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Opinion Paper
in Beneficial MicrobesSearch for other papers by G. Reid in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
In times when human life and quality of life remain threatened by infectious diseases, increasing microbial resistance and a diminished armamentarium of treatments, you might think that the European Commission would urgently seek and encourage alternative approaches. On the contrary, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has created a panel that has ignored good science, over-ridden peer-reviewed medical studies, and seems intent on breaking the back of a validated approach to infectious disease management, namely probiotics. The recent rejection of a simple and quite bland claim related to vaginal health emphasises the travesty of this bureaucracy. Herein, the science fights back and counters the critique of EFSA.
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Antonio, M.A., Rabe, L.K. and Hillier, S.L., 2005. Colonization of the rectum by Lactobacillus species and decreased risk of bacterial vaginosis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 192: 394-398.
'Colonization of the rectum by Lactobacillus species and decreased risk of bacterial vaginosis ' () 192 Journal of Infectious Diseases : 394 -398.
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Anukam, K.C., Osazuwa, E., Osemene, G.I., Ehigiagbe, F., Bruce, A.W. and Reid, G., 2006. Clinical study comparing probiotic Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Microbes and Infection 8: 2772-2776.
'Clinical study comparing probiotic Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis ' () 8 Microbes and Infection : 2772 -2776.
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Anukam, K., Osazuwa, E., Ahonkhai, I., Ngwu, M., Osemene, G., Bruce, A.W. and Reid, G., 2006. Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Microbes and Infection 8: 1450-1454.
'Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial ' () 8 Microbes and Infection : 1450 -1454.
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Anukam, K.C., Duru, M.U., Eze, C.C., Egharevba, J., Aiyebelehin, A., Bruce, A.W. and Reid, G., 2009. Oral use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to fluconazole in the treatment of yeast vaginitis: a study of Nigerian women in an outdoor clinic. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 21: 72-77.
'Oral use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to fluconazole in the treatment of yeast vaginitis: a study of Nigerian women in an outdoor clinic ' () 21 Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease : 72 -77.
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Boschi-Pinto, C., Lanata, C.F., Mendoza, W. and Habte, D., 2006. Diarrheal diseases. In: Jamison, D.T., Feachem, R.G., Makgoba, M.W., Bos, E.R., Baingana, F.K., Hofman, K.J. and Rogo, K.O. (eds.) Disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2nd ed., World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, Chapter 9.
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Cadieux, P.A., Burton, J., Devillard, E. and Reid, G., 2009. Lactobacillus by-products inhibit the growth and virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 60 Suppl. 6: 13-18.
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Colodner, R., Edelstein, H., Chazan, B. and Raz, R., 2003. Vaginal colonization by orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Israel Medical Association Journal 5: 767-769.
'Vaginal colonization by orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ' () 5 Israel Medical Association Journal : 767 -769.
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Eckert, L.O., Moore, D.E., Patton, D.L., Agnew, K.J. and Eschenbach, D.A., 2003., Relationship of vaginal bacteria and inflammation with conception and early pregnancy loss following in-vitro fertilization. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 11: 11-17.
'Relationship of vaginal bacteria and inflammation with conception and early pregnancy loss following in-vitro fertilization ' () 11 Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology : 11 -17.
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El Aila, N.A., Tency, I., Claeys, G., Verstraelen, H., Saerens, B., Santiago, G.L., De Backer, E., Cools, P., Temmerman, M., Verhelst, R. and Vaneechoutte, M., 2009. Identification and genotyping of bacteria from paired vaginal and rectal samples from pregnant women indicates similarity between vaginal and rectal microflora. BMC Infectious Diseases 9: 167.
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El Aila, N.A., Tency, I., Saerens, B., De Backer, E., Cools, P., Dos Santos Santiago, G.L., Verstraelen, H., Verhelst, R., Temmerman, M. and Vaneechoutte, M., 2011. Strong correspondence in bacterial loads between the vagina and rectum of pregnant women. Research in Microbiology 162: 506-513.
'Strong correspondence in bacterial loads between the vagina and rectum of pregnant women ' () 162 Research in Microbiology : 506 -513.
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European Food Safety Authority Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (EFSA NDA), 2010. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (ATCC 55826) in combination with Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 (ATCC 55845) and defence against vaginal pathogens by increasing the proportion of lactobacilli and/or decreasing the proportion of potentially pathogenic bacteria and/or yeasts (ID 945) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/20061. EFSA Journal 9: 2232. Available at: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/2232.pdf.
