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Locomotion asymmetry in young Standardbred trotters in training and links to future racing career
in Comparative Exercise PhysiologySearch for other papers by A. Jansson in
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This study evaluated whether front and hind limb symmetry patterns observed from 1.5 through 3 years of age in Standardbred trotters in training affect racing activity at older age. The hypothesis tested was that asymmetries observed during this period are linked to reduced number of lifetime races and low earnings. Sixteen Standardbreds were subjected to a controlled training and dietary programme from the age of 1.5 years until December as 3-year-olds (P1) and then continued their career with other trainers. On 17 occasions during P1, locomotion asymmetry (vector sum) in front and hind limbs during trot in hand was recorded with a sensor-based system. By 10 years of age, data on lifetime number of races and earnings of the horses were obtained from the Swedish Trotting Association. Horses were divided in groups based on the number of lifetime races performed, i.e. more or less than the median of the cohort born the same year. Mean asymmetry levels did not differ between horses performing more or less lifetime races than the cohort median. However, horses that showed the poorest lifetime race activity showed elevated hind limb asymmetry in August at the age of 3 years, compared to horses with more races (group <median: 9±6 mm vs group >median: 6±2 mm (P=0.02)). There were no correlations between individual mean and peak asymmetries and lifetime earnings. It is concluded that locomotion symmetry observed during trot in hand at the age of 1.5-year-olds to December as 3-year-olds was not a simple and straight-forward predictor of future racing career. However, hind limb asymmetries of around 10 mm in the late season as 3-year-olds could be a warning of impaired future performance.
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Crevier-Denoix, N., Camus, M., Pourcelot, P., Pauchard, M., Falala, S., Ravary-Plumioen, B., Denoix, J.M., Desquilbet, L. and Chateau, H., 2014. Effect of speed on stride parameters and limb loading: comparison between forelimb and hindlimb at training trot on a firm surface. Equine Veterinary Journal 46: 38. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12267_115
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Dyson, P.K., Jackson, B.F., Pfeiffer, D.U. and Price, J.S., 2008. Days lost from training by two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred horses: a survey of seven UK training yards. Equine Veterinary Journal 40: 650-657. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516408X363242
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Gaustad, G., Kjærsgaard, P. and Dolvik, N.I., 1996. Lameness in three-year-old standardbred trotters – influence of parameters determined before three years of age. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 16: 384-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0737-0806(96)80176-6
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Hardeman, A.M., Egenvall, A., Serra Bragança, F.M., Koene, M.H.W., Swagemakers, J.H., Roepstorff, L., Van Weeren, P.R. and Byström, A., in press. Movement asymmetries in horses presented for pre purchase or lameness examination. Equine Veterinary Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13453
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Kallerud, A.S., Fjordbakk, C.T., Hendrickson, E.H.S., Persson-Sjodin, E., Hammarberg, M., Rhodin, M. and Hernlund, E., 2020. Objectively measured movement asymmetry in yearling Standardbred trotters. Equine Veterinary Journal 53: 590-599. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13302
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Keegan, K.G., Kramer, J., Yonezawa, Y., Maki, H., Frank Pai, P., Dent, E.V., Kellerman, T.E., Wilson, D.A. and Reed, S.K., 2011. Assessment of repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system for horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 72: 1156-1163. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1156
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Mack, S.J., Kirkby, K., Malalana, F. and McGowan, C.M., 2014. Elevations in serum muscle enzyme activities in racehorses due to unaccustomed exercise and training. Veterinary Record 174: 145. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.101669
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National Research Council (NRC), 2007. Nutrient requirements of horses (6th ed.). National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA. Ringmark, S., Jansson, A., Lindholm, A., Hedenström, U. and Roepstorff, L., 2016. A 2.5 year study on health and locomotion symmetry in young Standardbred horses subjected to two levels of high intensity training distance. Veterinary Journal 207: 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.052
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Ringmark, S., Jansson, A. and Roepstorff, L., 2014. Can locomotion asymmetry in young trotters predict early race performance? Equine Veterinary Journal 46: 47. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12267_144
