Kant on Freedom, Apperception and Form

Justin Shaddock

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Chapter 3 Kant on Freedom, Apperception and Form

In: Philosophical Engagements with Modernity: The Legacy of Robert B. Pippin

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Justin Shaddock

Justin Shaddock
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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 34–50

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004737204-004

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Abstract

Robert Pippin has long regarded the Kantian conception of freedom as among the founding values of modernity. This essay traces a development in Pippin’s interpretation and proposes an alternative. While early in his career Pippin emphasized Kant’s identification of freedom with apperception, he later stressed Kant’s conception of freedom as the conformity of our particular cognitions and volitions to the universal forms of the mind and will. Pippin raises two problems for this later conception—empty formalism and subjective imposition—and he offers a Hegelian solution, on which the forms of the mind and will depend upon concrete forms of life. I propose a more Kantian alternative by showing, first, that Kant offers a theory of the a priori contents of the mind and will to answer the empty formalism objection, and second, that Kant’s theory of the systematicity of reason can answer the subjective imposition worry.

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Philosophical Engagements with Modernity: The Legacy of Robert B. Pippin

Series: New Research in the History of Western Philosophy, Volume: 16

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004737204

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 08 Apr 2026

Subjects
- Philosophy
  - General
  - 19th & 20th Century Philosophy

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Chapter 3 Kant on Freedom, Apperception and Form

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Philosophical Engagements with Modernity: The Legacy of Robert B. Pippin

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