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Guarner, F., Sanders, M.E., Gibson, G., Klaenhammer, T., Cabana, M., Scott, K., Reid, G., Delzenne, N.M., Fahey, G.C. and Hill, C., 2011. Probiotic and prebiotic claims in Europe: seeking a clear roadmap. British Journal of Nutrition, in press. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511002248.
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Hummelen, R., Changalucha, J., Butamanya, N.L., Cook, A., Habbema, J.D.F. and Reid, G., 2010. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 to prevent or cure bacterial vaginosis among women with HIV. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 111: 245-248.
'Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 to prevent or cure bacterial vaginosis among women with HIV ' () 111 International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics : 245 -248.
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Kim, S.O., Sheik, H.I., Ha, S.-D., Martins, A. and Reid, G., 2006. G-CSF mediated inhibition of JNK is a key mechanism for Lactobacillus rhamnosus-induced anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. Cellular Microbiology 8: 1958-1971.
'G-CSF mediated inhibition of JNK is a key mechanism for Lactobacillus rhamnosus-induced anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages ' () 8 Cellular Microbiology : 1958 -1971.
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Kira, E.F., Artymuk, N.V., Bezhenar, V.F., Savicheva, A.M., Gaitukieva, R.A., Gamirova, E.V., Beliakina, I.V. and Melko, A.I. 2007. Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of Lactogyn in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. In: Russian Gynecological Congress, 2 October 2007, Moscow, Russia, abstract.
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Li, J., McCormick, J., Bocking, A. and Reid, G., 2011. Probiotics for reproductive medicine. Reproductive Sciences, in press.
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Li, J., Wang, W., Xu, S.X., Magarvey, N.A. and McCormick, J.K., 2011. Lactobacillus reuteri-produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in staphylococci. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108: 3360-3365.
'Lactobacillus reuteri-produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in staphylococci ' () 108 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA : 3360 -3365.
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MacPhee, R., Hummelen, R., Bisanz, J., Miller, W.L. and Reid, G., 2010. Probiotic strategies for the treatment and prevention of bacterial vaginosis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 11: 2985-2995.
'Probiotic strategies for the treatment and prevention of bacterial vaginosis ' () 11 Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy : 2985 -2995.
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Martinez, R.C., Franceschini, S.A., Patta, M.C., Quintana, S.M., Candido, R.C., Ferreira, J.C., Pereira De Martinis, E.C. and Reid, G., 2009. Improved cure of bacterial vaginosis with single dose of tinidazole (2 g) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55: 133-138.
'Improved cure of bacterial vaginosis with single dose of tinidazole (2 g) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial ' () 55 Canadian Journal of Microbiology : 133 -138.
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Martinez, R.C., Franceschini, S.A., Patta, M.C., Quintana, S.M., Candido, R.C., Ferreira, J.C., Pereira De Martinis, E.C. and Reid, G., 2009. Improved treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with fluconazole plus probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14. Letters in Applied Microbiology 48: 269-274.
'Improved treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with fluconazole plus probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 ' () 48 Letters in Applied Microbiology : 269 -274.
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McFarland, L.V., 2009. Evidence-based review of probiotics for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections. Anaerobe 15: 274-280.
'Evidence-based review of probiotics for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections ' () 15 Anaerobe : 274 -280.
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McMillan, A., Dell, M., Zellar, M.P., Cribby, S., Martz, S., Hong, E., Fu, J., Abbas, A., Dang, T., Miller, W. and Reid, G., 2010. Disruption of urogenital biofilms by lactobacilli. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 86: 58-64.
'Disruption of urogenital biofilms by lactobacilli ' () 86 Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces : 58 -64.
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Meyn, L.A., Krohn, M.A. and Hillier, S.L., 2009. Rectal colonization by group B Streptococcus as a predictor of vaginal colonization. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 201: 76.e1-76.e7.
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Morelli, L., Zonenenschain, D., Del Piano, M. and Cognein, P., 2004. Utilization of the intestinal tract as a delivery system for urogenital probiotics. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 38 Suppl. 6: S107-S110.