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Ringmark, S., Lindholm, A., Hedenström, U., Lindinger, M., Dahlborn, K., Kvart, C. and Jansson, A., 2015. Reduced high intensity training distance had no effect on VLa4 but attenuated heart rate response in 2-3-year-old Standardbred horses. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 57: 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-015-0107-1
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Ringmark, S, Revold, T. and Jansson, A., 2017a. Effects of training distance on feed intake, growth, body condition and muscle glycogen content in young Standardbred horses fed a forage-only diet. Animal 11: 1718-1726. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117000593
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Ringmark, S., Roepstorff, L., Essén-Gustavsson, B., Revold, T., Lindholm, A., Hedenström, U., Rundgren, M., Ogren, G. and Jansson, A., 2013. Growth, training response and health in Standardbred yearlings fed a forage-only diet. Animal 7: 746-753. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112002261
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Ringmark, S., Roepstorff, L., Hedenström, U., Lindholm, A. and Jansson, A., 2017b. Reduced training distance and a forage-only diet did not limit race participation in young Standardbred horses. Comparative Exercise Physiology 13: 265-272. https://doi.org/10.3920/CEP170017
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Solé, M., Lindgren, G., Bongcam-Rudloff, E. and Jansson, A., 2020. Benefits and risks of barefoot harness racing in Standardbred trotters. Animal Science Journal 91: e13380. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13380
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Steel, C.M., Hopper, B.J., Richardson, J.L., Alexander, G.R. and Robertson, I.D., 2006. Clinical findings, diagnosis, prevalence and predisposing factors for lameness localised to the middle carpal joint in young Standardbred racehorses. Equine Veterinary Journal 38: 152-157.
'Clinical findings, diagnosis, prevalence and predisposing factors for lameness localised to the middle carpal joint in young Standardbred racehorses ' () 38 Equine Veterinary Journal : 152 -157.
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Swedish Trotting Association, 2021. Avelsindex. Available at: https://www.travsport.se/avel-och-uppfodning/ovrigt-om-avel/avelsindex/
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Van Weeren, P.R., Pfau, T., Rhodin, M., Roepstorff, L., Serra Bragança, F., Weishaupt, M.A., 2017. Do we have to redefine lameness in the era of quantitative gait analysis? Equine Veterinary Journal 49: 567-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12715
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Vigre, H., Chriél, M., Hesselholt, M., Falk-Ronne, J. and Kjar Ersboll, A., 2002. Risk factors for the hazard of lameness in Danish Standardbred trotters. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 56: 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(02)00158-7
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Locomotion asymmetry in young Standardbred trotters in training and links to future racing career
in Comparative Exercise PhysiologySearch for other papers by A. Jansson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S. Ringmark in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by L. Johansson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by L. Roepstorff in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
This study evaluated whether front and hind limb symmetry patterns observed from 1.5 through 3 years of age in Standardbred trotters in training affect racing activity at older age. The hypothesis tested was that asymmetries observed during this period are linked to reduced number of lifetime races and low earnings. Sixteen Standardbreds were subjected to a controlled training and dietary programme from the age of 1.5 years until December as 3-year-olds (P1) and then continued their career with other trainers. On 17 occasions during P1, locomotion asymmetry (vector sum) in front and hind limbs during trot in hand was recorded with a sensor-based system. By 10 years of age, data on lifetime number of races and earnings of the horses were obtained from the Swedish Trotting Association. Horses were divided in groups based on the number of lifetime races performed, i.e. more or less than the median of the cohort born the same year. Mean asymmetry levels did not differ between horses performing more or less lifetime races than the cohort median. However, horses that showed the poorest lifetime race activity showed elevated hind limb asymmetry in August at the age of 3 years, compared to horses with more races (group <median: 9±6 mm vs group >median: 6±2 mm (P=0.02)). There were no correlations between individual mean and peak asymmetries and lifetime earnings. It is concluded that locomotion symmetry observed during trot in hand at the age of 1.5-year-olds to December as 3-year-olds was not a simple and straight-forward predictor of future racing career. However, hind limb asymmetries of around 10 mm in the late season as 3-year-olds could be a warning of impaired future performance.
| Insgesamt | Letzte 365 Tage | In den letzten 30 Tagen | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aufrufe von Kurzbeschreibungen | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gesamttextansichten | 264 | 82 | 10 |
| PDF-Downloads | 254 | 73 | 3 |
