productivity. Microbes and Environments 30: 126-132.https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME14176
-
Van Huis, A., 2013. Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Annual Review of Entomology 58: 563-583.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153704
-
Van Huis, A., Van Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G. and Vantomme, P., 2013. Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 201 pp. Available at:http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3253e/i3253e.pdf.
-
Wang, Y., Sun, J., Zhong, H., Li, N., Xu, H., Zhu, Q. and Liu, Y., 2017. Effect of probiotics on the meat flavour and gut microbiota of chicken. Scientific Reports 7: 6400.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06677-z
-
Wong, C.Y., Ho, Y.C., Lim, J.W., Show, P.L., Chong, S., Chan, Y.J., Ho, C.D., Mohamed, M., Wu, T.Y., Lam, M.K. and Pan, G.T., 2020a.In-situ yeast fermentation medium in fortifying protein and lipid accumulations in the harvested larval biomass of black soldier fly. Processes 8: 337.https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030337
-
Wong, C.Y., Lim, J.W., Chong, F.K., Lam, M.K., Uemura, Y., Tan, W.N., Bashir, M.J.K., Lam, S.M., Sin, J.C. and Lam, S.S., 2020b. Valorization of exo-microbial fermented coconut endosperm waste by black soldier fly larvae for simultaneous biodiesel and protein productions. Environmetnal Research 185: 109458.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109458
-
Wong, C.Y., Rosli, S., Uemura, Y., Ho, Y.C., Leejeerajumnean, A., Kaczmarczyk, W., Cheng, C., Lam, M.K. and Lim, J.W., 2019. Potential protein and biodiesel sources from black soldier fly larvae: insights of larval harvesting instar and fermented feeding medium. Energies 12: 1570.https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081570
-
Wright, M.L., Pendarvis, K., Nanduri, B., Edelmann, M.J., Jenkins, H.N., Reddy, J.S., Wilson, J.G., Ding, X., Broadway, P.R., Ammari, M.G., Paul, O., Roberts, B. and Donaldson, J.R., 2016. The effect of oxygen on bile resistance inListeria monocytogenes. Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics 9: 107-119.https://doi.org/10.4172/jpb.1000396
-
Yu, G., Cheng, P., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Yang, Z., Chen, Y. and Tomberlin, J.K., 2011. Inoculating poultry manure with companion bacteria influences growth and development of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. Environmental Entomology 40: 30-35.https://doi.org/10.1603/en10126
-
Zheng, L., Crippen, T.L., Holmes, L., Singh, B., Pimsler, M.L., Benbow, M.E., Tarone, A.M., Dowd, S., Yu, Z., Vanlaerhoven, S.L., Wood, T.K. and Tomberlin, J.K., 2013a. Bacteria mediate oviposition by the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens (L.), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Scientific Reports 3: 2563.https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02563
-
Zheng, L., Crippen, T.L., Singh, B., Tarone, A.M., Dowd, S., Yu, Z., Wood, T.K. and Tomberlin, J.K., 2013b. Bacterial diversity from successive life stages of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) using 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. Journal of Medical Entomology 50: 647-658.
'Bacterial diversity from successive life stages of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) using 16S rDNA pyrosequencing ' () 50 Journal of Medical Entomology : 647 -658.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 765 | 228 | 23 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 624 | 179 | 12 |
The effect ofRhodococcus rhodochrous supplementation on black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) development, nutrition, and waste conversion
In: Journal of Insects as Food and FeedSearch for other papers by K. Franks in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by E. Kooienga in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M. Sanders in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by K. Pendarvis in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by F. Yang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by J.K. Tomberlin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by H.R. Jordan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Black soldier fly larvae are mass produced globally for use as livestock, poultry, and aquaculture feed. Efforts are continuously seeking processes optimising larval rate of growth, size, and waste conversion as a means to lower cost and increase output. Manipulating microbes in the larval substrate (i.e. fermentation or supplementation) has been demonstrated as a potential solution. However, identifying appropriate microbes for use in this process has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementing black soldier fly larvae with the oleaginous microbeRhodococcus rhodochrous would result in accelerated larval development, increased final larval body size, and increased conversion efficiency. Larvae fed a sterile, or non-sterile, diet treated withR. rhodochrous grew 3× faster than the control by the third day and were approximately 2× larger than the control by the conclusion of the experiment. Conversion rate was 2× greater for the treatments indicating less feed would be needed to achieve maximum weight gain. Protein composition of resulting larvae fed diet supplemented withR. rhodochrous, was significantly different than the control not receiving the microbial infusion. Larvae provided the microbe had 4.20 and 2.79% greater fatty acid composition and short-chained fatty acids, respectively, but lower monounsaturated fatty acids (1.60%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (2.4%). Furthermore, larvae providedR. rhodochrous produced significantly more proteins related to energy production and storage, as well as muscle development and contraction, while thosesans microbe, produced proteins related to stress responses (e.g. heat shock proteins). While, this study yielded positive results for the inclusion ofR. rhodochrous as part of the black soldier fly larval diet, additional research is needed to optimise the dose at an industrial scale.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 765 | 228 | 23 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 624 | 179 | 12 |