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Oleszczuk, J., Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, B., Haberek, M. and Dziduch, P., 2007. Clinical evaluation of LaciBios femina in treatment of disturbances of the vaginal bacterial flora in pregnant women. In: Congress of the Polish Gynecological Society, 28 September 2006. Poznan, Poland, abstract.
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Reid, G., 2002. Probiotics for urogenital health. Nutrition in Clinical Care 5: 3-8.
'Probiotics for urogenital health ' () 5 Nutrition in Clinical Care : 3 -8.
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Reid, G., 2005. The importance of guidelines in the development and application of probiotics. Current Pharmaceutical Design 11: 11-16.
'The importance of guidelines in the development and application of probiotics ' () 11 Current Pharmaceutical Design : 11 -16.
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Reid, G., Beuerman, D., Heinemann, C. and Bruce, A.W., 2001. Probiotic Lactobacillus dose required to restore and maintain a normal vaginal flora. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 32: 37-41.
'Probiotic Lactobacillus dose required to restore and maintain a normal vaginal flora ' () 32 FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology : 37 -41.
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Reid, G., Bruce, A.W., Fraser, N., Heinemann, C., Owen, J. and Henning, B., 2001. Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 30: 49-52.
'Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections ' () 30 FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology : 49 -52.
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Reid, G., Charbonneau, D., Erb, J., Kochanowski, B., Beuerman, D., Poehner, R. and Bruce, A.W., 2003. Oral use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 significantly alters vaginal flora: randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 64 healthy women. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 35: 131-134.
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Reid, G., Younes, J., Van der Mei, H.C., Gloor, G.B., Knight, R. and Busscher, H.J., 2011. Microbiota restoration: natural and supplemented recovery of human microbial communities. Nature Reviews Microbiology 9: 27-38.
'Microbiota restoration: natural and supplemented recovery of human microbial communities ' () 9 Nature Reviews Microbiology : 27 -38.
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Shalev, E., Battino, S., Weiner, E., Colodner, R. and Keness, Y., 1996. Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus compared with pasteurized yogurt as prophylaxis for recurrent candidal vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. Archives of Family Medicine 5: 593-596.
'Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus compared with pasteurized yogurt as prophylaxis for recurrent candidal vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis ' () 5 Archives of Family Medicine : 593 -596.
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Verstraelen, H. and Senok, A.C., 2005. Vaginal lactobacilli, probiotics, and IVF. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 11: 674-675.
'Vaginal lactobacilli, probiotics, and IVF ' () 11 Reproductive Biomedicine Online : 674 -675.
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Xie, J., Foxman, B., Zhang, L. and Marrs, C.F., 2006. Molecular epidemiologic identification of Escherichia coli genes that are potentially involved in movement of the organism from the intestinal tract to the vagina and bladder. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 44: 2434-2441.
'Molecular epidemiologic identification of Escherichia coli genes that are potentially involved in movement of the organism from the intestinal tract to the vagina and bladder ' () 44 Journal of Clinical Microbiology : 2434 -2441.
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Yeganegi, M., Leung, C.G., Martins, A., Kim, S.O., Reid, G., Challis, J.R.G. and Bocking, A.D., 2010. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1- induced IL-10 production in human placental trophoblast cells involves activation of JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. Reproductive Sciences 17: 1043-1051.
| Insgesamt | Letzte 365 Tage | In den letzten 30 Tagen | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aufrufe von Kurzbeschreibungen | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Gesamttextansichten | 324 | 98 | 7 |
| PDF-Downloads | 212 | 91 | 5 |
Opinion Paper
in Beneficial MicrobesSearch for other papers by G. Reid in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
In times when human life and quality of life remain threatened by infectious diseases, increasing microbial resistance and a diminished armamentarium of treatments, you might think that the European Commission would urgently seek and encourage alternative approaches. On the contrary, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has created a panel that has ignored good science, over-ridden peer-reviewed medical studies, and seems intent on breaking the back of a validated approach to infectious disease management, namely probiotics. The recent rejection of a simple and quite bland claim related to vaginal health emphasises the travesty of this bureaucracy. Herein, the science fights back and counters the critique of EFSA.
| Insgesamt | Letzte 365 Tage | In den letzten 30 Tagen | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aufrufe von Kurzbeschreibungen | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Gesamttextansichten | 324 | 98 | 7 |
| PDF-Downloads | 212 | 91 | 5 |
